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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,1.to do 2.-ing 3.done,第1页,非谓语,不定式（to do),V-ing,V-ed,as a noun,as adj.or adv.,现在分词,动名词,过去分词,非谓语动词 分类,第2页,使用条件,一个句子,当中，已经存在一个,主句,（谓语,动词）,又没有连词,情况下,还有别动词出现时,这些动词就充当了,非谓语动词.,非谓语动词,第3页,Smoking is bad for health.,2.His hobby is swimming.,3.,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,4.The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.,5.He decided to try again.,找出以下句子中非谓语动词（含短语）,is,is,heard,is,decided,第4页,非谓语动词句法作用,非谓语,动词,主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾补,状语,不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词,第5页,第6页,一,、考查非谓语动词作主语,能作主语非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者,区分是：表示某一,详细,动作时，多用,不定式,；表示比,较,抽象普通行为,倾向，多用,动名词,。动名词作主语,时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it,作形式主语放在句首。,1),Smoking,is prohibited(禁止)here.,2)It is not very good for you,to smoke,so much.,3),Collecting information,is very important to,business men.,4),Driving a car,during the rush hour is tiring.,(抽象),(详细),第7页,Itbe名词/形容词todo,Itbe形容词 for sb/of sbtodo,It takes/took sb+时间+to do,It is necessary _(spend)enough time on English if you want to learn it well.,to spend,第8页,1).,To make a plan first,is a good idea.,=It is a good idea to make a plan first.,2).It takes three hours,to walk there,.,It is possible for him,to master the art of speaking,.,It was careless of him,to break the coffee,cup.,=He was careless to break the coffee cup.,第9页,2.动名词或不定式都能够在句中作主语，但在以下句型中惯用动名词作主语。,It is/was,no use/good,not any use/good,of little use/good,useless,+doing sth.,It is no use,crying,over spilt milk.,It is of little good,staying up,too late every day.,若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式,上一致。,Seeing,is,believing.,To see,is,to believe.,第10页,二、考查非谓语动词作宾语,不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词宾语。,1.,有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：,want,wish,hope,manage,demand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect,等。,第11页,2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如,：,admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,deny.,1)I cant stand _ with Jane in the same,office.She just refuses _ talking while,she works.,A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping,C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop,2)He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.,A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lost,C,B,第12页,3.有些动词如,intend,start,continue,后既能够跟不定式又能够跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区分,。,I intend to finish/finishing the task this,morning.,但love,like,hate,prefer后接动名词表示经常性行为；接不定式表示详细行为。,1).,I like _ very much,but I dont,like _ this afternoon.,A.swimming,swimming,B.to swim,to swim,C.swimming,to swim,D.to swim,swimming,C,第13页,2).Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening,A.to be taken B.to take,C.being taken D.taking,A,A,第14页,4,.,既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,但不定,式用被动式形式；动名词用主动式形式。,句子意思没有差异。,但句子得主语普通是,一表物名词或代词。,这类动词主要有：,want,、,need,、,require,等。,1)Your watch needs,repairing to be repaired,.,2)The windows need,painting again to be,painted again.,第15页,5.,有些动词后既能够跟不定式，又能够跟动名词作宾,语，但意义上有区分。如,forget,remember,mean,regret,stop,try,go on,cant help,等。,remember/forget/regret+v-ing,表已经发生动作，,remember/forget/regret+v-ing 表动作还没有发生,。,mean doing 意思是；意味着,mean to do 意欲，打算要做,stop to do 停下来要做,stop doing 停顿正在做动作,try doing 试着做,try to do sth.试图做,cant help doing sth.情不自禁，不禁,cant help(to)do sth.不能帮忙做,第16页,1).If you think treating a woman well means,always _ her permission for things,think,again.,A.gets B.got C.to get D.getting,2).When asked by the police,he said that he,remembered _ at the party,but not,_.,A.to arrive;leaving B.to arrive;to leave,C.arriving;leaving D.arriving;to leave,D,C,第17页,6.1).I have no choice but,to accept,the fact.,2).Isnt it time you got down to _ the,papers?,A.mark B.be marked,C.being marked D.marking,3).Victor apologized for _ to inform me,of the change in the plan.,A.his being not able B.him not to be able,C.his not being able D.him to be not able,介词后可接动名词或不定式作宾语。,D,C,第18页,Practice,As the twentieth century came to a close,the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand,waiting _.,A.to use B.to be used,C.to have used D.to be using,After he became conscious,he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod.,A.to attack;hit,B.to be attacked;to be hit,C.attacking;be hit,D.having been attacked;hit,B,D,第19页,下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词,1.非谓语动词七大经典标准,2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤,非谓语动词题做题技巧,第20页,一.非谓语动词,七大经典标准,第21页,标准一：,用作目标状语，标准上要用不定式,When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.,A.training B.being trained,C.to have trained D.to be trained,【解析】因为进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿目标，所以要用不定式，所以可排除 A 和 B。