高一英语时态语态.doc

I. 讲解
时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时。

形式
时间
一般
进行
完成
现在
do

does
am
is doing
are
have
done
has
过去
did
was
doing
were
had done
将来
shall
do
will
will be doing
shall
have done
will
过去将来
Should
do
would
would be doing

（一）一般现在时
1．通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在状态或经常的习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。
The old man _________ (go)to park every morning.
2．表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。
The earth __________ (go) round the sun.
3．表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。
The train ____________ (start) at seven in the morning.
4．在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。
I’ll go with you, if you ________ (be) free tomorrow.
（二）一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或情况。常与表示过去的时间状语ago, yesterday , last week, in the old days ,when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用。
They _________ (begin)to work two months ago.
2．一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。
I __________________ (not expect) you were waiting for us.
3．used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不做了”之意。be used to do sth. 意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表示目的，可用于多种时态。be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事。
He used to ___________________ (get up) early .
He will be used to _________________ (get up) early .
Wood is used to ______________ (make) paper.
（三）一般将来时
1、表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有later(on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。
I ______________________ (be) eighteen years old next year.
He ______________ (not go) to the airport to meet her this afternoon.
2、一般将来时的其它表示形式
（1）一般现在时表将来
①按照计划或时刻表要发生的事情。
The new library ____________ (open) next month.
The plane ________________ (take off) at 3:00 P.m.
②在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。
If you __________________ (leave) tomorrow , I’ll see you at the airport.
When she ___________ (e), I’ll tell her about it.
（2）现在进行时表将来
现在进行时表示将来，往往是指计划好或准备要做的事。一些表示动作转换的终止性动词，如go, e, leave, start, begin，stay，take off，arrive等，或者也称为位移性动词，其进行时表示马上要做某事。
I ___________ (take) the kids to the zoo this Sunday.
He ____________(leave) school in one year’s time.
（3）be to do sth结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
The president ____________(visit) Japan in May.
I __________________ (get) married next year.
（4）be about to do. 结构表示“刚要做某事，马上要做某事，正要做某事”，强调动作即将发生（不跟表将来的时间状语连用）。
We are about to ______________ (discuss) this problem.
They were about to ____________(leave) when the telephone rang.
3、will和be going to的区别。
（1）will多表示带意愿色彩的将来或客观上将来要发生的事，也可表示临时做出决定将要做的事。
I ______________(stay) with you and help you.
—You have left the light on.
— Oh, so I have. I _______________ (go) and turn it off.
（2）be going to常用于口语中，主要用来表示将发生的动作或存在的状态、打算或准备要做的事或根据某种迹象判断可能将要发生的事。
There__________________________ (be) an English film this evening.
Look at those clouds. It_____________________(rain). 看那些乌云，要下雨了。
（四）现在完成时
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already, ever, never, just ,yet等副词连用。
I ________ just _____________(finish) my homework.
2、表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续持续下去，此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或加一个现在时间。
I ________________________ (know) him for three years.
He ____________________ (live) here since 1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿。
【注意】（1）因为含有for加一段时间或since加一时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有延续性的特点，所以不能使用瞬间动词。
My sister __________________________ (marry) for 5 years.
My sister_________________ (marry). Don’t disturb her.
（2）在This/That/It is the first/second/third/..time that..句型里，从句要用现在完成时。
This is the second time that the products of our pany ____________________(show) in the International Exhibition.
（3）句型It is/has been...since..所使用的两种时态都正确。
It _________________(be) 10 years since I last saw him.
（五）过去完成时
1、过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。
When we got to the station, the train __________________ (leave).
2、过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。
By the end of last month, we ________________(review) four books.
3、表示思维的动词用过去完成时，意为“原本……（但事与愿违）”。
I _____________________ (think) that he would win.
We _______________________(believe) that he could tell the truth.
（六）现在进行时
1、现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。
Listen, someone ____________ (cry).
What ________ you ___________ (do) these days?
