外研版定语从句.ppt

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,“Sometimes the thing youre searching for your whole life is right there by your side all along.”,Star-Lord,from Guardians of the Galaxy,定语从句,The Attributive Clause,1.,定义,：,又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。,2.,先行词,：,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,3.,关系代词、关系副词：,引导定语从句的词,关系代词,关系副词,Who,whom,whose,which,that,When,where,why,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语,在定语从句中作状语,Join the following sentences:,A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.,先行词和关系词的关系,Join the following sentences:,A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.,A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,the machine,a machine,Join the following sentences:,A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.,A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,The girl,that/who,we saw yesterday is Mary.,that/who,4.,分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句是句中,不可缺少的组成部分,，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间,不用逗号,隔开,非限定性定语从句是,对主句先行词的补充说明,，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整,.,一般,用逗号,把主句和从句分开,引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作,宾语,时一些关系代词,可以省略,引导词：,as,who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where,等，,不用,that,或,why,不能省略,限制性定语从句举例：,1.The teacher told me that Tom was the only person,that,I could,depend on.,2.China is a country,that,has a,long history.,3.In the street I saw a man,who,was from Africa.,非限制性定语从句举例：,1.His mother,who,loves him very,much,is strict with him.,2.China,which,was founded in,1949,is becoming more and more powerful.,3.Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall,in which,many important meetings are,held every year.,1.,Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.2.,All the books,that have pictures in them,are well written.All the books,which have pictures in them,are well written.,（她还有其他哥哥。）,（她只有一个哥哥。）,（带插图的书写得好。）,（所有的书都写的很好。所有的书都带插图）,指代内容,所做成分,是否可省略,that,人；物,主语,宾语,作宾语可省,which,物,主语,宾语,作宾语可省,who,人,主语,宾语,作宾语可省,whom,人,宾语,可省,whose,(,人,/,物,),的,定语,不可省,关系代词的用法,1.,who,指人,作主语或宾语,(,作宾语可省略）,The boys,who,are playing football,are from Class One.,The man,who,I saw,is called Tom.,2.,whom,指人,作宾语,(,作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省,),The man,(whom/who),I talked to,is Mr.Li.,The man,to whom,I talked,is Mr.Li.,3.,whose,在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。,whose,多指人，也可指物，指物时可与,of which,互换使用。,1.,He has a friend,whose,father is a doctor.,2.,Do you like the book,whose cover,is blue?=Do you like the book,the cover of which,is blue?,=Do you like the book,of which the cover,is blue?,Do you know the girl,whose,hair is,very short in our class?,Do you know the girl?,Her,hair is very short in our class.,He is the student.,I broke,his,pencil yesterday.,He is the student,whose,pencil I,broke yesterday.,4,which,指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,1.Football is a game,which,is liked by,most boys.,2.He likes to read books,which,are,written by foreign writers.,3.This is the pen,(,which,)he bought,yesterday.,4.The film,(,which,)they went to see,last night,was not interesting at all.,5.,that,指人时，相当于,who,或,whom,；指物时，相当于,which,。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。