2016人教新目标英语七下Unit-笔记.doc

2016人教新目标英语七下Unit 笔记Unit 3 How do you get to school?学习目标： 1、 交通方式的表达；2、 距离的表达；3、 合理安排行程并选取交通工具；4、 1000以内基数词的表达；5、 重点短语和句型：1) 短语：get to, take the train/bus/subway, by bus/car/train/subway/plane/bike/boat, ride ones bike, on foot, how long, how far, be sure, bus stop, bus station, subway station, train station, think of, be afraid, come true2) 句型：How long does it take you to get to school?How far is it from your home to school? It takes sb some time to do sth. Mary wants to know where Bob lives. Its easy to get to school. There is a big river between their school and the village.知识讲解：1. How do you get to school? 你怎么到学校？ how的用法 1) 指健康等情况：How is Mrs. Smith? 史密斯太太身体好吗?2) 问年龄：How old are you? 你多大了？3) 指数量：How many students are there in your class? 你班里有多少学生?4) 问价钱：How much are these books? 这些书多少钱？5) 问程度：How do you like China? 你认为中国怎么样？6) 指方式、方法“怎样,怎么” How do you spell your name? 你怎么拼写你的名字？How do you go to school? 你是怎么去上学的？7) 问距离：How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远？8) 表感叹“多么”：How cold it is today! 今天多冷啊！get to的用法：get 到达。不及物动词，带宾语时要加to. （即后接副词时不带to，接名词时要带to）如：When do you get there? 你什么时候到达那儿？I get to school at 7 oclock every day. 我每天七点钟到校。2. take the train 乘火车3. take the bus乘公共汽车4. take the subway 乘地铁5. ride a / ones bike 骑自行车6. walk = goon foot 步行7. 交通方式的表达：“by + 交通工具”：介词短语，常在句末作状语。中间不能再加任何冠词等。如：I usually go to school by bus. 我通常乘公共汽车上学。常用的有：by bus乘公共汽车 by car乘小车 by taxi乘出租车 by train 乘火车 by subway 乘地铁 by plane/air乘飞机 by ship/sea乘轮船 by boat 坐小船 by bike骑自行车 特殊的有：on foot步行 错误的表达：on feet by his bike by a bus by the subway“on / in + 限定词+ 交通工具”：介词短语，常放句末作状语。限定词可用：a, an, the ,this, that, my, your等等。有箱或舱的东西，大的用on，小的用in。无箱无舱的用on。如：She goes to work on a subway. 她乘地铁上班。常见用on的有： on a bus/ train/ plane/ ship/ subway on a bike常见用in 的有：in a car/ taxi/ boat take + 限定词 + 交通工具：动词短语。在句中可作谓语等。如：I take the bus to my factory. 我乘公共汽车去工厂。还有的动词有：ride a bike 骑自行车 fly to 乘飞机去 walk to 步行去 drive to 驾车去 这三种情况之间可转换。如：Frank goes to school by bus. = Frank takes the bus to go to school. = Frank goes to school on a bus. I walk to the park. = I go to the park on foot. 对交通方式提问用how. 如：I go to my hometown in my parents car. How do you go to your hometown?He takes the bus to school. How does he go to school? 8. How about you, Sally? 那么你呢？How about.? 怎么样？好不好？用于非正式场合中对所谈话题进行反问，或向对方征求意见。（已学）9. hundred 百 two hundred 两百（注意用单数）hundreds of 成百上千的 There are hundreds of people in the park. 操场上有成百上千的人。10. 基数词的表达：百位以上数的表达：百位 + and + 十位/个位。如：three hundred and twenty-four （注意hundred用单数，twenty-four之间有连字符号）786 seven hundred and eighty-six11. How long does it take to get to school? 到学校要花多久？ How long 多长，多久，对时间段提问。如：I do homework for two hours every day.How long do you do your homework every day?It takes sb some time to do sth 花某人多长时间干某事。1) It 是形式主语，真主语是不定式to do sth.2) take“花费”，是谓语动词，有时态3) sb “某人”，用宾格形式。4) some time 一段时间。如：It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 每天我花两小时做作业。It will take him three hours to get to the city. 要花他三小时才能到城里。该句型可与“spend on sth/ (in) doing sth”转换同义句。It takes me two weeks to read the book.花我两周时间读这本书。= I spend two weeks in reading the book. 12. How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远？13. how far多远，对距离提问。如：It is five kilometers from my home to school.How far is it from your home to school? 14. 距离的表达：Its + 距离+ from A 地to B地。 