沪教牛津版七上-U1-4知识点、语法.doc

7A UNIT 1 Making friends练习题一、用a ，an，the 或者 填空1. There is _ water on the floor. 2. There is _ orange on _ desk. 3. There is _ m in climb and there is _ u in country.4.二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Nick _ _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.3. _ they _(like) pears?4. She is a _ ( German ) girl. 5. Id like _ ( drink ) a cup of tea. 三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 四、单项选择11. Lily is _English girl. And she is _friendly girl. A. a； an B. a； a C. an；a D. an； an14. Jasons favourite _are English and maths. A. hobbies B. subjects C. mountains D. rivers20. _do you go to school? By school bus.A. How B. What time C. Why D. Which知识点1. Read a German girls blog。(Page1）German ： adj.德国的（德国人的，德语的） This is a German car。 n.德国人 ，是可数名词。复数形式要在后面加“s”。 意为“德语”时，是不可数名词。Eg.Germans speak German。中日不变，英法变，其余S加后面。 （关于单复数）中国China，中国人/中文Chinese 日本Japan，日本人/日语Japanese， 法国France，法国人/法语French 英国England/Britain/U.K.英国人/英语EnglishFrenchman、Englishman等的复数 把a改为e.2. Every day，I go to school by school bus.（page3）go to school是一个固定搭配，不要在“ school”前加“the”。因为它并不指具体的某所学校。所在在前面不要加任何冠词。 Go to bed 睡觉 ； go to hospital去医院； at home 在家注意：play basketball/football(球类），不用加“the”。 Play the piano/violin（乐器），要加“the”。3. I like many sports.（page3） many ：许多。修饰可数名词复数。Many sports 许多人 Much：许多。修饰不可数名词 much water/time 许多水/手机 a lot of既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。4. Id like to be your e-friend. 我想成为你的网友。（page11）Id like =I would like 想要用法：would like +名词 如： Id like an apple. would like +to do sth 注意：would like 没有人称和数的变化。 would like 构成的一般疑问句中，表示“一些”和“某物”时，要用“some”和“something”，而不用“any”和“anything”。 Would you like some bread.Yes，please./No,thanks. 语法一、人称代词单 数复 数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs1. am只能和第一人称单数I(我)连用，2. is和单数第三人称he /she /it(他/她/它)连用，3. are和复数第一和第三人称复数及第二人称的单复数连用。 口诀: 我（I）是（am），你（you）是（are,）is就跟他/她/它。二、句子模式两种句子模式： A：无行为动作句子，简称“Be动词句子模式”。就是这个句子里面没有表示行为动作的部分，造句时就用 Be动词的形式。 B：有行为动词句子，简称“行为动词句子模式”。v 例如： （1）我在家。I am at home.（2）我在家吃早饭。 I have breakfast at home.三、特殊疑问句以疑问代词what, who, whom, whose, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how等放在句首提问的句子，叫特殊疑问句。答句必须针对问句中的疑问词来回答。(一）各种疑问词的用法：(二)（三）回答：不能用yes / no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。 如： -How old is your sister? 你妹妹今年多大了？ -Shes only five. / Only five. (她)才5岁。 （四）对划线部分提问规则：第一步，找准特殊疑问词。第二步，提前或加助动词。第三步，作变化抄剩余词。 (does 是个照妖镜，动词见了现原形。)Eg. Her mother goes to school by bike. (对划线提问)A:找准 特殊疑问词：How B:加助动词（三单时）： doesC:作变化(goesgo) 抄剩余词： her mother go to school即：How does her mother go to school?四、不定冠词的用法名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a， an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。（一）用途表示“一”，用于可数名词的单数形式前。 The pany needs a worker.表示“一类”，指一类人或事物，用在可数名词单数前。 An elephant is bigger than a cat. （二）用法7A UNIT 2 Daily life练习题一、单项选择1. My home is near my school, so I am late. A. always B. sometimes C. often D. seldom 2. What Sam after class? He takes part in the school band practice. A. is; do B. does; do C. do ; do D. does；does 3. Tom is good at playing.A. piano B. a pianoC. pianos D. the piano二、句型转换1.She with her best friend often flies a kite in the park.(改为一般疑问句) _2.She always goes to the Swimming Club on Tuesday afternoon.(否定句)_三、动词填空1. He often_ ( go)to school on foot every day.2. I always_ (go) to the park on Sundays.知识点1.My school is close to my home, so I always go to school on foot.（page17）be close to 离近= near =beside= not far away from(上节课学过）so在此处用作连词，表示结果“因此；所以”的意思。不可以将because和so同在一个句子里。（他们两个就像两只老虎，一山不能容二虎。类似的还有although/ though 和but。）语法一、一般现在时一般现在时，动词一般用原形。表述事实讲真理，习惯动作常发生。动词词尾加-s(es)，只表单数三人称。若变一般疑问句，得看句型是哪种。系表结构和there be，be放句首可完成；若遇实义动词句，do或does莫忘用。 （一）含义：表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征或状态。1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。（二）一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，即要在动词后加-s 或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。