高中语法非谓语动词之动词不定式和练习.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,文档来源于网络，文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿。文档如有不当之处，请联系本人或网站删除。,动词不定式的简介,动词不定式是由to+动词原形组成，是动词的非谓语形式。它可以带宾语，构成动词不定式短语，在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，因此在句中可以充当谓语以外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补和同位语。,一、动词不定式的语法功能,（1）动词不定式（短语）作主语,To love is to be loved.爱别人就是被人爱,To teach is to give.教育就是奉献,注意：,1）,在口语中，动词不定式作主语时常用it做形式主语，而真正的主语则被置于句子的后面。,It will takes me three hours to do this job.,It is of great importance to solve the housing problem.,动词不定式做主语,2),假如动词不定式要带逻辑主语。则需介词of或for来引导。,It is good for me to have a talk with you.,It is cruel of man to kill animals in such a casual manner.,总结：能用于介词of的结构的形容词有：good，kind，bad，wicked，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，selfless 主观感情或态度,能用于介词for的结构的形容词有：important，necessary，impossible，better客观情况,3),在疑问句或感叹句中要用it来做主语,例如：Is it worth our while to hold such a long meeting?,What good news it is for me to hear that my brother has got his visa to America!,（2）动词不定式作宾语,She decided to quit her job at last.I hope to see you soon.,.,注意：,1）在以下动词后只能跟动词不定式作宾语：,afford,agree,aim,ask,claim,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expectfail,hope,manage,plan,refuse等,2）在should(would)like,love,prefer等之后必须用动词不定式（短语）。,例如：I would like to give you a big hand.,3)在下列及物动词后一般可以跟“疑问词+动词不定式短语”,advise,ask,decide,find out,instruct,know,forget,imagine,learn,例如：I dont know what to do.,(3)动词不定式做表语,紧跟在系动词如：,be,seem,remain,appear,get,等词之后,例：,The most important thing for the United states to do now is to rescue the woulded.,注意：,1）,动词不定式作表语主动形式表示被动含义的结构有to blame，to let，to find out.,Who is to blame?,The house is to let.,Suspects are still to find out.,2),be to 含有按计划，按命令做的事情或应该、可能、注定发生的事情,例：We are to meet once a week.,我们按计划将一个月碰一次头。,What is to be done?应该怎么办？,The key is nowhere to be found.可能,(4)动词不定式作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补足语,例：Wed love you to give us a hand.,He was made to repair the broken chair.,注意：,1）,在一些动词后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式to要省略掉。这类动词包括感官动词和使役动词。如：see,hear,watch,have,make,let等。但如果句子是被动语态，动词不定式为主补时，要带to（let 除外）,I heard her sing a song in the next room yesterday.,2）,有些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be,这样的动词有：believe,consider,find,imagine,konw,prove,suppose,understand等,例：I will consider him to be an honest man.,She was believed to be innocent.,3),下列动词不能跟“名词或者代词+动词不定式”结构,admit,confess,demand,explain,hope,propose,suggest等。,例：My mother suggested that we should finish our homework before watching TV.,I hoped that the bus would come early.,(5)动词不定式短语作定语：,When the question was was out,he was the first to raise his hand.,I am afraid I can not attend your party,for I have too many things to do.,注意：,1）,当修饰的是不定代词如：everything,anything,much,little等，或被修饰的名词前被形容词最高级，序数词，the only等强调结构修饰时，非谓语动词作谓语只能用动词不定式。,例：He was the last to realize the importance of this problem.,Do you have anything to read?,the first to arrive,2)如被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，且动词不定式的动词是不及物动词，则后面需跟成为搭配的介词,名词或代词+不定式（to+不及物动词+介词）,Who is the man to talk to?,He is a tough teacher to deal with.,I need a pen to write with.,特例：,当是place,time,way时，介词可以省略,He has no money and no place to live.,There is no time to think.,(6)动词不定式作状语：动词不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果原因等,目的状语例：The whole family came out to me my perforamnce.He called to say goodbye.不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加,in order to,或,so as to。