电子商务：管理视角chap08.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Prentice Hall,2000,Chapter 8Electronic Payment Systems and Security,1,Learning Objectives,Describe typical electronic payment systems for EC,Identify the security requirements for safe electronic payments,Describe the typical security schemes used to meet the security requirements,Identify the players and procedures of the electronic credit card system on the Internet,Discuss the relationship between SSL and SET protocols,Discuss the relationship between electronic fund transfer and debit card,Describe the characteristics of a stored value card,Classify and describe the types of IC cards used for payments,Discuss the characteristics of electronic check systems,Learning Objectives,(cont.),SSL,Vs.,SET:Who Will Win?,A part of SSL(Secure Socket Layer)is available on customers browsers,it is basically an encryption mechanism for order taking,queries and other applications,it does not protect against all security hazards,it is mature,simple,and widely use,SET(Secure Electronic Transaction)is a very comprehensive security protocol,it provides for privacy,authenticity,integrity,and,or repudiation,it is used very infrequently due to its complexity and the need for a special card reader by the user,it may be abandoned if it is not simplified/improved,Payments,Protocols and Related Issues,SET Protocol is for Credit Card Payments,Electronic Cash and Micropayments,Electronic Fund Transfer on the Internet,Stored Value Cards and Electronic Cash,Electronic Check Systems,Security requirements,Payments,Protocols and Related Issues,(cont.),Authentication,:,A way to verify the buyers identity before payments are made,Integrity,:,Ensuring that information will not be accidentally or maliciously altered or destroyed,usually during transmission,Encryption,:,A process of making messages indecipherable except by those who have an authorized decryption key,Non-repudiation,:,Merchants need protection against the customers unjustifiable denial of placed orders,and customers need protection against the merchants unjustifiable denial of past payment,Security Schemes,Secret Key Cryptography(symmetric),Scrambled Message,Original Message,Sender,Internet,Scrambled Message,Key,sender,(=Key,receiver,),Encryption,Original Message,Receiver,Key,receiver,Decryption,Public Key Cryptography,Sender,Original Message,Scrambled Message,Scrambled Message,Public Key,receiver,Original Message,Receiver,Private Key,receiver,Internet,Security Schemes,(cont.),Message,Sender,Original Message,Scrambled Message,Scrambled Message,Private Key,sender,Original Message,Receiver,Public Key,sender,Internet,Digital,Signature,Digital Signature,A digital signature is attached by a sender to a message encrypted in the receivers public key,The receiver is the only one that can read the message and at the same time he is assured that the message was indeed sent by the sender,Sender encrypts a message with her private key,Any receiver with senders public key can read it,Security Schemes,(cont.),Analogous to handwritten signature,Certificate,Name:“Richard”,key-Exchange Key:,Signature Key:,Serial#:29483756,Other Data:10236283025273,Expires:6/18/96,Signed:CAs Signature,Security Schemes,(cont.),Identifying the holder of a public key(Key-Exchange),Issued by a trusted certificate authority(CA),Certificate Authority,-e.g.VeriSign,RCA,BCA,GCA,CCA,MCA,PCA,RCA:Root Certificate Authority,BCA:Brand Certificate Authority,GCA:Geo-political Certificate Authority,CCA:Cardholder Certificate Authority,MCA:Merchant Certificate Authority,PCA:Payment Gateway,Certificate Authority,Hierarchy of Certificate Authorities,Certificate authority needs to be verified by a government or well trusted entity(e.g.,post office),Security Schemes,(cont.),Public or private,comes in levels(hierarchy),A trusted third party services,Issuer of digital certificates,Verifying that a public key indeed belongs to a certain individual,Electronic Credit Card Systemon the Internet,The Players,Cardholder,Merchant(seller),Issuer(your bank),Acquirer(merchants financial institution,acquires the sales slips),Brand(VISA,Master Card),The process of using credit cards offline,A cardholder requests the issuance of a card brand(like Visa and MasterCard)to an issuer bank in which the cardholder may have an account.,Electronic Credit Card Systemon the Internet,(cont.),The authorization of card issuance by the issuer bank,or its designated brand company,may require customers physical visit to an office.,A plastic card is physically delivered to the customers address by mail.,The card can be in effect as the cardholder calls the bank for initiation and signs on the back of the card.,The cardholder shows