（三）一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。（do/does） 否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：She does not play the guitar. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?（四）动词碰到第三人称单数时，要进行相应的变化: 动词+s的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如： work - works2. 以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies carry - carries4. have - has二、频度副词频度副词的排列顺序always总是，一直100%usually通常80%左右often经常50%sometimes有时20%seldom很少5%never从不，绝不0%频度副词位置be后 He is always kind to others. 他总是对别人很好。实动前 I often get up early. 我经常起得早。助主间 I can never forget the day. 我每天步行去上学。（助动词和主要的实义动词间）对频度副词提问时，用how often.-How often do you go to see your grandparents? -Once a week.7A Unit3 The Earth练习题一.单项选择（每小题1分，共10分）1. There _ a book and two pens on the desk. A. is B. are C. be D. /2. Its important _ us to study hard.A. to B. for C. on D. with知识点1.Its important for us to protect the Earth for our future.(page31)为了我们的未来，保护地球很重要。 【Its +形容词+for sb.+to do sth.】 It在句中作形式主语，整整的主语为不定式to protect the Earth.动词不定式作主语，可以放在句前也可以放在句后。 句中的谓语动词用单数。语法一、some和anysome和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。some意为“一些”，常用在肯定句中，+可数名词复数。如：some books一些书，some boys一些男孩+不可数名词，如：some water一些水，some tea一些茶叶any意为“任何一些”，它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，常用于疑问句和否定句。Can I ask you some questions？用some表示希望得到对方肯定答复。Can you lend me some money?能借点钱给我吗?二、名词的数可数名词有复数形式。不可数名词一般没有复数形式。（一）可数名词的单复数1. 单数可数名词表示名词的单数，要在名词前加不定冠词a或an. 2.复数可数名词情况 构成方法 例词一般情况 在词尾加sdesk-desks girl-girls以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加-esbus-buses Fish-fishes以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加-esFamilies Party-parties以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-esKnife-knives Wife-wives以辅音字母加o结尾的词在词尾加-esPotato-potatoes Hero-heroes英雄（heroes)爱吃西红柿(tomatoes)和土豆(potatoes）。注意：不规则变化元音发生变化 man-men男人 woman-women女人 foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth牙单复数形式相同 Deer-deer鹿 fish-fish鱼 sheep-sheep绵羊 Chinese-Chinese中国人词尾发生变化 Child-children孩子 ox-oxen公牛 有些名词只有复数形式 Clothes衣服 trousers裤子 glasses眼镜 scissors剪子以f, fe 结尾的在初中范围变为ves 的词有： 妻子持刀去宰狼， （wife，knife，wolf)小偷吓得发了慌； ( thief）躲在架后保己命， （shelf, self, life)半片树叶遮目光。 (half , leaf)由man，woman和另外一个名词构成的词组，两部分都变复数man writermen writers woman teacherwomen teachers 二、There be句型There be结构表示“在某地存在某人或某物”。肯定式There be +主语+其它There is a pen and three books in the desk.There are three books and a pen in the desk.否定式There be +not+主语+其他There isnt any water? 一般疑问句Be there +主语+其他？Yes,there be./No,there be+notAre there any books in your bags?Yes,there are./no,there arent注意事项：There be中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。（主谓一致，就近原则）7A UNIT 4 Seasons练习题一.单项选择（每小题1分，共10分）1. The baby feels _ while his mother holds him in her arms.A. save B. safe C. safely D. safety 2. Jason usually spends half an hour _ his homework every night.A. in B. on C. at D. to3. The weather is usually _ in Harbin in winter.A. rainy B. snowy C. hot D. warm4. It is exciting _ kites in spring.A. fly B. to fly C. flying D. flies5. The leaves _ in autumn every year.A. change B. changing C. to change D. changes知识点1. People usually spend time with their relatives during the Spring Festival.（page45） 在春节期间，人们通常都是和亲戚一起度过。 spend 动词“度过”，spend time with sb.意为“与某人一起度过时光”人+spend+时间/金钱+ on sth. “某人花费多少时间/金钱在某事上” 如： spend money on books人+ spend+时间/金钱+ (in) doing sth. 表示“花费多少时间/金钱做某事”如：She spends all day (in) learning English.语法形容词是表示人或事物的性质、状态。一、形容词的用法1、形容词作定语(1)大多数形容词作定语修饰名词时，其位置在被修饰的名词前，说明名词的品质或特征。 She is a tall girl.她是一个高个子女孩。 He is a good teacher.他是一名好老师。(2)当被修饰的词是不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词，作定语时要后置。I would like something cheap.我想要点便宜的东西。Is there anything new in that book?那本书里有什么新东西吗？2.句型“It is +adj.（形容词）+to do sth.（不定式短语）” 这个句型中，常用important, interesting, exciting, nice, easy, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, important等形容词。 