沪教牛津版七上-U1-4知识点、语法.doc

7A UNIT 1 Making friends
练习题
一、用a ，an，the 或者 \ 填空
1. There is ______ water on the floor.
2. There is ___ orange on ____ desk.
3. There is _____ ‘m’ in ‘climb’ and there is ______ ‘u’ in ‘country’.
4.
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Nick ____ ___(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
3. ______ they ________(like) pears?
4. She is a ________ ( German ) girl.
5. I’d like ________ ( drink ) a cup of tea.

三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _____________

四、单项选择
11. —Lily is _______English girl.
—And she is _______friendly girl.
A. a； an B. a； a C. an；a D. an； an
14. Jason’s favourite _______are English and maths.
A. hobbies B. subjects C. mountains D. rivers
20. —_______do you go to school?
—By school bus.
A. How B. What time C. Why D. Which

知识点
1. Read a German girl’s blog。(Page1）
German ：
① adj.德国的 （德国人的，德语的） This is a German car。
② n.德国人 ，是可数名词。复数形式要在后面加“s”。 意为“德语”时，是不可数名词。
Eg.Germans speak German。

中日不变，英法变，其余S加后面。 （关于单复数）
中国China，中国人/中文Chinese 日本Japan，日本人/日语Japanese，
法国France，法国人/法语French 英国England/Britain/U.K.英国人/英语English
Frenchman、Englishman等的复数 把a改为e.

2. Every day，I go to school by school bus.（page3）
go to school是一个固定搭配，不要在“ school”前加“the”。因为它并不指具体的某所学校。所在在前面不要加任何冠词。
Go to bed 睡觉 ； go to hospital去医院； at home 在家
注意：play basketball/football(球类），不用加“the”。
Play the piano/violin（乐器），要加“the”。

3. I like many sports.（page3）
many ：许多。修饰可数名词复数。Many sports 许多人
Much：许多。修饰不可数名词 much water/time 许多水/手机
a lot of既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。

4. I’d like to be your e-friend. 我想成为你的网友。（page11）
I’d like =I would like 想要
用法：①would like +名词 如： I’d like an apple.
②would like +to do sth
注意：①would like 没有人称和数的变化。
②would like 构成的一般疑问句中，表示“一些”和“某物”时，要用“some”和“something”，而不用“any”和“anything”。
Would you like some bread.——Yes，please./No,thanks.

语法
一、人称代词

单 数
复 数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
物主代词
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
1. am只能和第一人称单数I(我)连用，
2. is和单数第三人称he /she /it(他/她/它)连用，
3. are和复数第一和第三人称复数及第二人称的单复数连用。
口诀: 我（I）是（am），你（you）是（are,）is就跟他/她/它。
二、句子模式
两种句子模式：
A：无行为动作句子，简称“Be动词句子模式”。就是这个句子里面没有表示行为动作的部分，造句时就用 Be动词的形式。
B：有行为动词句子，简称“行为动词句子模式”。
v 例如： （1）我在家。I am at home.
（2）我在家吃早饭。 I have breakfast at home.
三、特殊疑问句
以疑问代词what, who, whom, whose, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how等放在句首提问的句子，叫特殊疑问句。答句必须针对问句中的疑问词来回答。
(一）各种疑问词的用法：

(二)

（三）回答：不能用yes / no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。
如： -How old is your sister? 你妹妹今年多大了？
　 　-She’s only five. / Only five. (她)才5岁。
（四）对划线部分提问规则：
第一步，找准特殊疑问词。
第二步，提前或加助动词。
第三步，作变化抄剩余词。 (does 是个照妖镜，动词见了现原形。)
Eg. Her mother goes to school by bike. (对划线提问)
A:找准 特殊疑问词：How B:加助动词（三单时）： does
C:作变化(goes—go) 抄剩余词： her mother go to school
即：How does her mother go to school?
四、不定冠词的用法
名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，
可数名词单，须用a或an，
辅音前用a， an在元音前，
若为特指时，则须用定冠，
复数不可数，泛指the不见，
碰到代词时，冠词均不现。
（一）用途
①表示“一”，用于可数名词的单数形式前。 The pany needs a worker.
②表示“一类”，指一类人或事物，用在可数名词单数前。 An elephant is bigger than a cat.
（二）用法

