1、肩锁关节脱位肩锁关节脱位 病例讨论病例讨论西安红会医院创伤骨科西安红会医院创伤骨科 张张 堃堃 马腾马腾 吕敏吕敏病例 张某,男张某,男,23,23岁,摔伤致岁,摔伤致右肩疼痛活动受限数小时,右肩疼痛活动受限数小时,无血管神经症状。无血管神经症状。诊断?分型?诊断?分型?脱位如何处脱位如何处理?理?治疗方案肩锁关节脱位 .保守?.切开复位内固定?.韧带重建?.锁骨远端切除?.肩锁关节融合?治疗方案复位脱位复位脱位内固定方式内固定方式 克氏针?钢丝?螺钉?钩钢板?肌腱克氏针?钢丝?螺钉?钩钢板?肌腱转位?袢钢板?转位?袢钢板?肩锁关节稳定性维持肩锁关节稳定性维持康复治疗康复治疗术中情况喙突喙突肩
2、峰肩峰锁骨锁骨切口切口三角肌三角肌喙突喙突锁骨锁骨克氏针建立工作通道克氏针建立工作通道4.5mm空心钻空心钻扩大工作通道扩大工作通道放置导丝放置导丝导丝导丝从喙突下抽从喙突下抽出导丝一端出导丝一端导丝穿引袢钢板导丝穿引袢钢板导丝导丝袢钢板一端穿过喙突袢钢板一端穿过喙突术前术后X线片对照术后术后3个月复查个月复查X线及肩关节功能像线及肩关节功能像肩锁关节脱位分型肩锁关节脱位分型AllmanTossyRockwood Mazzocca AD,Arciero RA,Bicos J Evaluation and treatment ofacromioclavicular joint injuries
3、Am J Sports Med 2007,35:316329讨论讨论RockwoodI型:肩部遭受轻度暴力,肩锁关节韧带轻微扭伤。韧带保持完整,肩锁关节仍稳定。II型:肩部遭受中度暴力,肩锁关节韧带断裂。锁骨远端在水平面上不稳定,在垂直方向上仍稳定。III型:肩部遭受严重暴力,肩锁和喙锁韧带撕裂。与对侧放射学表现相比,喙锁间隙增加25%-100%。IV型:锁骨远端向后脱位,锁骨向后脱入或穿透斜方肌。V型:类似III型但软组织损伤程度更重,肩锁韧带、喙锁韧带、三角肌斜方肌附着点均被撕脱。与对侧放射学表现相比,喙锁间隙增加100%以上。VI型:锁骨向下脱位至肩峰下或喙突下。此类损伤常常是严重创伤结
4、果,还往往伴有多发伤。Schwarz N,Kuderna H.Infrior acromioclavicular separation:report of an unusual case.Clin orthop 1988;234:28-30 合并损伤 肩胸分离 骨折 Wurtz LD,Lyons FA,Rockwood CA Tr.Fracture of the middle third of the clavicle and dislocation of the acromioclavicular jiont.A report of four cases.J Bone Joint Surg(
5、Am)1992;74:133-137 臂丛神经功能异常 Meislin RJ,Zuckerman JD,Nainzadeh N.Type III acromioclavicular Jiont separation associated with late brachial plexus neurapraxia.J Orthop Trauma 1992;6:370-372讨讨 论论 喙锁骨化 Urist MR.Complete dislocation of the acromioclavicular Jiont:the nature of the traumatic lesion and ef
6、fective methods of treatment with an analysis of 41 cases.J Bone Joint Surg 1946;28:813-83 锁骨远端骨溶解 Madsen B.Osteolysis of the acromial end of the clavicle following trauma.Br J Raiol 1963;36:822应用解剖肩锁韧带:肩锁关节被一层细薄的关节囊包绕,在其上下前后分别由肩锁关节上下前后韧带加强。其中肩锁关节上韧带最强韧。Renfree KJ,Riley MK,Wheeler D,et al.Ligamentou
7、s anatomy of the distal clavicle.J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2003;12(4):355-359喙锁韧带:锥状韧带:长0.7-2.5cm,宽0.4-0.95cm;位于斜方韧带内侧,呈锥形,其尖端附着于喙突基底部后内侧面,基底部位于锁骨锥状结节。Salter EG,Nasca RJ,Shelley BS,Anatomical observations on the acromioclavicular joint and supporting ligaments.Am J Sports Med 1987;15:199-206 斜方韧带:长0.8-2
8、.5cm,宽0.8-2.5cm,起于喙突与锥状韧带着点的前外侧,止于锁骨下面的粗线。韧带稳定性:Urist及Fukuda等试验得出:肩锁韧带控制水平方向稳定性;喙锁韧带控制垂直方向稳定性。Klimkiewicz JJ,Williams GR,Sher JS,et al.The acromioclavicular capsule as a restraint to posterior translation of the clavicle:a biomechanical analysis.J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1999;8:119-124功能:喙锁韧带能协助耦合两关节运动,
9、即盂肱关节的外展、屈曲和肩胛骨在胸壁上的旋转。Rockwood CA,Williams GR,Young CD.Injures to the acromioclavicular joint.In:Rockwood CA.Green DP,Bucholz RW,Heckman JD,eds.Fractures in adults,vol 2,4th ed,Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven,1996:1341-1414运动:Rockwood证实:随着肩部上抬锁骨向上旋转40-50,但锁骨相对于肩峰只有5-8的旋转。Flatow EL.The biomechanics of