另外，因为“他”与“训练”为被动关系，,故选 D。,第22页,2._ this cake，youll need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and 175 g flour.,A.Having made B.Make,C.To make D.Making,第23页,3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _，and asked myself what I was going to do.,A.moved B.moving,C.to move D.Being moved,【解析】因为与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时连续了一会 儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。,标准二,：,用作伴随状语，标准上要用-ing.,第24页,4.He sat _ to her _ the stairs.,A.to listen;to climb,B.listening;to climb,C.listening;climb,D.listening;to climbing,【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出，所以用-ing作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带to不定式/-ing作宾补,。,listen to do/doing,第25页,用括号里词适当形式填空,1.Write to the editor,_that the editor would be able to help her（hope）,2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there,_ on a big rock(rest ),3.The secretary worked late into night,_ a long speech.(prepare),4._ warm,we shut all the windows.,(keep,),preparing,to rest,hoping,To keep,ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目标状语区分：,作伴随状语ing形式与谓语动词动作同时发生且,前面经常带一逗号;而作目标状语不定式动作要在,谓语动词动作之后发生前面不能用逗号。,第26页,标准三：,用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其标准区分是，普通用-ing，表示一定逻辑结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑结果，即结果在意料之外,。,5.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day.,A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let,【解析 此处用-ing 表示自然而然结果。,如：It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that place.,大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。,第27页,6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.,A.have reached B.reaching,C.to reach D.to be reaching,第28页,8.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.,A.to tell B.to be told,C.telling D.told,7.He hurried to the station,only _ that the train had left.,A.to find B.finding,C.found D.to have found,【解析】only to do sth,在此表示出人意料结果。,第29页,标准四,：,凡是含有被动意义时，标准上要用过去分词。,不过，假如所包括动作还未发生，则用不定式被动,式；假如所包括动作正在进行，则用-ing被动式.,9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.,A.to be heard B.to have heard,C.hearing D.being heard,【解析】依据句意，此处指是“被听见”，故要用被动式，所以可排除 B 和C。另外，因为“设法被听见”为目标状语，动作当初还未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。,第30页,10.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.,A.opened and closed,B.to be opened and closed,C.being opened and closed,D.to open and close,【解析】of 后应接-ing，desks 与open and close 之间存在逻辑上被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选-ing被动式表正在被进行动作。,of,第31页,11.When she came in,she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her.,A.seating;fixing B.to seat;fixing,C.having seated;fixed D.seated;fixed,a stranger,his,eyes,sitting,seat,vt,.,I seated myself,.,=I was seated,.,=I sat down,fix ones eyes upon,第32页,1.seat和sit作为动词，都能够表示“坐”意思。,(1)seat是及物动词，比较正式，常以被动形式表示主动意义。如：,He is seated between Jack and Tom.,她坐在杰克和汤姆之间。,Please be seated.(=Please seat yourself.),(2)sit通常作不及物动词用，比较口语化。如：,The students are sitting at their desks.,学生们正坐在课桌旁。,Sit down,please.,2.seat还可作名词用(而sit只能作动词用)，常见短语take a seat(相当于have a seat或take ones seat)，意为“坐下，就座”。如：,Take your seat,please.请就坐。,第33页,标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语标准上应与主句主语保持一致.,12.Faced with a bill for$10,000，_.,A.John has taken an extra job,B.the boss has given John an extra job,C.an extra job has been taken,D.an extra job has been given to John,(be)faced with,Faced with,第34页,13.While watching television，_.,A.the door bell rang,B.the doorbell rings,C.we heard the doorbell ring,D.we heard the doorbell rings,【解析】因为 watching 逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和 B；,又因在hear后作宾补是省略了 to 不定式,，所以选项 D 中 rings 是错误。,watching,第35页,标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，标准上要用完成式（依据情况,可用不定式完,成式或ing完成式）,14._ from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.,A.Being separated B.Having separated,C.Having been separated D.to be separated,【解析】因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separate发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用-ing完成被动式作原因状语。,has,第36页,15.The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us，left the meeting room.,A.who has made B.having made,C.made D.making,【解析】因为 The manager 与 make 是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用-ing完成式作状语，having made.相当于 who had made.意思。,left,第37页,16.Li Ming is said _ abroad.Do you know what,country,Yes,In London.,A.to have studied B.to study,C.to be studying D.to have been studying,he studied in?,he will study in?,he studies in?,C,A,B,is,sb is said to do 听说,第38页,标准七：用于名词后作定语时，标准是：,用不定式，表示动作还未发生;,用-ing，表示动作正在进行;,用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。