如：Its four meters from the tree to the door. 从树到门有四米的距离。A地 + be + 距离 + from B地。如：My home is 5 kilometers from school. 我家离学校5公里Its + 时间 + 交通方式。如：Its about ten minutes by bus. 乘汽车大约要10分钟该句型有种特殊表达Its about 5 minutes walk. 步行大约要5分钟。15. Im not sure. 我不确定。be sure 确信，确定Heissureofsuccess. 他自信会成功的。16. The bus ride takes about 20 minutes. 坐公交车大约花20分钟。 the bus ride 乘公共汽车。 名词性短语。 minute分钟，时间单位还有：hour小时 second秒 in a minute 立刻，马上17. Does your dad drive his car to work? 你的父亲开车上班吗？drive 驾驶drive to 开车去某地。如：He drives to school every day. 他每天驾车去学校。18. bus stop 公共汽车站（路傍的停车点）19. bus station 汽车站（汽车的起点/终点站）20. train station 火车站21. subway station 地铁站22. Mary wants to know where Bob lives. 玛丽想知道鲍勃住什么地方。这是一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中用陈述句语序。I dont know how old you are. 我不知道你多大了。23. Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip.玛丽想知道他是怎么看待旅行的。think of 想起，想及I cant think of his name. 我想不起他的名字。What think of = Howlike认为怎么样？对有什么看法？What do you think of Tom? 你认为汤姆怎么样？24. Crossing the river to school cross 动词，横穿，穿过（街道、河流等），如：Be careful when you cross the street. 当你穿过街道时要小心。across 介词，穿过。cross = go/walk across.如：We walked across the street.我们穿过马路。25. For many students, it is easy to get to school.对许多学生来说，上学是件容易的事。It是形式主语，to get to school是真主语。英语中当动词不定式作主语时，往往用it来充当形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式放在句末。如：It is easy to learn English well. 学好英语是很容易的。常用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，如：It is difficult for me to get to school on foot. 步行上学对我来说太难了。26. But for the students in one small village in China, it is difficult. 但对中国这个小村庄的学生来说，（上学）却是很难的。27. There is a very big river between their school and the village. 在学校和村庄之间有一条大河。There be句型：“There is/are + 主语 + 方位介词短语”表示“某地有（存在）某物”。如：There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生。betweenand 在与之间（强调两者之间，如时间、地点）。You can come between 3 oclock and 5oclock. 我可以在3点到5点钟来。 Tom is between Lily and Lucy. 汤姆在莉莉和露西之间。28. There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats. （河上）完全没有桥梁，而且河水湍急，不宜小船摆渡。29. So these students go on a ropeway to cross the river to school. 所以这些学生靠滑铁索来过河上学。on a ropeway 滑铁索（介词短语）30. One 11-year-old boy一个十一岁的孩子。11-year-old 十一岁的，相当于一个形容词用，注意year用单数。如：I have an 8-year-old daughter. 我有一个八岁的女儿。 31. But he is not afraid. 但他并不害怕。be afraid害怕 be afraid+句子“担心，恐怕”，如：Im afraid that you are late. 恐怕你迟到了。 be afraid of sth 害怕某物，如：She is afraid of dogs. 她怕狗。 be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 He is afraid to swim in the river.他不敢在河里游泳。 be afraid not. 恐怕不行。用于回答别人的提问。如：-Can I use your pen? Im afraid not. 我能用你的笔吗？ 恐怕不行。32. Hes like a father to me. 他对我来说就像父亲一样。like 在此处为介词，意为“像，如同一样”，如：She looks after me like a mother. 她像母亲一样照顾我。33. Many of the students and villagers never leave the village. 多数学生和村民从未离开过村庄。many of. 中的许多，如：Many of us like watching TV. 我们中许多人都喜欢看电视。34. It is their dream to have a bridge. 拥有一座桥是他们的梦想。 It形式主语，to have a bridge真主语。 dream的用法 名词，梦，梦想；幻想，如：I have a dream. 我有一个梦想。a bad dream 恶梦 a fond dream 黄粱美梦 day dream 白日梦 动词，梦见 （+ that; of/ about sth）如：I dream that I can fly. 我梦见我会飞了。I often dream of my grandpa. 我经常梦见我奶奶。 形容词，理想的，如梦的，如：She has a dream job. 她有一份理想的工作。35. Can their dream come true? 他们的梦想能实现吗？come true 实现，不及物动词短语，不接宾语。如：His dream comes true. 他的梦想实现了。He comes his dream. （错）36. like this 像这样 like that 像那样37. They can not go by boat 他们不能乘小船。by boat 乘小船