附肢骨连结.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Joints of limbs,山东大学医学院 解剖教研室,Joints of upper limb,Joints of should girdle,1.Sternoclavicular joint,胸锁关节,composition,:,sternal,end of clavicle,clavicular,notch of sternum,and first costal cartilage,construction features:,Articular,capsule,:strong and is reinforced by anterior and posterior,sternoclavicular,ligaments,articular,cavity has,An,articular,disc,dividing the joint into two cavities.,Movements,:elevation and depression,forward and backward,rotation and,circumduction,of the,acromial,end of the clavicle.,2.Acromioclavicular joint,肩锁关节,composition,:,acromion,and,acromial,end of clavicle,Movement:,3.Coracoacromial arch,喙肩弓,formed by,coracoacromial,ligament,喙肩韧带,coranoid,process,and,acromion,that prevents the shoulder joint,from superior dislocation,脱位,coranoid,process,acromion,coracoacromial,ligament,Joints of free upper limb,Shoulder joint,肩关节,(ball and socket),composition,:head of,humerus,and,glenoid,cavity of scapula,construction features:,head of,humerus,is great,glenoid,cavity of scapula is shallow,Capsule,:,Thin and lax,especially lower,part,Attachments,:proximal to,glenoid,cavity;distal to anatomical neck of,humerus,except medially where it is slightly distal to surgical neck,Tendon of long head of biceps,brachii,肱,二头肌,passes though the,articular,capsule.,Accessory structures,Glenoid,labrum,盂唇,:,fibrocartilaginous,ring on periphery of,glenoid,cavity.,Coracohumeral,ligament,喙肱韧带,：,runs from,coracoid,process to greater tubercle,Movements,:,flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,medial and lateral rotation,circumduction,左侧关节盂侧面观,Glenoid,labrum,Glenoid,cavity,肩关节前脱位,Elbow joint,肘关节,composition,:lower end of,humerus,upper ends of radius and ulna,Humeroulnar,joint,肱尺关节,:,formed by,trochlear,of,humerus,and,troclear,noch,(hinge),Humeroradial,joint,肱桡关节,:,formed by,capitulum,of,humerus,and head of radius(ball and socket),Proximal,radioulnar,joint,桡尺近侧关节,:formed by,articular,circumference of radius and radial notch of ulna,（,trochoid,）,construction features:,Capsule,:thin and lax,anteriorly,and,posteriorly,strongly thickened on either side by collateral ligaments,Ligaments,:,Radial collateral ligament,桡侧副韧带,:attached to lateral,epicondyle,and annular ligament of radius,Ulnar,collateral,ligament,尺侧副韧带,:attached to medial,epicondyle,to medial border of,trochlear,notch,Medial view,Lateral view,Elbow joint,肘关节,Annular ligament of radius,桡骨环状韧带,:attached to anterior and posterior margins of radial notch of ulna,surrounds the head of radius,Movements,:flexion and extension,pronation,and,supination,Dislocation,Joints between radius and ulna,Proximal,radioulnar,joint,桡尺近侧关节,Distal,radioulnar,joint,桡尺远侧关节,:formed by head of ulna,ulnar,notch of radius and,articular,disc,below the ulna,Interosseous,membrane of forearm,前臂骨间膜,:a fibrous membrane between the shaft of radius and ulna,腕关节的冠状切面（后面观）,左前臂,Joints of hand,Radiocarpal,joint,桡腕关节,(ellipsoid),composition,:,Carpal,articular,surface of radius and,articular,disc below the ulna,Proximal row of carpal bones:,scaphoid,lunate,and,triquetral,bones,construction features:,Capsule,:thin and lax,，,strengthened by surrounding ligament,Movements,:flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,and,circumduction,Intercarpal,joints,Carpometacarpal,joints:,Carpometacarpal,joint of thumb,拇指腕掌关节,composition,:,trapezium,and base of first metacarpal bone,Movement,:,flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,and opposition,对掌,Intermetacarpal,joints,Metacarpophalangeal,joints,Interphalangeal,joints,Joints of Lower limb,Joints of pelvic girdle,Sacroiliac joint,骶髂关节,composition,:,auricular,surface of sacrum and,ilium,construction features:,Capsule:very tight and strengthened by ligaments,Joints between hip bone and,vertebral column,Iliolumbal,ligament,髂腰韧带,:runs from transverse process of L4 and L5 to the,posterosuperior,part of iliac crest,Sacrotuberous,ligament,骶结节韧带,:runs from lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to the inner margin of,ischial,tuberosity,Sacrospinous,ligament,骶棘韧带,:runs from lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to,ischial,spine,These two ligaments convert the sciatic notches the,greater,and,lesser sciatic foramina,坐骨大、小孔,Pubic,symphysis,耻骨联合,composition,:,symphysial,surface and,interpubic,disc(,fibrocartilage,),Ligaments:superior pubic ligament and,arcuate,pubic ligament,Obturator,membrane,闭孔膜,obturator,canal,闭膜管,Bony pelvis,骨盆,Composition:,formed