,17.There will be more than three hundred scientists,attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow.,A.hold B.holding C.held D.to be held,18.There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of,the Art Gallery to have a look at,Van Goghs paintings.,A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait,the meeting,the day after tomorrow,visitors,第39页,19.“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.,A.lost B.losing C.to lost D.have lost,20.The last one _ pays the meal.,Agreed!,A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving,Things,The last one,lose,vt.,lose sb/sth,注：受 the first，the second.the last 修饰,名词或代词后标准上要用不定式作定语。,You are the second to make that mistake.,你是第二个犯这错误人。,第40页,标准一：用作目标状语，,标准二：用作伴随状语，,标准三：用作结果状语，,标准四：凡是含有被动意义时，,标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，,标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作,之前时，,标准七：用于名词后作定语时，,标准一：用作目标状语，标准上用不定式.,标准二：用作伴随状语，标准上用-ing.,标准三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/to do,标准区分是：,-ing 表示一定逻辑结果，to do 表示非逻辑结果。,标准四:凡是有被动意义时，标准上要用过去分词。,假如动作还未发生，则用不定式被动形式；,假如动作正在进行，则用-ing被动形式。,标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，标准上其逻辑主语应与,主句主语保持一致。,标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，标准上,要用完成式（-ing 完成式或不定式完成式）,标准七：用于名词后作定语，标准是：不定式表示动作,还未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。,第41页,二.非谓语动词解题,四大步骤,第42页,（一）分析句子结构,区分“谓语与非谓语”,_many times,but he still couldnt understand it.,2._ many times,he still couldnt understand it.,Having been told B.Being told,C.He had been told D.Though he was told,C,_,A,注意连词,第43页,3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.,4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.,is B.to be C.being,D.It being E.It was F.been,C,E,注意标点符号,没有连词连接,独立主格结构，其逻辑主语与句子主语不一样，它独立存在；普通有逗号与主句分开；名词或代词与其后分词，形容词，不定式或介词是逻辑上主谓关系。如：It being Christmas,the government offices were closed.,因为圣诞节缘故，政府机关都休息了。,There being nothing to do,we went home.,没别事可做我们就回家了。,第44页,二.分析逻辑主语,确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍含有动词特点，,其逻辑上动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语,。非谓语动词,作状语,时，其逻辑主语须和句子真正主语,一致,。若不一致，则须,加上,自己逻辑主语,。,怎么加?,第45页,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍含有动词特点，其逻辑上动作执行者就叫做,逻辑主语,，尤其是当非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是主句主语，若不然，则得加上自己逻辑主语，这时就组成,独立主格,。,第46页,（二）找逻辑主语,1.Walking along the street one day,she saw,a little girl running up to her.,2.She is reading a book found on the way.,3.Most of the artists invited to the party were,from South Africa.,一般来说，,非谓语动词,作状语,逻,辑主语是,句子主语；,非谓语动词,作宾补,逻辑主语是,宾语；,非谓语动词,作定语,逻辑主语是,被修饰词,。,第47页,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是,主动,还是,被动,关系。,_from space,the earth looks blue.,2._from space,we can see the earth is blue.A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See,A,B,解析：句1.“地球”被“看起来”，表,被动,，故选,A,，,用过去分词表被动。句2.我们主动看.即表,主动,，故选,B,。,（,三）分析语态,第48页,A.to take B.taking,C.to be taken D.taken,D,B,Everything,they,1._ everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.,2.Everything _into consideration,they ought to have another chance.,第49页,（四）,分析时态,1.The building _ now will be a restaurant.,2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.,3.The building _ last year is a restaurant.,having been built B.to be built,C.being built,D.built,_,C,_,B,_,D,第50页,二.找逻辑主语,三、分析语态,四、分析时态,一.区分“谓与非谓”,三.非谓语动词解题步骤,方法总结：,谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态,第51页,Practice,Challenge yourself!,第52页,1.A railway station is no place for a child _ alone at night.,A.leave B.leaving C.to be leaving D.to be left,2.We were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight,stomach upset,（消化不良，肠胃不适）.,A.not to eat B.not eating C.to eat not D.eating not,3._ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each,other stories.,A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep D.To have kept,4._ these children _ what you want is a science I,can tell you!,A.Getting;done B.Get;done,C.To get;to do D.Getting;to do,5.When youre learning to drive，_ a good teacher makes,a big difference.,A.have B.having C.and have D.and having,第53页,6.A few days after the interview，I received a letter _,me the job.,A.offered B.offering C.to be offering D.having offered,7.The plane crashed，_ all 200 people,aboard,在飞机上.,A.killed B.having killed C.killing D.had killed,8.He was always the first _ and the last _ the office.,A.to come，to leave B.coming，leaving,C.to come，left D.coming，left,9.Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day，,but I dont know who she is.,A.to marry B.to have married,C.to be marrying D.being married,10.With everything she needed_,she left the shop.,A.buying B.to buy C.bought D.to be bought,with sth done 是伴伴随某事被完成了,意思,这里sth是被动 she needed 是定语,修饰everything,第54页,Goodbye!,第55页,
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