the card to a merchant to pay a requested amount.Then the merchant asks for approval from the brand company.,Upon the approval,the merchant requests payment to the merchants acquirer bank,and pays fee for the service.This process is called a“capturing process”,The acquirer bank requests the issuer bank to pay for the credit amount.,Cardholder,Merchant,credit card,Card Brand Company,Payment authorization,payment data,Issuer Bank,Cardholder,Account,Acquirer Bank,Merchant,Account,account debit data,payment data,Credit Card Procedure(offline and online),14,payment data,amount transfer,Prentice Hall,2000,Secure Electronic Transaction(SET)Protocol,1.,The message is hashed to a prefixed length of message digest.,2.,The message digest is encrypted with the senders private signature key,and a digital signature is created.,3.,The composition of message,digital signature,and Senders certificate is encrypted with the symmetric key which is generated at senders computer for every transaction.The result is an encrypted message.SET protocol uses the DES algorithm instead of RSA for encryption because DES can be executed much faster than RSA.,4.,The Symmetric key itself is encrypted with the receivers public key which was sent to the sender in advance.The result is a digital envelope.,15,Senders Computer,Prentice Hall,2000,Senders Computer,Senders Private Signature Key,Senders,Certificate,+,+,Message,+,Digital Signature,Receivers,Certificate,Encrypt,Symmetric Key,Encrypted Message,Receivers,Key-Exchange Key,Encrypt,Digital,Envelope,Message,Message Digest,16,Prentice Hall,2000,5.,The encrypted message and digital envelope are transmitted to receivers computer via the Internet.,6.,The digital envelope is decrypted with receivers private exchange key.,7.,Using the restored symmetric key,the encrypted message can be restored to the message,digital signature,and senders certificate.,8.,To confirm the integrity,the digital signature is decrypted by senders public key,obtaining the message digest.,9.,The delivered message is hashed to generate message digest.,10.,The message digests obtained by steps 8 and 9 respectively,are compared by the receiver to confirm whether there was any change during the transmission.This step confirms the integrity.,Receivers Computer,Secure Electronic Transaction(SET)Protocol,(cont.),17,Prentice Hall,2000,Receivers Computer,Decrypt,Symmetric Key,Encrypted Message,Senders,Certificate,+,+,Message,compare,Digital,Envelope,Receivers Private Key-Exchange Key,Decrypt,Message Digest,Digital Signature,Senders Public Signature Key,Decrypt,Message Digest,18,Prentice Hall,2000,Entities of SET Protocol in Cyber Shopping,IC Card,Reader,Customer x,Customer y,With Digital Wallets,Certificate,Authority,Electronic Shopping Mall,Merchant A,Merchant B,Credit Card,Brand,Protocol,X.25,Payment Gateway,19,Prentice Hall,2000,SET,Vs,.SSL,Secure Electronic Transaction(SET),Secure Socket Layer(SSL),Complex,Simple,SET is tailored to the credit card payment to the merchants.,SSL is a protocol for general-purpose secure message exchanges(encryption).,SET protocol hides the customers credit card information from merchants,and also hides the order information to banks,to protect privacy.This scheme is called,dual signature.,SSL protocol may use a certificate,but there is no payment gateway.So,the merchants need to receive both the ordering information and credit card information,because the capturing process should be initiated by the merchants.,Electronic Fund Transfer(EFT)on the Internet,An Architecture of Electronic Fund Transfer on the Internet,Internet,Payer,Cyber Bank,Bank,Cyber Bank,Payee,Automated,Clearinghouse,VAN,Bank,VAN,Payment,Gateway,Payment,Gateway,Debit Cards,A delivery vehicle of cash in an electronic form,Mondex,VisaCash applied this approach,Either,anonymous,or,onymous,CyberCash has commercialized a debit card named CyberCoin as a medium of micropayments on the Internet,Financial EDI,It is an EDI used for financial transactions,EDI is a standardized way of exchanging messages between businesses,EFT can be implemented using a Financial EDI system,Safe Financial EDI needs to adopt a security scheme used for the SSL protocol,Extranet encrypts the packets exchanged between senders and receivers using the public key cryptography,Electronic Cash and Micropayments,Smart Cards,The concept of e-cash is used in the non-Internet environment,Plastic cards with magnetic stripes(old technology),Includes IC chips with programmable functions on them which makes cards“smart”,One e-cash card for one application,Recharge the card only at designated locations,such as bank office or a kiosk.Future:recharge at your PC,e.g.Mondex&VisaCash,Mondex Makes Shopping