MULTILINGUAL DOMAIN NAMES多语种域名_30页.ppt

書式設定,書式設定,第 2,第 3,第 4,第 5,*,*,*,MULTILINGUAL DOMAIN NAMES,多语种域名,Hirofumi,Hotta,hottajprs.jp,JOINT ITU/WIPO SYMPOSIUM,December 6,2001,,日本,.,jp,1,ASCII characters in the Internet,The Internet as the birth,Born in the United States,Research and academic users,Limited resources in computers and communication devices,Only ASCII codes are used for the core of the Internet,Only ASCII characters have been used,even by people using non-ASCII characters in social life,1,2,2,Ex)non-English characters in e-mail,Step1,Phonetic mapping in e-mail texts,Step2,Native language characters in e-mail texts,Step3,Native language characters in“Subject”fields,Step4?,Native language characters in“To”and“From”field,Names such as company names and personal names in the social relevant context should be presented in their native language,3,What is a domain name?,Human readable identifier of an entity within the Internet :Ex),www.itu.int,Substitute of an IP address,www.,itu,.,int,each label 63 characters,domain name Server-side solution,IETF is moving towards client-side solution,Stability,DNS is a huge distributed database,DNS is working on a delicate balance,Substantial change of DNS is dangerous,Deployment speed,Changing all the servers takes long time,Consistency,Partial deployment of server-side solution may lead to separation of the Internet,18,How multilingual string is converted to ASCII,original,string,normalized,string,ASCII,string,Internet,(based on ASCII),unification of the strings considered to be the same,conversion to an ASCII string,NAMEPREP,ACE,ABC,.,JP,.,JP,B,.,JP,ABC,.,JP,BQ-GD7UD72C75B2X46RZP6A.JP,ex),ex),ex),19,NAMEPREP and ACE,NAMEPREP,(Preparation of Internationalized Host Names),Multilingual string representations which should be regarded as the same string are converted into one representation,Case fold,Normalize,Prohibit,ACE,(ASCII Compatible Encoding),Multilingual representation is converted into an appropriate ASCII domain name,Ex)ACE algorithm,RACE,BQ-3BS6KZZMRKPDBSJQ4EYKIMHTKQGU7CY,AMC-ACE-Z,ZQ-ECKWD4C7CU47R2WFQW7A0ECL32K,20,Issues in using ACE,Subspace is used by multilingual domain names,Issues,Reservation of the subspace,Length limitation is severer,Domain label,Domain name,ASCII Domain Names,ACE-ed Multilingual Domain Names,Multilingual,Domain Names,ACE,decode,21,IDNA,user,internal,representation,UI,API,application servers,end system,application,local,international,resolver,DNS servers,NAMEPREP,To/From Unicode,To/From ACE,NAMEPREP,to/from ACE,to/from Unicode,(Internationalizing Host Names in Applications),22,Impact on the DNS structure,Alternate root,Hierarchy,overseen,by ICANN,multilingual,domain name,space,multilingual,domain name,space,Name,Server,Name,Server,Name,Server,TLDs,not authorized by ICANN,5,authoritative root,multilingualized,23,Impact on the DNS structure(continued),Inclusive root(variation of alternate root),Hierarchy,overseen,by ICANN,multilingual,domain name,space,Name,Server,unauthorized,TLDs,can be seen together with,ICANNs,multilingualized,24,Impact on the DNS structure(continued),Pseudo-root(zero level domain),multilingual,domain name,space,Name,Server,Hierarchy,overseen,by ICANN,銀行.企業,.,jp,append“.,jp,”to“,銀行.企業”,jp,企業,銀行,銀行.企業,25,Defining a multilingual top level domain,Current implementation of multilingual domain names,Second level domain or under,Allowed by current DNS architecture and technology,Top level domain,Alternate root,Inclusive root,Pseudo-root,Above are only to satisfy commercial drive or users demands on early deployment of multilingual domain names,It is important for ICANN to define a multilingual top level domain creation policy,26,Issues in various,TLDs,non-ASCII-,string.ASCII-ccTLD,non-ASCII-,string.ASCII-gTLD,Organizations already being authorized are responsible for the domain name space,any-,string.non-ASCII-ccTLD,One organization from the relevant country is named to be responsible for the domain name space,If a country has more than 1 official language,What is the language for non-ASCII-,ccTLD,or,How many non-ASCII-,ccTLDs,are given to the country,any-,string.non-ASCII-gTLD,No one can tell whether top level domain“.,企業”,is Chinese or Japanese,Difficulty in choosing a responsible organization,who in what country,6,27,Other political issues,What are the languages that constitute multilingual domain names,Some languages have 2 or more kinds of scripts,Traditional Chinese/simplified Chinese,Who is the language authority for multilingual domain names,Should rules be the same even under different,TLDs,?,A single domain name registry should not be the ultimate authority of for the rules,Is such rule definition an international issue?,Language rules are known to only people using the language,To what extent does the solution need international standard or local coordination?,Each language stakeholders should coordinate among themselves,28,Implementations,VGRS(VeriSign Global Registry Services),JPNIC/JPRS(Japan Network Information,Center,/Japan Registry Service),i-DNS.net,CNNIC(China Internet Network Information Center),Walid,Neteka,NativeNames,:,:,7,29,Future Issues,synergy,deployment of,name servers,with multilingual,domain names,growth of the number of multilingual,domain names and their users,applications,with,multilingual,domain name,facilities,policy and coordination of registration and management rules,technology standardization and development,8,30,