书面表达复习计划.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,English Writing,Wafangdian,Senior Middle School,Leng,Na,the Trend of English writing in college entrance examination,Analyses of some Common Mistakes in English Writing,Marking criterion,Writing tips,Content,历年高考书面表达题,年份,题型,体裁,2005,图画式,记叙文,2006,图画式,记叙文,2007,提纲式,应用文,2008,提纲式,议论文,2009,提纲式,应用文,辽宁命题趋势,虽然每年的书面表达都属于提示型写作，但越来越重视创造情景，由单纯汉语提示转向图表提示为主，汉语提示为辅。考生必须首先理解图画或表格的含义，然后才能开始组句成文。,文体类型丰富，名人传记、活动记事、情况汇报、学校介绍、求职自荐、趣味故事等内容。文体呈多样化。,题材内容丰富贴近生活,。,常见错误分析,(,括号中为正确的表达方式,),1.,单词拼写错误,单词拼写错误率极高，许多考生甚至出现很低级的错误。比如,:litter(little),perfer,(prefer),intresting,(interesting),famlies,(families),chioce,(choice),ourself,(ourselves),stroy,(story),agaist,(against),等。,2.,词语搭配不当或用词不准确,考生对常用短语、表达法掌握不够，出现不当搭配。比如,:look book(read the book),look the film(see the film),Many people cost much money(spend much money),prefer to seeing the film(prefer to see the film),spend us a short time(takes us a short time),after read the book(after reading the book),write skill(writing skill),等。,3.,画蛇添足,有些考生在全文结束时画蛇添足,加上一句错误的问句。比如,:Are you agree?/So what do you choice?,4.,汉语式英语,在书面表达中所体现的中文式思维是极为普遍的现象。如：,Seeing the film will save much time./Seeing films are convenient.,5.,交白卷或抄与题材无关的段落,经抽样发现，,0,分试卷约占,3.9%,左右，这些得,0,分的考生中，有的是只字未写，有的是虽有所写却未能传达给读者任何信息，而有的则是挑选阅读材料中的其中一段抄下来。,6.,书写潦草,在阅卷中发现，有相当一部分考生的作文卷面不清，书写潦草，影响信息的传递。评分原则中有一条表明：若书写较差，影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。,7.,语言平乏，词汇档次欠高,不少考生大脑记忆库词汇量储存不够，难以灵活运用语言，导致语言平乏，同一种表达重复较多。,8.,文章缺乏连贯性,有些考生在词汇的运用和内容的表达上都基本达到要求，但由于句与句，段与段之间没有添加恰当的连接成分，使句子之间和段落之间缺乏必要的过渡和衔接，影响了表达的效果。,9.,死背范文,部分考生死背范文，表达不灵活。例如，有些考生不管所给首句，文不对题地顾自另起一句：“,Im writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether”,1.,句子缺谓语,The building like a match box.,2.,主谓不一致，尤其是单数第三人称作主语时，谓语的单复数形式出现错误。,A worker of the farm lead us to the field.,Correction,The building looks like a match box.,A worker of the farm leads us to the field.,3.,时态错误,When he came back,he found that his wife has gone to bed.,4.,词性混用,If anyone against the plan,please let me know.,When he came back,he found that his wife had gone to bed.,If anyone is against the plan,please let me know.,5.,介词误用,In my surprise,he has got the first prize.,6.,冠词误用,We elected Li,Hua,the monitor of the Class Five.,7.,名词的数混淆,It is rare to see such a nice weather in Beijing.,To my surprise,he has got the first prize.,We elected Li,Hua,monitor of the Class Five.,It is rare to see such nice weather in Beijing.,8.,动词用法错误,Where are you come from?,9.,习惯用法错误,1)I and My parents were working in the fields at that time.,2)The reason is because he does not know what to do next.,Where do you come from?,My parents and I were working in the fields at that time.,The reason is that he does not know what to do next.,书面表达各档次的给分范围和要求,第五档（,21-25,分）,完全完成了试题规定的任务。,准确、清楚地表达了短文的内容，要点无遗漏,应用了较多的语法结构和词汇,语法结构和词汇有少许错误，但为尽可能使用较复杂表达方式,所致；具备较强的语言应用能力,有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑,完全达到了预期的写作目的。,第四档（,16-20,分）,完成了试题规定的任务。,比较准确、清楚地表达了短文的内容,应用语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求,语法结构和词汇应用基本准确，少许错误主要是因为尝试较复,杂语言结构或词汇所致,应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑,达到了预期的写作目的。,第三档（,11-15,分）,基本完成了试题规定的任务。,能说出短文的基本内容，但逻辑关系较混乱，要点有遗漏，,没有写自己的认识,应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求,有一些语法结构和词汇的错误，但不影响理解,应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯,整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。,第二档（,6-10,分）,未恰当完成试题规定的任务。,未能清楚地表达短文的内容，写了一些无关内容,语法结构简单，词汇项目有限,有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解,较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性,信息未能清楚地传达给读者。