7A UNIT 2 Daily life
练习题
一、单项选择
1. My home is near my school, so I am late.
A. always B. sometimes C. often D. seldom
2. —What Sam after class?
—He takes part in the school band practice.
A. is; do B. does; do C. do ; do D. does；does
3. Tom is good at playing.
A. piano B. a piano C. pianos D. the piano
二、句型转换
1.She with her best friend often flies a kite in the park.(改为一般疑问句)
___________________________________________________
2.She always goes to the Swimming Club on Tuesday afternoon.(否定句)
___________________________________________________
三、动词填空
1. He often________ ( go)to school on foot every day.
2. I always________ (go) to the park on Sundays.
知识点
1.My school is close to my home, so I always go to school on foot.（page17）
①be close to 离……近= near =beside= not far away from(上节课学过）
②so在此处用作连词，表示结果“因此；所以”的意思。不可以将because和so同在一个句子里。（他们两个就像两只老虎，一山不能容二虎。类似的还有although/ though 和but。）
语法
一、一般现在时
一般现在时，动词一般用原形。
表述事实讲真理，习惯动作常发生。
 动词词尾加-s(es)，只表单数三人称。
 若变一般疑问句，得看句型是哪种。
 系表结构和there be，be放句首可完成；
 若遇实义动词句，do或does莫忘用。
（一）含义：表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征或状态。
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
（二）一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，即要在动词后加"-s" 或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
（三）一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
　①否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
　②一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
　③特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。（do/does）
　 ①否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：She does not play the guitar.
　 ②一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
　 ③特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?
（四）动词碰到第三人称单数时，要进行相应的变化:
动词+s的变化规则
1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如： work - works
2. 以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies carry - carries
4. have - has
二、频度副词
①频度副词的排列顺序
always
总是，一直
100%
usually
通常
80%左右
often
经常
50%
sometimes
有时
20%
seldom
很少
5%
never
从不，绝不
0%
②频度副词位置
be后 He is always kind to others. 他总是对别人很好。
实动前 I often get up early. 我经常起得早。
助主间  I can never forget the day. 我每天步行去上学。（助动词和主要的实义动词间）
③对频度副词提问时，用how often.
--How often do you go to see your grandparents? --Once a week.

7A Unit3 The Earth
练习题

一.单项选择（每小题1分，共10分）
1. There ____ a book and two pens on the desk.
A. is B. are C. be D. /
2. It’s important _______ us to study hard.
A. to B. for C. on D. with
知识点
1.It's important for us to protect the Earth for our future.(page31)
为了我们的未来，保护地球很重要。
【It's +形容词+for sb.+to do sth.】
It在句中作形式主语，整整的主语为不定式to protect the Earth.动词不定式作主语，可以放在句前也可以放在句后。 句中的谓语动词用单数。
语法
一、some和any
some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。
①some意为“一些”，常用在肯定句中，
+可数名词复数。如：some books一些书，some boys一些男孩
+不可数名词，如：some water一些水，some tea一些茶叶
②any意为“任何一些”，它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，常用于疑问句和否定句。
③Can I ask you some questions？
用some表示希望得到对方肯定答复 。Can you lend me some money?能借点钱给我吗?
二、名词的数

可数名词有复数形式。不可数名词一般没有复数形式。

（一）可数名词的单复数
1. 单数可数名词
表示名词的单数，要在名词前加不定冠词a或an.
2.复数可数名词
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
在词尾加s
desk-desks girl-girls
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词
在词尾加-es
bus-buses Fish-fishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词
变y为i再加-es
Families Party-parties
以f或fe结尾的词
变f或fe为v再加-es
Knife-knives Wife-wives
以辅音字母加o结尾的词
在词尾加-es
Potato-potatoes Hero-heroes
英雄（heroes)爱吃西红柿(tomatoes)和土豆(potatoes）。
注意：不规则变化
①元音发生变化
man-men男人 woman-women女人 foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth牙
②单复数形式相同
Deer-deer鹿 fish-fish鱼 sheep-sheep绵羊 Chinese-Chinese中国人
③词尾发生变化
Child-children孩子 ox-oxen公牛
④ 有些名词只有复数形式
Clothes衣服 trousers裤子 glasses眼镜 scissors剪子
⑤以f, fe 结尾的在初中范围变为ves 的词有：
妻子持刀去宰狼， （wife，knife，wolf)
小偷吓得发了慌； ( thief）
躲在架后保己命， （shelf, self, life)
半片树叶遮目光。 (half , leaf)
⑥由man，woman和另外一个名词构成的词组，两部分都变复数
man writer—men writers woman teacher—women teachers
二、There be句型
There be结构表示“在某地存在某人或某物”。
肯定式
There be +主语+其它
There is a pen and three books in the desk.
There are three books and a pen in the desk.
否定式
There be +not+主语+其他
There isn’t any water?
一般疑问句
Be there +主语+其他？
Yes,there be./No,there be+not
Are there any books in your bags?
Yes,there are./no,there aren’t
注意事项：
There be中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。（主谓一致，就近原则）