2、有时，现在进行时也与always等副词连用，表示反复出现的习惯性动作，用以表达说话人赞扬、讨厌等情绪。
He ______ always _____________ (ask) the same question.（厌烦）
3、动词go, e, leave, arrive, start, begin, end等表将要发生的动作时也用现在进行时。
They ________________________ (leave) for Shanghai.
4、状态动词be, have, belong to, remember, know, love, like, prefer, remember, forget, hope, wish, want, see, hear, find, feel等一般不用于进行时。
________ you __________ (know) where he is?
（七）过去进行时
1、表示在过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在发生的动作。
I __________________ (do) my homework at this time yesterday.
2、如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
I __________________________ (wash) my hair when you knocked at the door. 你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。
【辨析】现在完成时与一般过去时
现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带，它强调过去的动作对现在的影响；一般过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。试比较：
He ____________ (work) in that hospital for 8 years.
(表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，可能现在仍在那家医院工作。)
He ______________ (work) in that hospital for 8 years.
(这只是讲述一个过去的事实，表示他现在已经不在那家医院了。)
_________ you__________ (have) your lunch?
What __________ you _____________ (have) for lunch?
I _________________________ the Great Wall, and I __________ there last summer. 我去过长城，我去年夏天去的。
II．巩固练习
1. Here ______ the bus!     
A. is ing             B. es            C.  has e       D. has been ing
2. It’s the third time I ______ him this month.         
 A. had seen           B. see           C. saw         D. have seen 
3. If you go to the western suburbs of the city, you ______ a lot of new buildings.         
A. will see          B. have seen         C. see             D. are going to see
4. —I have bought an English -Chinese dictionary.  
— When and where ______ you ______ it? 
A. do buy        B. did buy        C. have bought       D. had bought
5. She showed him the photo she ______ the day before.     
A. has taken           B. took          C. was taking         D. had taken
6. While Tom ______, his sister is writing.                 
A. reads          B. has read        C. has been reading     D. is reading 
7. By the time he was ten, Edison ______ experiments in chemistry.
A. had already done   B. already had done      C. was already doing  D. already did   
8. I don’t know if it ______ or not tomorrow.          
A. will snow          B. snows          C. has snowed         D. is snowing
9. He was sixty-eight. In two years he ______ seventy.  
A. was going to be     B. would be     C. had been       D. will be 
10. Tom ______ for more than a week.      
A. has left        B. has gone away          C. went away        D. has been away 
11. He said that honesty ______ the key to success.               
A. was             B. will be                  C. is                 D. is being
12. Joan has gone to London this morning. She ______ there till next Monday. 
A. will have stayed    B. has stayed     C. is staying        D. has been staying
13. We ______ each other since I left Shanghai.        
A. haven’t seen        B. hadn’t seen          C. didn’t see             D. wouldn’t see 
14. I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I ______ it.
A. will finish         B. am going to finish      C. finished         D. have finished 
15. She has bought some cloth; she ______ herself a dress.
A. makes          B. is going to make        C. would make          D. has made       
16. Don’t go and bother him. He ______ in the room.      
A. writes          B. has written           C. is writing        D. has been writing
17. The reason why prices ________, and still are, too high is plex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
18. Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked
19. She told me that her father ______ to the post office when I arrived
A. just went          B. has just gone        C. had just gone      D. had just been going
20. Don’t get off until the bus ______.                 
A. stopped          B. will stop             C. will have stopped   D. stops 
21. He must have sensed that I ____ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"
A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at
22. He ______ with us since he returned last month.   
A. lives           B. lived            C. had lived     D. has lived
23. They ______ to help but could not get here in time.  
A. had wanted    B. have wanted   C. was wanting   D. want
24. They will go to work in the countryside when they ______ school next year.
A. will leave         B. will have leave   C. are leaving      D. leave 
25. I didn’t know when they ______ again.         
A. came             B. were ing    C. had e        D. had been ing 
26. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ______ my book in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left C. would leave D. was leaving
27. They ______ here for more than a month.       
A. have arrived        B. have reached        C. have e     D. have been 
28. We ______ a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.    
A. had had        B. would have           C. were having         D. had
29. She told us she had met you in London last year. ______ you ______ her since?
A. Had; met          B. Did; see           C. Would; meet        D. Have; seen
30. It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to e.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
31. —Is Peter ing?