,1.,Where is the man,（,that/whom,）,I saw this morning,?,2.,The person,（,that/whom,）,you,introduced to me,is very kind.,3.,The season,that/which,comes after,spring,is summer.,4.,Yesterday I received a letter,that/,which,came from Australia.,that,和,which,在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用,that,而不用,which,。,Have you taken down,everything that,Mr.Li said?,There seems to be,nothing that,is impossible to him in the world.,(1),限制性定语从句中先行词为,all,everything,something,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some,等不定代词指物时。,(2),There be,句型中用,that,。,Thereisa,book,onthedesk,that,belongstoTom.,This is,the first,book,(that),he has read.,This is,the best,film,(that),I have ever seen.,This is,the first,time,(that),I am in Beijing.,(3),先行词被序数词或最高级修饰,(4),当主句是,who/which,做主语的疑问句时,Who is the girl,that,drove the car,?,Who,that,broke the window,will be punished.,Which,is the T-shirt,that,fits me most?,Who,is the man,that,is reading the newspaper over there?,(5),当先行词既有人又有物。,They talked about,the persons and things,that,they remembered,at school.,Look at,the man and his donkey,that,are walking up the street.,Ive read,all,the books,that,are not mine.,This is,the very,book,that,belongs to him,.,(6),先行词被,all,every,no,some,few,any,little,much,the only,the very,the last,just,right,等修饰。,(1),紧跟介词作宾语,Those are many trees,under,which,they can have a rest.,(2),在非限制性定语从句中,Football,which,is a very popular game,is played all over the world.,The tree,which,is 400 years old,is very famous here.,在下列情况下,一般用,which,而不用,that,。,关系副词的用法,指代内容,所做成分,是否可省略,when,时间,状语,否,where,地点,状语,否,why,原因,状语,否,Ill never forget the day,when,I joined the league.,on which,Ill never forget the time,which/that,was spent with you.,when,在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。相当于,介词,(at/in/during/on)+,which,This is the house,where,I lived two years ago.,in which,The library,(which/that),you visited yesterday was built in 1990.,where,在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词往往是表示地点的名词。相当于,“,介词,(in/at/on/under,)+,which,”,。,where,引导的定语从句也可以修饰,case,condition,situation,instance,等先行词。,There are,cases,where,this rule does not hold good.,Can you think of a,situation,where,this word can be used?,Do you know the reason,why,she was late.,The reason,why/for which,he refused the invitation,is quite clear.,why,在定语从句中作原因状语，常位于,reason,之后，相当于,for,which,。,the reason whyis that,的原因是,他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。,The reason why he resigned was that,he quarreled with his boss.,Mencius believed that,the reason why,man is different from animals,is that,man is good.,如果关系代词指代先行词,reason,在从句中,作主语、宾语、表语,等时，则用,that,或,which,。,I can accept the reason(that/which)he gives.,He gave a reason that/which surprised me.,(1),看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,This is the book _ which you asked.,I know the man,whom he spoke just now.,for,The old man whom I am,looking after,is better.,6.,在,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,结构引导的定语从句中如何判断介词,注意,:,动词短语不能拆开即介词不提前,to,(2),看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配。,He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,(3),根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配。,This is our classroom,_ which there is a teachers desk.,with,in the front of,(4),看介词与宾语的搭配，看先行词前需要什么介词。