10、 the acromioclavicular,stemoclavicular,and scapulothoracic joints.AAOS Instr Course Lect 1993;42:237-245Rockwood CA,Williams GR,Young CD.Injures to the acromioclavicular joint.In:Rockwood CA.Green DP,Bucholz RW,Heckman JD,eds.Fractures in adults,vol 2,4th ed,Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven,1996:1341-1
11、414治疗方法的选择I型损伤:无需手术治疗。II型损伤:非手术治疗:所有急性II型损伤;手术治疗:有症状的慢性II型损伤(单纯半月板清理术、锁骨远端切除术、肩锁关节重建术)。Moushine E,Garofalo R,Crevoisier X,et al.Grade I and II acromioclavicular dislocation:results of conservative treatment.J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2003;12(6):599-602锁骨远端切除锁骨远端切除讨讨 论论III 型损伤:非手术治疗:宽胶布固定、吊带悬吊、绷带固定、支具、牵引、
12、加压包扎、石膏管型。Schlegal TF,Burks RT,Marcus RL,et al.A prospective evaluation of untreated acute grade III acromioclavicula separations.Am J Sports Med 2001;29(6):699-703 手术治疗:肩锁关节修补、喙锁韧带修补、肩锁和喙锁联合修补、喙锁融合、利用联合腱及其附着的喙突尖端所动的肌肉动力转位。Sloan SM,Budogg JE,Hipp JA,et al.Corcacolavicular ligament reconstruction usi
13、ng the lateral half of the conjoined tendon.J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2004;13(2):186-190IV、V、VI型损伤:手术治疗。Talbert TW,Green JR 3rd,Mukherjee DP,et al.Bioabsorbable screw fixation in coracoclavicular liagament reconstruction.J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2003;13(4):317-323Sloan SM,Budogg JE,Hipp JA,et al.Cor
14、cacolavicular ligament reconstruction using the lateral half of the conjoined tendon.J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2004;13(2):186-190Lee SJ,Akizuki KH,Kremenic IJ.Reconstruction of the coracoclavicular liagament with tendon grafts.Am J Sports Med 2003;31:648-655切开复位内固定内植物种类克氏针讨讨 论论钢丝镙钉钩钢板骨锚袢钢板Lim Yw.Triple
15、Endobutton technique in acromioclavicular joint reduction and reconstruction Ann Acad Med Singapore,2008 37:294299并发症骨圆针游移Lyons FA,Rockwood CA.Migration of pins used in operations on the shoulder.J Bone Joint Surg(Am)1990;72:1262-1267讨讨 论论喙突镙钉固定失败Sander JO,Lyons FA,Rockwood CA.Management of dislocat
16、ions of both ends of the clavicle.J Bone Joint Surg(Am)1990;72:399-402 锁骨钩 肩峰骨质溶解 肩峰下撞击 甚至应力性骨折 脱钩 翼状肩ElMaraghy Aw.Devereaux Mw,Ravichandiran K,et a1subacromial morphometric asscessment of the clavicle hook plate Injury,20104l:613-619讨论 利用利用Endobutton技术使用双袢钢板完全符合目前提倡技术使用双袢钢板完全符合目前提倡的非刚性、弹性方式固定,通过它可以
17、分别对锥形韧带和的非刚性、弹性方式固定,通过它可以分别对锥形韧带和斜方韧带进行解剖重建。斜方韧带进行解剖重建。袢钢板重建喙锁韧带袢钢板重建喙锁韧带Steven struhl MDDouble Endobutton technique for repair of complete acromioclavicular joint dislocationTechn Shouder Elbow Surg,2007 8(4):175179术后术后constantconstant评分和评分和SSVSSV评分均优于术前,疗效明显。评分均优于术前,疗效明显。肩胛悬吊复合体损伤肩胛悬吊复合体损伤 肩胛悬吊复合体
18、肩胛悬吊复合体(SSSCSSSC )中有两个部位(或以上)中有两个部位(或以上)的损伤,会造成不稳定,导的损伤,会造成不稳定,导致致“飘浮肩飘浮肩”。lGoss TP.Double disruptions of the superior shoulder suspensory complexJ OrthopTrauma;1993,7(2):99-106lPeter C.Lapner.Scapula Fractures.Orthop Clin N Am(2008)39 459474肩胛盂肩胛盂喙突喙突肩峰肩峰锁骨锁骨肩锁韧带肩锁韧带喙锁韧带喙锁韧带两处及以上的肩胛悬吊复两处及以上的肩胛悬吊复合体损伤破坏其稳定性而合体损伤破坏其稳定性而致肩关节不稳,需手术治致肩关节不稳,需手术治疗疗小小 结结Endobutton技术优点:技术优点:解剖复位;解剖复位;持续稳定固定;持续稳定固定;符合生物力学要求;符合生物力学要求;创伤小;创伤小;术后并发症少;术后并发症少;无需二次手术取出无需二次手术取出等。等。谢 谢