华工流体力学复习提纲.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 2,Fluid flow,流体流动,fluid statics and its application,Nature of fluids,Density,密度,Incompressible fluid,不可压缩流体,Compressible fluid,可压缩流体,Pressure,压强,(,压力,),Independent of direction,Unit,SI,制：,N/m,2,或,Pa,，,mmHg,，,mH,2,O,P,g,=P,abs,P,atm,P,v,=P,atm,-P,abs,Hydrostatic equilibrium,静力学方程,hydrostatic equation application,应用,U tube manometer,U,形压差计旳计算式,Limitation:,合用：静止、连续旳同种不可压缩性流体,；,Incompressible fluid,、,Continuous fluid,压力形式,能量形式,Solution:,图,(a)p=Rg(,m,-),；,图,(b)p=Rg(,m,-,空,)=Rg,m,；,图,(c)p=Rg(,m,-,E,),图,(d)p=Rg,m,-hg,。,Chapter3,Fluid-flow phenomena,流体旳流动现象,Ideal fluid,理想流体,Has zero viscosity,Potential flow has two characteristics:,Irrigational flow,There is no friction loss,Newtonian fluid,牛顿型流体,the proportionality constant,For gas,it increases with temperature,For liquid,it decreases with temperature,1PaS=10 P,（,泊）,=1000 cP,(,厘 泊,),一、,牛顿粘性定律,Laminar flow,层流,/,滞流,fluid flows in parallel straight lines,.,without lateral mixing,Laminar and turbulent flow,滞流和湍流,Turbulent flow,湍流,fluid moves erratically in form of crosscurrents and eddies,Reynolds number,雷诺准数,Re,2100,flow is laminar flow,滞流,Re,4000,flow is turbulence,湍流,2100 Re4000,a transition,flow,过渡流,Flow in boundary layers,边界层定义,Laminar and turbulent flow in boundary layers,Boundary-layer formation in straight tubes,流体在管内边界层旳发展,Boundary-layer separation and wake formation,边界层旳分离,Chapter 4,basic equations of fluid flow,流体动力学,Mass balance,连续性方程,incompressible fluid,flow through the station a and b,Mechanical energy balance,柏努力方程,J/kg,m,pa,应用范围,For incompressible flow(,不可压缩流体,.),2.Without friction loss,3.For unit,Chap5,Incompressible flow in pipes and channels,流体流动阻力,=4,f,Shear stress and skin friction in pipes,直管阻力,直管阻力通式（范宁公式,Flow in noncircular channel,非圆形管内旳流动阻力,当量直径直径,d,e,替代非圆形管,d,Velocity distribution in a pipe,流体在圆管内速度分布,层流流动时，平均速度与最大速度旳关系：,u=0.5u,max,湍流流动时，平均速度与最大速度旳关系：,u=0.87u,max,Hagen-Poiseuille equation,哈根一泊谡叶公式,Turbulent flow in pipes,湍流流动,Laminar flow in pipes,层流流动,friction factor and friction coefficient chart,莫狄（,Moody,）摩擦因数图,Friction from changes in velocity or direction,局部阻力计算,Friction loss from sudden expansion of cross section,Friction loss from sudden contraction of cross section,Effect of fittings and valves,u,-,小管平均流速,Pipe Flow Systems,管路计算,Single Pipes,简朴管路,Multiple,Pipes Systems,复杂管路,Chapter 6flow past immersed bodies,非均相物系分离,Terminal velocity,laminar,层流区,(,Stokes,区,),：,Re,p,1,Transition,(,过渡区,),：,Allen,law,turbulent,(,湍流区,),：,Newton,law,Separation equipments,Gravity settling processes,gravity settling chamber,Centrifugal settling processes,cyclone separator,Critical diameter,Filtration,discontinuous pressure filters,Principles of cake filtration,Constant-pressure filtration,【7-66】,Filtration equation of constant pressure,【7-70】,Continuous filtration,【7-74】,therefore,【7-75】,Washing filter cakes,Chapter8 transportation and metering of fluids,Developed head,Power requirement,power supplied to the pump drive from an external source,Suction lift and cavitation,no liquid can be drawn when,cavitation occurs,air bound,Suction lift,To avoid cavitation,the pressure in station 2,must,Centrifugal pump theory,Effects of speed and impeller size change,Characteristic curves;head-capacity relation,characteristic curve,Centrifugal-pump characteristics,characteristic curve,to decrease speed,to increase speed,System head curve,system curve,System curve,Operating point,system curve,Operating point,Operating point change,to decrease speed,to increase speed,Operational point,Operation in parallel and in series of centrifugal pump,in parallel,in series,Measurement of flowing fluids,Venturi meter,(8-34),Orifice meter,Area meters:Rot meters,Calibration,Installation,Direction of flow through,modification,Picot tube,measure the local velocity,(8-48),Chapter 10,Heat Transfer,Conduction,(10-2),Direction of heat flow,conductivity,Convection,Newtons law of cooling,Coefficient depends on,the flow patterns,the thermal properties of the fluid,Radiation,The energy emitted is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature.,Steady-state conduction,heat transfer through,flat slab,heat transfer through cylinder,Compound resistance in series,overall thermal resistance,total temperature drop,Chap11 Principles of heat flow in fluids,Countercurrent and parallel-current flows,parallel,Single-pass shell-and-tube condenser,t,1,t,2,Temperature,C,Length of tube,m,t,Temp of condensing vapor,T,Temp of cool fluid,Energy balances,q=m,h,C,ph,(,T,h,1,-T,h,2,)=,m,c,C,pc,(,t,c,2,-t,c,1,),(11-6),Overall heat-transfer coefficient,Special cases of the overall coefficient,Average temperature of fluid stream,Where,Chap12 Heat transfer to fluids without phase change,Heat transfer by forced convection in turbulent flow,(12-30),Chap13Heat transfer to fluids with phase change,Heat transfer from condensing vapors,Dropwise and film-type condensation,(13-14),vertical tubes,Horizontal tubes,noncondensing gas,Pool boiling of saturated liquid,natural convection,Nucleate boiling.,film boiling,Chap14,Radiation heat transfer,Chap.15,heat-exchange equipment,Shell-and-tube heat exchangers,multipass,Temperature difference,Enhance,Provision for thermal expansion,Operation in parallel and in series,