,How can we write a good composition?,1.Recite some usually applied sentences,2.Apply good sentence patterns,3.Apply good transitional words and phrases,4.Apply advanced words and phrases.,5.Good handwriting,6.Six writing steps,1.Recite some usually applied sentences,一,.,开头句型,1).As far as.is concerned 2).It goes without saying that.3).It can be said with certainty that.4).As the proverb says,，,5).It has to be noticed that.,二,.,衔接句型,A case in point is.,As is often the case.,As is stated in the previous paragraph,如前段所述,But the problem is not so simple.Therefore,然而问题并非如此简单，所以,But its a pity that.,三,.,结尾句型,I will conclude by saying.,Therefore,we have the reason to believe that.,All things considered,总而言之,It may be safely said that.,Therefore,in my opinion,its more advisable.,四,.,举例句型,Lets take.to illustrate this.,试举例以兹证明,lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.,Here is one more example.,Take for example.,The same is true of.,五 常用于引言段的句型,Some people think that.To be frank,I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.,For years,has been seen as,but things are quite different now.,I believe the title statement is valid because.,I cannot entirely agree with the idea that.I believe.,How can we write a good composition?,1.Recite some usually applied sentences,2.Apply good sentence patterns,3.Apply good transitional words and phrases,4.Apply advanced words and phrases.,5.Good handwriting,6.Six writing steps,一 改变时态,例,:The bell is ringing now.,一般,There,goes the bell.,特殊,二 改变语态,例,:People suggest that the conference be put off.,一般,It is suggested that the conference,be put off,.,特殊,三 使用不定式,例,:He is so kind that he can help me.,一般,He is so kind as,to help me.,特殊,四 使用过去分词,例,:She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.,一般,Followed,by many students,she walked out of the lab.,特殊,.,五 使用现在分词,例,:,If the weather permits,I will come tomorrow.,一般,I will come tomorrow,weather permitting,.,特殊,六 使用名词性从句,1 He didnt turn up.It disappointed everybody.,一般,The fact,that he,didn,t turn up,disappointed everybody.,特殊,2.To his surprise,the little girl knows,so many things.,一般,What surprises him,is that the little girl,knows so many things.,特殊,七 使用定语从句,例,;The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written.,一般,The girl,whose composition was well written,is spoken highly of.,特殊,八 使用状语从句,例：,I wont believe what he says.,一般,No matter what he says,I wont believe.,特殊,九 使用虚拟语气,例,:The ship didnt sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.,一般,But for,the efforts of the captain,the ship would have sunk with all on board.,特殊,十 使用倒装句型,例,:Though Im weak Ill make the effort.,一般,Weak as I am,Ill make the effort.,特殊,Describe the following pictures,1.,他是一个八岁的男孩,A.He is a boy and he is eight years old,B.He is a boy,who is eight,C.He is a boy of eight,2.,那女子笑着说“此事很奇怪,A,“,It is very strange”the woman said and smiled,B,“,It is very strange”the woman said,with a smile,C,“,It is very,strange”said,the woman,smiling,3.,当他从车上摔下时，有人正经过。,A.Some one was passing by when he fell off,B.Some one happened to be passing by when he fell off his bike,4.,哥哥骑车带着我,A.My brother was riding a bike and,I sat at the back of it.,B.My,brother was riding with me sitting,on the seat back,How can we write a good composition?,1.Recite some usually applied sentences,2.Apply good sentence patterns,3.Apply good transitional words and phrases,4.Apply advanced words and phrases.,5.Good handwriting,6.Six writing steps,递进型：,besides,，,whats more,，,let alone,，,to say nothing of,，,what was worse,moreover even,等；,解释型：,that is,（,to