,例如：Ive written it down in order not to forget.He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.,在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语，表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较：To draw maps properly,you need a special pen.()To draw maps properly,a special pen is needed.(,),由 in order to 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首，而由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，而不能置于句首。比较：They started early in order to get there in time.(,)In order to get there in time,they started early.()They started early so as to get there in time.(,)So as to get there in time,they started early.(),结果状语：例：We rushed to the railway station,only to find(表示出乎意料）,the train had just left.He studied hard only to fail.She went to South China five years ago,never to return.,注意：1）,so.as to,such.as to,enough to.,以及,too.to,等结构中的动词不定式都表示结果。例：This basket player is so tall and strong as to be a giant.这位篮球队员又高又壮，就像一个巨人。I am too tired to move.Iam too pleased to see you again.Iam only too delighted to accept the gift.,2),在too.to结构中，后面的形容词是为ready,eager,anxious,apt,willing,glad,pleased等词时，动词不定式不再有否定的意思。,too在此处可以理解成very的意思。例：She is too ready to help.她极其乐于帮助别人,原因状语：动词不定式常跟在一些形容词后，说明产生这些情绪的原因。这类形容词有：,happy,surprised,sorry,glad,eager,等例：I am sorry to interrupt you.,(7)动词不定式作独立成分,这些短语有：,to begin with,to tell the truth,to make a long story short,so to speak,to be brief,to be frank,to conclude.,例：To begin with,Ilike to introduce myself to you all.,(8)动词不定式作同位语，说明被修饰名词是具体内容,例：My hope,to be a doctor,has been realized.,二、动词不定式的省略,1.在,had better,would rather,would ratherthan,cannot but,why(not),等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。如:,Youd better tell her the truth.,2.动词不定式短语作介词,but,except,besides,的宾语，且介词之前有动词do或其它形式时，不定式符号to通常被省略。,My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.,3在某些感官动词或使役动词,4.为了避免重复，在,hope，wish，want，like，love,decide，mean，prefer，have to，be able to，be going to，used to，ought to,等动词及习语后面出现与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其它部分省略。,Ms King lied to us because she had to.,5.当不定式在,ask,advise,persuade,wish,allow,permit,tell,expect,force,invite,beg,等动词后面充当宾语补足语时,为了避免重复,常保留不定式符号to，而把后面的动词省略.,She wants to come,but her parents wont allow her to.,If he doesnt want to go there,dont force him to.,三、不定式的否定式,其基本形式是not to do,not必须置于整个不定式结构之前。,The patient was warned not to eat only food after the operation.,四、主动的形式表示被动:,1.句中存在不定式的逻辑主语,构成逻辑上的主谓关系,The master gave his dog a few bones to eat.,2.在“形容词+不定式”结构中,那么不定式多用主动语态常见形容词：hard,difficult,easy,fit,cheap,expensive,The water is fit to drink.,The couch is comfortable to sit on,3.在there be结构中,倾向于用不定式主动语态表示被动意义.,There is always much work to do in the house.,4.下列句子惯用不定式主动语态.,The house is to let/to be let.这房子待出租。,He is not to blame.他不该受责备。,不定式运用口诀,本领最多不定式，,主、表、宾、补、定和状。,样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。,大家千万要当心，,有时它把句型改,，,作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。,七个感官三使役，,宾补要把to甩开,；,疑问词后接上它，,宾语从句可充当,；,逻辑主语不定式，,不定式前for sb.,;,to前not是否定,，各种用法区别开。,动词不定式高考链接,1.When he _ the door,he found his keys were nowhere.,A.would open B.opened C.had opened D.was to open,2.-What s the matter with Della?,-Well,her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party,but she still _.,A.hopes to B.hopes so C.hopes not D.hopes for,3.The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.,A.produced B.being produced,C.to be produced D.having been produced,4.The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.,A.looked at B.to look at C.to looking at D.look at,5._,you need to give all you have and try your best.,A.Being a winner B.To be a winner,C.Be a winner D.Having been a winner,D,A,C,B,B,Thank you!,