by paired hip bones,sacrum,coccyx,and their articulations,In anatomical position,anterior superior iliac spines and pubic tubercles on same,coronal plane,while the tip of coccyx and superior border of pubic,symphysis,on same horizontal plane,Terminal line,界线,:,formed by promontory of sacrum,arcuate,line of,ilium,pecten,of pubis,pubic tubercle,upper border of pubic,symphysis,Two portions:,a greater pelvis and a lesser pelvis,Lesser pelvis,小骨盆,pelvic inlet,骨盆上口,(terminal line):,Pelvic outlet,骨盆下口,:formed by tip of coccyx,sacrotuberous,ligament,ischial,tuberosity,ramus,of,ischium,inferior,ramus,of pubis,inferior margin of pubic,symphysis,Pelvic cavity,Pubic arch,耻骨弓,subpubic,angle,耻骨下角,Main difference between male and,femal,pelvis,Main difference between male and,femal,pelvis,Female,Male,Pelvic inlet,Pelvic,Outlet,Pelvic cavity,Pubic arch,90100,0,7075,0,Main difference between male and,femal,pelvis,Male,Female,骨盆全形,高而狭窄,低而宽阔,髂骨翼,峭立,近似水平位,骨盆上口,较小，呈心形,较大，近似圆形,耻骨下角,7075,0,90100,0,骨盆腔,高而窄，漏斗形,短而宽，圆桶形,骨盆下口,较小,较大,Joints of free lower limb,Hip joint,髋关节,Composition:,acetabulum,and femoral head,construction features:,Articular,capsule is thick and strong.,attachments,Above:margins of,acetabulum,and transverse,acetabular,ligament,Below:in front to,intertrochanteric,line;behind,to the neck of femur above 1 cm above the,intertrochanteric,crest,Accessory structures,Acetabular,labrum,髋臼唇,;transverse,acetebular,ligament,髋臼横韧带,Ligaments,Iliofemoral,lig,.,髂股韧带,Ligament of head of femur,股骨头韧带,Pubofemoral,lig,.,耻股韧带,Ischiofemoral,ligament,坐股韧带,Movement:flexion,extention,adduction,abduction,medial and lateral rotation,circumduction,Transverse,acetebular,lig,.,Ligament of head,of femur,Acetabulum,labrum,2,Knee joint,膝关节,Composition:,lower end of femur,upper end of tibia and patella,construction features:,Articular,capsule:,thin and lax,，,superapatellar,bursa,髌上囊,deep,infrapatellar,bursa,髌下深囊,ala folds,翼状襞,右侧膝关节,Accessory structures,ligaments,Patellar,lig,.,髌韧带,Fibular collateral,lig,.,腓侧副韧带,Tibial,collateral,lig,.,胫侧副韧带,腘斜韧带,前交叉韧带,后交叉韧带,腓侧副韧带,胫侧副韧带,Oblique,popliteal,ligament,腘斜韧带,Anterior,cruciate,ligament,前交叉韧带,Posterior,cruciate,ligament,后交叉韧带,Medial meniscus,内侧半月板,(C-shaped),lateral meniscus,外侧半月板,(O-shaped),Movements:flexion and extension;flexed knee joint can rotate medially and laterally.,lateral,Medial,3Tibiofibular,syndesmosis,胫腓连结,Tibiofibular,joint,胫腓关节,Crural,interosseous,membrane,小腿骨间膜,Anterior and posterior,tibiofibular,ligaments,胫腓前、后韧带,4 Joint of foot,Talocrural,joint,距小腿关节,(ankle joint),踝关节,Composition:,lower ends of tibia and fibula,trochlea,of talus,construction features:,Articular,capsule:thin and lax in front and behind,and supported on each side by strong collateral ligaments,胫骨,距骨,内侧韧带（三角韧带）,距腓前韧带,跟腓韧带,距腓后韧带,距骨,Ligments,Medial,lig,.,内侧韧带,Lateral,lig,.,外侧韧带,距腓前韧带,anterior,talofibular,lig,.,跟腓韧带,calcaneofibular,lig,.,距腓后韧带,talofibular,lig,.,Movements,:,dosiflexion,(extension)and plantar flexion(flexion);when the ankle joint is fully plantar flexed,small amounts of abduction,and adduction are possible.,Intertarsal,joints,跗骨间关节,Talocalcaneal,joint,距跟关节,Talocalcaneonavicular,joint,距跟舟关节,Tarsometatarsal,joints,跗跖关节,Intermetatarsal,joints,跖骨间关节,Metatarsophalangeal,joints,跖趾关节,Interphalangeal,joints,趾骨间关节,足内翻和足外翻,Inversion and,eversion,5 Arches of foot,足弓,Medial longitudinal arch,内侧纵弓,:,formed by,calcaneus,talus,navicular,three cuneiforms and first to third metatarsal bones,head of talus is the keystone of this arch.,Lateral longitudinal arch,外侧纵弓,:,formed by,calcaneus,cuboid,fourth and fifth metatarsal bones;,cuboid,is the keystone of this arch,Tranverse,arch,横弓,:,formed by,cuboid,three,cuniforms,and all metatarsal bones;the intermediate cuneiform is the keystone of this arch,Function:,give to foot strength stability and resilience,弹性,;protect plantar vessels and nerves,Teaching,outline,1.master the composition,structural features and the movement of the shoulder joint,elbow joint,radiocarpal,joint,carpometacarpal,joint of the thumb.,2.Master the composition,portion of the,pelvis,the,composition of the pelvic inlet and outlet.,3.master the composition,structural features and the movement of the hip joint,knee joint and the,talocrural,joint.,4.Master the composition and function of the arches of foot.,简答：,1,试述肩关节的构成、构造和运动。,2,试述髋关节的构成、构造和运动。,3,试述膝关节的构成、构造和运动。,4,试述颞下颌关节特点和运动。,5,试述椎骨间的连接。,名词解释,:,椎间盘、,Chopart,关节、半月板、覆膜,重点,:,肩关节、肘关节、腕关节、髋关节、,膝关节、踝关节、椎间关节,Iliofemoral,lig,.,Ischiofemoral,lig,.,Pubofemoral,lig,.,Zona,orbicularis,