7A UNIT 4 Seasons
练习题
一.单项选择（每小题1分，共10分）

1. The baby feels _________ while his mother holds him in her arms.
A. save B. safe C. safely D. safety
2. Jason usually spends half an hour __________ his homework every night.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
3. The weather is usually __________ in Harbin in winter.
A. rainy B. snowy C. hot D. warm
4. It is exciting __________ kites in spring.
A. fly B. to fly C. flying D. flies
5. The leaves __________ in autumn every year.
A. change B. changing C. to change D. changes
知识点
1. People usually spend time with their relatives during the Spring Festival.（page45）
在春节期间，人们通常都是和亲戚一起度过。
①spend 动词“度过”，spend time with sb.意为“与某人一起度过时光”
②人+spend+时间/金钱+ on sth. “某人花费多少时间/金钱在某事上”
如： spend money on books
③人+ spend+时间/金钱+ (in) doing sth. 表示“花费多少时间/金钱做某事”
如：She spends all day (in) learning English.
语法
形容词是表示人或事物的性质、状态。
一、形容词的用法
1、形容词作定语
(1)大多数形容词作定语修饰名词时，其位置在被修饰的名词前，说明名词的品质或特征。
　　She is a tall girl.她是一个高个子女孩。　 He is a good teacher.他是一名好老师。
(2)当被修饰的词是不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词，作定语时要后置。
I would like something cheap.我想要点便宜的东西。　
Is there anything new in that book?那本书里有什么新东西吗？　　

2.句型“It is +adj.（形容词）+to do sth.（不定式短语）”
　 这个句型中，常用important, interesting, exciting, nice, easy, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, important等形容词。
It is important to listen to the teacher carefully in class.课堂上认真听老师讲课很重要。

二、形容词变名词的方法
1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词（尤其是一些与天气有关的名词）
rain—rainy多雨的，cloud—cloudy多云的，health—healthy健康的，luck—lucky幸运的
注意：①如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音
字母再加-y。如sun—sunny晴朗的，fog—foggy有雾的，fun—funny有趣的；
②如果以不发音的字母e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加y。如：
noise—noisy吵闹的,　ice—icy冰冷
2.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。
care—careful小心的，thank—thankful感谢的，help—helpful有帮助的
3.一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。
　 China—chinese，Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American
4.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。 danger--dangerous
5.在名词后加-ly变为形容词。 friend—friendly, love—lovely(以-ly结尾的还有lonely, lively)
6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义形容词。如：care—careless粗心的, use—useless无用的
7.一些以-ence结尾的名词，把-ence改为ent变成形容词。
如： difference—different不同的, silence—silent安静的

七年级上册中期小结
一．Choose the best answer （5分）
( )1. Mr. Smith, SPCA officer, will e to our school tomorrow.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 2.Theplane is faster than the train ,but it’s .
A. cheap B. cheaper C .expensive D. more expensive
( )3.How are you going to get home.?
A. / B. at C. to D. by
( ) 4.A: did you stay there? B:For three months.
A. How often B. How far C. How soon D. how long
( )5.Jenny is my desk mate. She sits me.
A. beside B. behind C. opposite D. in front of

二. Rewrite the sentences. （4 分）
1. Ben has already learnt to drive a car. (改为一般疑问句)
________ Ben learnt to drive a car ________?
2. Peter goes to visit grandma once a week .(对划线部分提问)
________ ___________does Peter go to visi tgrandma?

三、Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案) （ 5分）
An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man ,and
he quickly spent all the money, so that soon he had nothing left. Of course ,when that happened, all his friends left him. When he was quite poor and alone ,he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind ,clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles.
"My money has finished and my friends have gone, "said the young man."What will happen to me now?"
"Don't worry , young man ,"answered Nasreddin. "Everything will soon be all right again. Wait, and you will soon feel much happier."
The young man was very glad. "Am I going to get rich again then?"he asked Nasreddin.
"No, I didn't mean that, "said the old man."I meant that you would soon get used to （习惯于）being poor and to having no friends."
Multiple choice
( )1.An old man died and left his son_______.
A. nothing B. some gold C. much money D. only a house
( ) 2.When the son was________, he went to see Nasreddin. A. short of money B. quite poor and sick
C. in trouble D. quite poor and alone
( ) 3.The young man was very glad because Nasreddin said that ____.
A. he would bee rich again B. he would soon feel much happier
C. he would bee clever D. he would have more friends
( ) 4.Nasreddin meant the young man______.
A. would get rich again B. would get used to having nothing
C. would get used to being in trouble D. would get out of poorness
( ) 5.The young man was very glad because Nasreddin said that .
A. he would bee rich again B. he would soon feel much happier
C. he would bee clever D. he would have more friends

四、．Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.(在短文的空格内填 入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) （5分）
Dogs are our friends. Many years ago, people lived with dogs in caves. They guarded the caves and k___1___people safe from danger. Today, dogs help people in many d___2____ ways. They help the police c___3___ thieves and find missing people.Theycanguardourhomesandplayw___4 us.S___5___weshouldbe kind to dogs and take care of them with love.

四、Use the information int he table to write at least 60 words on the topic of

“My Penfriend”. (10分)
Mary
Sex
Male
Nationality
American
Age
13
Familymember
Mum and Dad, onebrother and she
Pet
Mimi,adog
School
New York Junior High School
Favourite subjects
English, Maths
Interests
Swimming,