—No, he______ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A. Changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed
32. I ______ Tom has made a mistake.  
A. am thinking       B. shall think          C. think           D. have been thinking  
33. I ______ writing the article now.   
A. finish           B. is finishing         C. finished          D. have finished
34. When ______ you ______ to study English?                 
A. have; begun          B. did; begin          C. had; begun         D. do; begin 
35. He was taken into hospital last week. In fact he ______ ill for three months.
A. has been           B. has got           C. had fallen          D. had been
III．完形提升
 When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then I had a    l    problem and had to go to hospital for a     2    examination.
It seemed a small     3    pared to the one I was about to face, but things started to go     4    right from the beginning. Not having a car or     5    the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B.     6    I'd left myself plenty of time, soon it was     7    I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the     8    direction.
I   9    the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.  I look into the eyes of a     l 0  , who was trying to get past me.     L1   , instead of moving on, she stopped to ask if I was     l2   .  After I explained my     l3    to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, where a bus would take me back into the city to my     l4   . Sitting there waiting, I felt     l5    that someone had been willing to help.
    16   , hearing a horn nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend     17    at me to get in.
She had returned to offer me a   18    to the hospital.
Such unexpected     19   from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive. As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose     20   , for all things are possible.
 1. A. physical             B. traveling C. social                 D. housing
 2. A. scientific                      B. final C. previous                       D. thorough
 3. A. chance                       B. challenge C. success                      D. error
 4. A. wrong                         B. easy C. fast                           D. ahead
 5. A. leaving                            B. visiting C. knowing                      D. appreciating
 6. A. Although                    B. Since C. Unless                        D. Once
 7. A strange                        B. necessary C. obvious                    D. important
 8. A. same                          B. right C. general                      D. opposite
 9. A. looked at                        B. waited for C. got off                        D. ran into
 10. A driver                        B. friend C. stranger                    D. gentleman
 11. A. Especially                  B. Surprisingly C. Probably                    D. Normally
 12. A. nervous                      B. excited       C. OK                           D. dangerous
 13. A. idea                                 B. motivation C. excuse                     D. situation
 14. A. appointment               B. apartment C. direction                   D. station
 15. A. afraid                      B. grateful C. certain                     D. disappointed
 16. A. Thus                           B. Then C. Perhaps                    D. Surely
 17. A staring                           B. laughing.   C. waving                     D. shouting
 18. A. lift                                B. suggestion C. bike                          D. guidebook
 19. A. results                       B. news C. kindness                     D. appearance
 20. A. power                       B. faith C. touch                       D. support
IV. 阅读理解
A
A normal conversation between strangers involves more than talk. It also involves the dynamics of space interaction. If one person gets too close, the other person will back up. If the first person invades the other’s space again, the other person will back up again. The person who finds himself backing up is trying to increase the distance of the fort zone. The person closing in is trying to decrease that distance. Most likely neither person is fully aware of what is going on.
In the 1960s, American anthropologist Edward T. Hall was a pioneer in the study of human behavioral use of space. His field of study became known as proxemics (空间关系学). Hall said that personal space for people in the United States can be defined as having four distinct zones：the intimate zone within 18 inches of your body, for whispering and embracing; the personal zone of 18 inches to four feet, for talking with close friends; the social zone of four to 10 feet, for conversing with acquaintance; and the public zone of 10 to 25 feet, for interaction with strangers or talking to a group.
Historians say that our standards of personal space began with the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. In cities such as London and New York, people of different social and economic classes were sudd