,This is the house,in,which the old lady once lived.,He mentioned a book,of,which the title I cant remember.,He stood near the window,through,which he could see the small river.,1.This is the car _which I bought last year.,2.This is the car _which I paid 100$.,3.This is the car _which I spent 100$.,4.This is the car _which I go to work every day.,5.This is the car _ which I can,t go to work.,/,for,on,by,without,Complete the following setences,by,at,about,of,6.This is the car _which the old man was,knocked down,7.This is the car _which a boy threw a stone.,8.This is the car _which we talked.,9.This is the car _which the window was,broken.,当堂练习,1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,made theothers unhappy.A.whichB.who C.hisD.what2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town,he grew up as a child.A.whichB.when C.that D.where 3.The gentleman,you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom,C.whomD.with whom,4.Please take any seat,is free.A.which B.where,C.in which D.that5.The old man has two sons,is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them,C.all of whomD.none of them6.This is the ship,we crossed the Pacific(,太平洋,).A.by which B.by that,C.where D.in which,7.New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(,摩天大楼,),has more than 100 storeys.A.the higher of them,B.the highest of which,C.the highest of them,D.some of which,8.The boy,composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that D.which,9.The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it,10.Mr.Wang is a boss,factory Li Ping worked.A.in whose B.whose,C.in whom D.of which11.I dont like the way,you speak to her.A./B.that C.in which D.All A,B,C,12.I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a good effect on my life.,A.that,which B.when,which,C.which,thatD.when,who,13.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A./B.that C.which D.who,14.This is the store,we visited the famous shop assistants.A.where B.there C.that D.which15.Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing,live my old parents.A.which B.that C.where D.there,Thank you!,高二英语,说课稿,一、说教材,二、说学生,三、说教法,四、说学法,五、教学程序,一、说教材,（一,）,教材,内容要点：,第一、定语从句的概念 第二、定语从句的分类 第三、定语从句的,用法,（二）,教材,的地位和作用：,定语从句是高中英语教学中的一个非常重要的语法，也是高考的一个热点。在英语里，定语从句可以使一个繁琐的句子变得非常简洁，同时，它在人们日常会话中出现的频率特别高。定语从句掌握地扎实与否关系到一个学生英语水平的高低。因此，定语从句的学习和掌握在英语学习中有着重要的意义,。,（三）,教学,目的,根据教学大纲的要求，通过这一节课的教学，要使学生知道什么是定语从句和定语从句的分类，掌握定语从句的用法。培养学生的观察能力、分析概括能力以及演绎推理能力等。还要培养学生探索求真知的精神，对学生进行实践观点的教育。,（四）,教学的重点与难点,定语从句是本课的主要内容，与日常英语的应用密切联系，所以定语从句的概念与运用是本节课的一个重点。对定语从句的复习，需要综合应用所学知识来解决原来的遗留问题，因而对句子分析和推理概括能力要求提高了。而高中生侧重于对直观现象进行具体、形象的思维来获得知识。因此这个知识点既是本节课的重点又是难点。,培养学生的多种能力也是这节课的重点，这是素质教育对现代教学的要求。,二、分析学生,大多数,学生上进心强，学习态度端正，有良好的学习习惯，但是缺乏一定的探索研究问题的能力。,定语从句是学生在英语学习中比较常用的语法，也是他们必须掌握的内容。教学中要注意培养学生对英语的兴趣，充分发挥主体作用，迎合他们好奇、好动、好强的心理特点，调动他们学习的积极性和主动性。,高中生,的思维方式由形象思维向抽象思维过渡，因此在教学中应注意积极引导学生应用已掌握的基础知识，通过理论分析和推理判断来获得新知识，发展抽象思维能力。当然在此过程中仍需以一些感性认识作为依托，可以借助多媒体设备加强直观性和形象性，以便学生理解和掌握。,三、教学方法,这节课可综合应用提问、归纳、介绍、检查、讲授和讨论等多种形式的教学方法，提高课堂效率，培养学生对英语的兴趣，激发学生的求知欲望。充分体现以教师为主导，以学生为主体的原则。创设英语情境让学生参与语言实践，边动口边思考。从语言分析总结出结论以调动学生的积极性。,四、说学法,通过本课教学，我将主要培养学生掌握以下学习方法：,1,、参与式学习方法：让他们从练中学，在学中用，设置符合学生知识水平的活动让学生参与、体验、实践，并从中品味活动的乐趣,2,、合作学习法：通过小组讨论形式完成多种活动，培养探究和合作意识与能力,五、教学程序,教学中要以了解、学习研究英语的方法为基础，掌握知识为中心，培养能力为方向，紧抓重点突破难点，具体设计如下：,这节课主要采用讲授归纳的方法来建立定语从句的概念。我将一个定语从句列在投影上，让学生分析这个句子的成分，从而导出两个非常重要的内容,-,先行词和关系词，然后逐一解释。通过分析例句，培养了学生的分析能力、观察能力，增强了他们的感性认识。为了使学生能对定语从句有更进一步的认识，这里我又采用提问的方法让学生说出定语从句的分类，然后我对其进行进一步地解释和说明，让学生通过讲解概括，总结出定语从句的分类。在此基础上，我让同学们回答出定语从句中的关系代词有哪些，通过一些简单的例句，让学生知道每一个代词在句子中起什么作用以及用法。在讲解关系代词与介词时，我让学生自己归纳出它们的规律，提高学生的概括能力，从而达到复习的目的。,重难点,一、,that,和,which,的特殊用法,二、关系副词,when,，,where,，和,why,