say,），,in other words,，,or,，,in the same way,，,等；,转折型：,however,，,but,，,yet,，,although,，,otherwise,instead,等；,列举型：,firstlysecondlyfinally,，,first,，,at first,，,at last,，,next,举例型：,for example,such as,that is,for instance,等；,因果型：,because,（,of,），,since,，,as,，,therefore,，,so,，,as a result,，,thanks to,，,thus,，,owing to,，,seeing that,等；,强调型：,above all,，,indeed,，,surely,，,certainly,，,of course,，,after all,，,at least,，,at most,，,first of all,，,等；,归纳总结型：,in conclusion,，,in a word,，,to sum up,in short,in general,generally speaking,等；,How can we write a good composition?,1.Recite some usually applied sentences,2.Apply good sentence patterns,3.Apply good transitional words and phrases,4.Apply advanced words and phrases.,5.Good handwriting,6.Six writing steps,6.Six writing steps,Step1,仔细审题,Step2.,理清要点,Step3.,译写单句,Step4.,连句成篇,Step5.,检查润色,Step6.,定稿誊写,中央号召创建节约型社会，可是许多校园内部浪费现象严重。请你在班会上发表演讲，号召同学们从我做起，杜绝浪费。,提示：,1,、浪费现象：水、电、餐厅的食物及其他；,2,、危害,:,自身性格，父母财政负担，自然资,源；,3,、制止浪费现象的措施：由自己设想。,要求：,1,、词数,150,左右；演讲的开头和结尾,已写好,不记入总词数。,2,、不要逐字逐条翻译，要组成一篇,通顺连贯的短文。,Step1,仔细审题,-A speech,Para.1,Measures,Phenomena,Harm,Para.3,Para.2,Step2.,理清要点,Step3.,译写单句,&Step4.,连句成篇,Para.1,Phenomena,have lights on,order too much food and,leave leftovers on the table,Some students,have the lights on,in the daytime,.,Some students,order too much food and leave a lot of leftovers on the table.,Some ask their parents for a lot of pocket money and spend too much on snacks or drinks.,use paper casually,spend pocket money on snacks,Some students,leave tap water running,after washing,.,leave tap water running,Para.2,Harm,have a bad effect on ones,character building,add financial burden to ones,parents,use up the worlds limited natural,resources,(school)b,urden,with extra,expenditure(,开支,).,The bad habit of being wasteful will have,a bad effect on their own character.It adds financial burden to their parents.The worlds limited natural resources will be used up,soon,.,Para.3,Measures,have a clear awareness of the,serious situation,educate students in school,set rules,start from oneself,take the lead in reducing the,waste,In my opinion,we should have a clear awareness of the serious situation.We should educate the students to form the good habit.We should start with ourselves and take the lead in reducing the waste to save everything.,Some students leave tap water running after washing.Some students have the lights on in the daytime.Some students order too much food and leave a lot of leftovers,on the table.Some ask their parents for a lot of pocket money and spend too much on snacks or drinks.,The bad habit of being wasteful will have a bad effect on their own character.It adds financial burden to their parents.The worlds limited natural resources will be used up soon.,In my opinion,we should have a clear awareness of the serious situation.We should educate the students to form the good habit.We should start with ourselves and take the lead in reducing the waste to save everything.,117 words,Step5.,检查润色,Some students leave tap water running after washing.Some students have the lights on in the daytime.Some students order too much food and leave much leftovers on the table.Some ask their parents for a lot of pocket money and spend too much on snacks or drinks.,The students leave tap water running after washing and have the lights on in the daytime,which means a huge waste of water and electricity.Some students get into a bad habit of ordering much delicious food in the canteen but they dont eat all the food,leaving much on the table.Some ask their parents for a lot of