2024年人工智能路线图（英）.pdf

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ROADMAP 2024 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ROADMAP 2024 Contents Letter from the Secretary.4 Leveraging AI to Advance the DHS Mission.5 AI-driven Challenges to Homeland Security.6 Responsible Use of AI .7 A Coordinated,Government-Wide Approach.8 Who Does What at DHS.9 DHS External Engagement on AI.11 Overview of the Lines of Effort Responsibly Leverage AI to Advance Homeland Security Missions .13 Promote Nationwide AI Safety and Security .18 Continue to Lead in AI through Strong,Cohesive Partnerships.22 Glossary.24 3 4 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ROADMAP 2024 Letter from the Secretary Artificial Intelligence may well be the most consequential technology of our time.It has the power to innovate beyond measure,and to reshape how we secure our nation and protect our communities.At the Department of Homeland Security,we embrace the responsibility to ensure that AI is developed and adopted in a way that realizes its full potential while protecting the public from any harm its irresponsible or adversarial use might cause.DHS is at the forefront of employing AI and machine learning technologies and leads by example.With our talented and dedicated team of 260,000 personnel in 22 agencies and offices across the country and around the world,Americans interact daily with DHS more than with any other federal entity.Our use of AI not only delivers real-time benefits to the public,but also fuels our strategic efforts across all areas of homeland security.We are excited to introduce the DHS AI Roadmap.This document outlines our AI initiatives and the technologys potential across the homeland security enterprise.It is the most detailed AI plan put forward by a federal agency to date,directing our efforts to fully realize AIs potential to protect the American people and our homeland,while steadfastly protecting privacy,civil rights,and civil liberties.This initiative aligns with President Bidens Executive Order 14110,“Safe,Secure,and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence,”which tasks DHS with critical roles to:manage AI in critical infrastructure and cyberspace;promote the adoption of AI safety standards globally;reduce the potential risk of AIs use to facilitate weapons of mass destruction attacks;combat AI-related intellectual property theft;and,ensure our nation attracts talent to develop responsible AI in the United States.Our roadmap for the coming year includes exploring new AI applications and pursuing a whole-of-government strategy for ensuring the safe,secure,and trustworthy development and use of AI.We are seeking to engage partners across the government,private sector,and academia to bolster our nations security.We invite you to collaborate with us in this important mission.Together,we can responsibly and ethically leverage AI to strengthen our national security,improve our operations,and provide efficient services to the public we serve.Alejandro N.MayorkasAlejandro N.MayorkasU.S.Department of Homeland Security SecretaryEric HysenEric HysenU.S.Department of Homeland Security Chief Information OfficerDEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ROADMAP 2024 Leveraging AI to Advance the DHS Mission Committed to safeguarding the American people,our homeland and our values,DHS continues to innovate in support of its missions.While it is now frequently in the news,the concept of AI has been around since the 1950s.Initially understood as a machines ability to perform tasks that would have previously required human intelligence,now AI encompasses systems capable of reasoning,inference,and learning.The sophistication of AI systems has grown substantially in the past decade,and particularly in the past few years.AI systems are available to users through internet-based interfaces,increasingly integrated into software,and deployed by businesses and governments around the world.DHS has used AI for well over a decade and continues to increase the breadth,depth,and maturity of AIs application across the Department.For example,as early as 2015,the Department piloted the use of machine learning(ML)technologies to support identity verification tasks.Since then,DHS has successfully implemented other AI-powered applications to enhance efficiencies and foster innovation in border security,cybersecurity,immigration,trade,transportation safety,workforce productivity,and other domains critical to protecting the homeland.Every DHS component and office is working to meaningfully assess the potential benefits of AI to the DHS mission,and to responsibly harness its potential to further transform our operations.The Department has already published 41 different uses of AI in the AI Use Case Inventory at https:/www.dhs.gov/data/AI_inventory,and the list will grow as we expand use of AI.Some examples include:DHS is using AI to keep fentanyl and other dangerous drugs out of our country.The United StatesCustoms and Border Protection(CBP)uses an ML model to identify potentially suspicious patternsin vehicle-crossing histories.CBP recently used the model to flag a car for secondary review,whichyielded the discovery of over 75 kgs of drugs hidden in the automobile.DHS is using AI to aid our law enforcement officers in investigating heinous crimes.In 2023,theUnited States Immigration and Customs Enforcement Homeland Security Investigations OperationRenewed Hope identified more than 300 previously unknown victims of sexual exploitation thanks inpart to an ML model that enhanced older images to provide investigators with new leads.DHS is using AI at the Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)to more efficiently assessdamage to homes,buildings,and other properties after a disaster.This approach allows FEMAinspectors the ability to look at some impacted structure damage remotely instead of conductinginspections exclusively in-person,leading to swifter delivery of disaster assistance to survivors.DHS is using AI to make travel safer and easier.By introducing customer-facing technologies such asTouchless Check-In at the airport,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)provides travelersan optional way to navigate TSA security processes,check bags,and board their flights by taking justa photograph.These and other efforts are already saving time at security checkpoints and reducingphysical touchpoints.These and other current uses of AI are conducted in partnership and consultation with the Departments Offices of Privacy,Civil Rights and Civil Liberties,General Counsel,and other appropriate oversight bodies.5 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ROADMAP 2024DHS Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas participates in a fireside chat at DEFCON 2023.AI-driven Challenges to Homeland Security While there are tremendous opportunities for AI to enhance the DHS mission,AI also introduces new challenges and risks.The proliferation of accessible AI tools likely will bolster our adversaries tactics.Cyber actors use AI to develop new tools that allow them to access and compromise more victims and enable larger scale cyber-attacks that are faster,more efficient,and more evasive.Nation-states seeking to undermine trust in our government institutions,social cohesion,and democratic processes are using AI to create more believable foreign malign influence campaigns.Of particular concern are impacts of AI attacks on critical infrastructures,which could result in nefarious actors