It is important to listen to the teacher carefully in class.课堂上认真听老师讲课很重要。二、形容词变名词的方法1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词（尤其是一些与天气有关的名词） rainrainy多雨的，cloudcloudy多云的，healthhealthy健康的，lucklucky幸运的注意：如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音 字母再加-y。如sunsunny晴朗的，fogfoggy有雾的，funfunny有趣的；如果以不发音的字母e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加y。如： noisenoisy吵闹的,iceicy冰冷2.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。 carecareful小心的，thankthankful感谢的，helphelpful有帮助的3.一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。 Chinachinese，JapanJapanese, EnglandEnglish, AmericaAmerican4.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。 danger-dangerous5.在名词后加-ly变为形容词。 friendfriendly, lovelovely(以-ly结尾的还有lonely, lively)6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义形容词。如：carecareless粗心的, useuseless无用的7.一些以-ence结尾的名词，把-ence改为ent变成形容词。如： differencedifferent不同的, silencesilent安静的七年级上册中期小结一Choose the best answer（5分）()1. Mr. Smith, SPCA officer, will e to our school tomorrow. A. aB. anC. theD. / () 2.Theplane is faster than the train ,but its .A. cheapB. cheaperC .expensiveD. more expensive()3.How are you going to get home.?A. /B. atC. toD. by () 4.A:did you stay there? B:For three months.A. How oftenB. How farC. How soonD. how long ()5.Jenny is my desk mate. She sits me.A. besideB. behindC. oppositeD. in front of二. Rewrite the sentences. （4 分）1. Ben has already learnt to drive a car. (改为一般疑问句)_ Ben learnt to drive a car _?2. Peter goes to visit grandma once a week .(对划线部分提问)_ _does Peter go to visi tgrandma?三、Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案) （ 5分）An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man ,andhe quickly spent all the money, so that soon he had nothing left. Of course ,when that happened, all his friends left him. When he was quite poor and alone ,he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind ,clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles.My money has finished and my friends have gone, said the young man.What will happen to me now?Dont worry , young man ,answered Nasreddin. Everything will soon be all right again. Wait, and you will soon feel much happier.The young man was very glad. Am I going to get rich again then?he asked Nasreddin.No, I didnt mean that, said the old man.I meant that you would soon get used to （习惯于）being poor and to having no friends.Multiple choice()1.An old man died and left his son_.A. nothingB. some goldC. much moneyD. only a house( ) 2.When the son was_, he went to seeNasreddin. A. short of moneyB. quite poor and sick C. in troubleD. quite poor and alone() 3.The young man was very glad because Nasreddin said that_. A. he would bee rich again B. he would soon feel much happier C. he would bee cleverD. he would have more friends() 4.Nasreddin meant the young man_. A. would get rich again B. would get used to having nothing C. would get used to being in troubleD. would get out of poorness() 5.The young man was very glad because Nasreddin said that . A. he would bee rich again B. he would soon feel much happier C. he would bee clever D. he would have more friends四、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.(在短文的空格内填 入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) （5分）Dogs are our friends. Many years ago, people lived with dogs in caves. They guarded the caves and k_1_people safe from danger. Today, dogs help people in many d_2_ ways. They help the police c_3_ thieves and find missing people.Theycanguardourhomesandplayw_4us.S_5_weshouldbe kind to dogs and take care of them with love.四、Use the information int he table to write at least 60 words on the topic of“MyPenfriend”. (10分)MarySexMaleNationalityAmericanAge13FamilymemberMum and Dad, onebrother and shePetMimi,adogSchoolNew York Junior High SchoolFavourite subjectsEnglish, MathsInterestsSwimming,