pocket money.So it is high time we had to deal with the problem.The reasons are as follows:,在表达准确、保持连贯的基础上,尽量使用较复杂的语法结构和较高,级的词汇,;,Comment,The bad habit of being wasteful will have a bad effect on their own character.It adds financial burden to their parents.The worlds limited natural resources will be used up.,In the first place,the bad habit of being,wasteful will have a bad effect on their,own character.Secondly,it adds financial,burden to their parents.Last but not least,the worlds limited natural resources,such as water and electricity,will be used up soon.,First of all Firstly,To begin with,In addition,Besides,Moreover,Whats more,Finally,Whats worse,在,表达准确、,保持连贯的基础上,尽量使用较复杂的语法结构和较高,级的词汇,;,恰当使用过渡词或过渡句,使文章,结构紧凑,;,Comment,In my opinion,we should have a clear awareness of the serious situation.We should educate the students to form the good habit.We should start with ourselves and take the lead in reducing the waste to save everything.,But how can we reduce waste?In my,opinion,it is everybodys duty to fight,against waste.On the one hand,I should,start with myself to save everything.On,the other hand,Id like to remind my,friends here to take the lead in reducing,the waste.,As far as I am concerned,I think,only when all of us are fully aware of its seriousness can the situation be improved.On the one hand,it is necessary for schools to educate every student not to waste anything in any form and on the other hand every one of us should start with ourselves to fight against waste.,It is not until all of us are,involved in the activity,that we can bring the situation under control.,在,表达准确、,保持连贯的基础上,尽量使用较复杂的语法结构和较,高级的词汇,;,恰当使用过渡词或过渡句,使文章,结构紧凑,;,适当地变换句型结构和所用词汇,尽量避免重复和单调。,Comment,Nowdays,it is common that,the students,have,tap water,running,after washing and,leave,the lights,on,in the daytime,which means,a,huge,waste of,water and electricity.Some students,get into a bad habit of,ordering much delicious food in the canteen,but,they dont eat all the food,leaving,much on the table.Some even,ask,their parents,for,a lot of pocket money.,So it is high time we had to deal with the problem.,The reasons are,as follows,:,Sample:,In the first place,the bad habit of being wasteful will,have a bad effect on,their own character.,Secondly,it,adds,financial burden,to,their parents.,Last but not least,it also,exhausts,the worlds limited natural resources,such as,water and electricity.,But how,can we reduce waste?,In my,opinion,it is,everybodys,duty to,fight,against,waste.,On the one hand,I should,start with myself,to save everything.,On the other hand,Id like to,remind,my friends here,to take the lead in,reducing the waste.,题目：根据以下提示，用英语写一篇介绍香港的短文，字数,100,字左右。,香港位于中国的东南部，面积,1045,平方公里，人口,600,多万，被称为“东方明珠”。,1842,年鸦片战争后，当时的中国政府被迫将香港割让给英国。,1997,年她已回到祖国的怀抱，其前景会更美好。,参考词汇：明珠,pearl,，,鸦片,opium,。,第四步：连句成篇,Hong Kong lies in the southeast of China.Her area is 1,045k,and,(.Her)population is more than 6 million.,She was given up to Britain after the 1842 Opium War.In 1997,she returned to motherland,and,(.Her)future is very beautiful.,第五步：检查润色,Hong Kong lies in the southeast of China.,she has an area of,(,Her area is,)1,045k,and,(.Her),has a population of more than 6 million,(,population is more than 6 million),.,She is well-known as“the Pearl of the East”,.,In 1842,She was given up to Britain,by the then Chinese government,after the 1842 Opium War,and the people in Hong Kong lived a hard life.,In 1997,she returned to motherland,and the people of Hong Kong are and will be working hard to make her more beautiful.,(.Her)future is very beautiful.,