disrupting or denying activities related to Internet of Things(IoT)technologies or networked industrial systems.Generating and passing poisoned data into a critical sensor could trigger downstream impacts,such as service disruptions or system shut-offs.AI enabled technologies are also being used to undermine the trust we place in information derived from digital content and is distinct from traditional cybersecurity threats,requiring additional research to understand and build knowledge to inform protections.Similarly,while AI has already enabled innovation in the physical and biological sciences,it also has the potential to substantially lower the barrier of entry for non-experts to design,synthesize,acquire,or use chemical,biological,radiological,or nuclear weapons.Cyber and physical security is foundational to the safety and security of AI.DHS and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency in particular will continue to work to improve the nations overall cyber resilience and to identify and manage risks associated with the misuse of AI/ML technologies.Additionally,as sector risk management agencies,TSA and the United States Coast Guard will continue to assess AI-related risks across the transportation and maritime sectors.6 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ROADMAP 2024 TSA uses new credential authentication technology to improve checkpoint screening capabilities.Responsible Use of AI DHS is committed to ensuring that our use of AI:Is responsible and trustworthy;is rigorously tested to be effective;safeguards privacy,civil rights,and civil liberties;avoids inappropriate biases;and is transparent and explainable to our workforce and to those we serve.Where appropriate it should be interpretable to meet due process requirements in legal or administrative proceedings.DHSs use of AI should advance equity and not function in ways that amplify existing social inequalities.DHS policy aligns with the Departments commitment to lean forward in deploying AI tools to enhance operations and lead the government in the responsible use of AI.The Departments governance and oversight of the responsible use of AI are closely coordinated,highly collaborative efforts that unite operational components and oversight offices from across DHS around the common goal of ensuring responsible use.From day one,DHS components and offices have coordinated closely with our Privacy Office,the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties,the Office of the General Counsel,and additional stakeholders.These collaborations ensure compliance with all applicable laws and policies and establish clear guardrails to prohibit inappropriate use of AI/ML technologies,as well as safeguard privacy,civil rights,and civil liberties.In 2023,DHS announced new policies and measures to promote the responsible use of AI to guide the acquisition and use of AI/ML technologies across the Department.DHS applies the principles of the blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights and will implement the National Institute of Standards and Technologys AI Risk Management Framework within the Department.As new laws and government-wide policies are developed and there are new advances in the field,we will continue to update our internal policies and procedures.7 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ROADMAP 2024 A Coordinated,Government-Wide Approach The Presidents Executive Order 14110,which establishes a comprehensive strategy for AI innovation,directs DHS to partner with other federal agencies to drive a coordinated,government-wide approach.Specifically,DHS will partner with other sector risk management agencies,such as such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology,the Department of Justice,and the Department of Defense,to:Support sector-specific AI risk identification;issue guidance to agencies on how to label and authenticate their content;perform security reviews on AI foundational models and other measures;and develop guidelines,standards,and best practices for AI safety and security;The direction provided in the Executive Order is consistent with DHSs innovative work to ensure the safe,secure,and responsible development and use of AI.DHS will continue to manage AI in critical infrastructure and cyberspace,promote the adoption of global AI safety standards,reduce the risk that AI can be used to create weapons of mass destruction and other related threats,combat AI-related intellectual property theft,and help the United States attract and retain skilled talent.8 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ROADMAP 2024 Who Does What at DHS The Secretary sets the Departments AI strategy,priorities,and policies,and is the key interlocutor with the private sector,federal interagency,state officials,and key international counterparts.The Secretary represents the Department on the White House AI Council,which coordinates the activities of agencies across the federal government to implement AI policies.In April 2023,the Secretary established an AI Task Force within DHS that drives specific applications of AI to advance critical homeland security missions.The Secretary has also established and will chair a new AI Safety and Security Board(AISSB),which will provide recommendations and advice to the Secretary,the critical infrastructure community,and the broader public on the development and deployment of AI.In the Office of the Secretary,the Secretary has designated the Senior Counselor for Cybersecurity and Emerging Technology to serve as the Executive Director of the AISSB and to advise the Secretary on deploying AI and other advanced technologies to fulfill the Departments mission and support related policymaking across the Department and throughout the US government.The Departments Chief Information Officer(CIO)serves as the designated Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer(CAIO).The CAIO promotes AI innovation and responsible use across the Department and develops,in partnership with DHS offices and components,the Departments internal policies regarding its use of AI.The CAIO sets strategic priorities for AI deployments across the Department,and on behalf of the Secretary,coordinates AI-related efforts in partnerships with DHS offices and components.The CAIO also directs the Departments information security,data governance,information technology,and customer experience functions which enable DHSs use of AI.The Science and Technology Directorate(S&T),on behalf of the Department,is leading AI-related research and development to provide federal,state,and local officials with cutting-edge technology and capabilities to protect the homeland.S&T leads Test&Evaluation(T&E)of AI-enabled systems,as well as the development of AI enabled T&E in partnership with the Privacy Office and operational components.The Office of Strategy,Policy,and Plans(Policy)develops the Departments policy for AI,which includes overseeing the implementation of tasks directed by Executive Order 14110 and enhancing cooperation with international allies and partners on AI governance and risk mitigation.Policy supports the Secretary on the establishment and agenda of the AISSB.The Privacy Office(PRIV)and the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties(CRCL)oversee and provide guidance on the responsible use of AI to ensure the Departments use of AI is transparent,explainable,trustworthy,avoids inappropriate biases,and safeguards privacy,civil rights,and civil liberties.PRIV oversees DH