Easy,Shopping with Mondex,Adding money to the card,Payments in a new era of electronic,shopping,Paying on the Internet,Electronic Money,DigiCash,The analogy of paper money or coins,Expensive,as each payment transaction must be reported to the bank and recorded,Conflict with the role of central banks bill issuance,Legally,DigiCash is not supposed to issue more than an electronic gift certificate even though it may be accepted by a wide number of member stores,Stored Value Cards,Electronic Money,(cont.),No issuance of money,Debit card a delivering vehicle of cash in an electronic form,Either anonymous or onymous,Advantage of an anonymous card,the card may be given from one person to another,Also implemented on the Internet without employment of an IC card,Smart card-based e-cash,Can be recharged at home through the Internet,Can be used on the Internet as well as in a non-Internet environment,Ceiling of Stored Values,To prevent the abuse of stored values in money laundry,S$500 in Singapore;HK$3,000 in Hong Kong,Multiple Currencies,Can be used for cross border payments,Electronic Money,(cont.),Contactless IC Cards,Proximity Card,Used to access buildings and for paying in buses and other transportation systems,Bus,subway and toll card in many cities,Amplified Remote Sensing Card,Good for a range of up to 100 feet,and can be used for tolling moving vehicles at gates,Pay toll without stopping(e.g.Highway 91 in California),Electronic Check Systems,Check,Signature,Remittance,Invoice,Secure Envelope,Remittance,Check,Signature,Certificate,Certificate,Remittance,Secure Envelope,Certificate,Certificate,Endorsement,Certificate,Certificate,Signature“Card”,Signature,“Card”,Workstation,Mall statement,E-Check line item,Payers Bank,Debit account,Payees Bank,Credit account,E-Mail,WWW,ACH,ECP,Clear Check,Deposit check,Payer,Payee,E-mail,Account,Receivable,Procedure of Financial Service Technology Consortium Prototype,Electronic Checkbook,Electronic Check Systems,(cont.),Counterpart of electronic wallet,To be integrated with the accounting information system of business buyers and with the payment server of sellers,To save the electronic invoice and receipt of payment in the buyers and sellers computers for future retrieval,Example:SafeCheck,Used mainly in B2B,Payers,checkbook,agent,Payees,check-receipt,agent,Payer,Payee,Issue a check,Receipt,A/C,DB,A/C,DB,control,agent of,payers,bank,control,agent of,payees,bank,clearing,Checkbook,screened result,Request of,screening check,issuance,present,report,payers bank,payees bank,Internet,The Architecture of SafeCheck,32,Prentice Hall,2000,Integrating Payment Methods,Two potential consolidations:,The on-line electronic check is merging with EFT,The electronic check with a designated settlement date is merging with electronic credit cards,Security First Network Bank(SFNB),First cyberbank,Lower service charges to challenge the service fees of traditional banks,Visa,VisaCash is a debit card,ePay is an EFT service,How Many Cards are Appropriate?,An onymous card,is necessary to,keep the certificates for,credit cards,EFT,and,electronic checkbooks,The stored value in,IC card can be delivered,in an anonymous mode,Malaysias Multimedia Supper Corridor project,pursues a One-Card system,Relationship Card by Visa is also attempting,a one card system,Five Security Tips,Dont reveal your online Passcode to anyone.If you think your online Passcode has been compromised,change it immediately.,Dont walk away from your computer if you are in the middle of a session.,Once you have finished conducting your banking on the Internet,always sign off before visiting other Internet sites.,If anyone else is likely to use your computer,clear your cache or turn off and re-initiate your browser in order to eliminate copies of Web pages that have been stored in your hard drive.,Bank of America strongly recommends that you use a browser with 128-bit encryption to conduct secure financial transactions over the Internet.,Managerial Issues,Security solution providers,can cultivate the opportunity of providing solutions for the secure electronic payment systems,Electronic payment system solution providers,can offer various types of electronic payment systems to electronic stores and banks,Electronic stores,should select an appropriate set of electronic payment systems,Banks,need to develop cyberbank services to be compatible with the various electronic payment system,Credit card brand companies,need to develop an EC standard like SET,and watch the acceptance by customers,Smart card brand,should develop a business model in cooperation with application sectors and banks,Certificate authority,needs to identify the types of certificate to provide,36,Prentice Hall,2000,