井控英语.doc

井控英语
Think of danger in time of peace
Chapter 1 The Frequently Used-vocabulary In Well Control
井控常用词汇
1. abnormal pressure 异常压力(normal pressure,
正常压力 higher-than-normal pressure,
lower-than-normal pressure
abnormally high pressure
abnormally low pressure
2. accumulator储能器
3. accumulator bottle储能器瓶
4. acid fracture酸裂
5. adjustable choke可调节流阀
6. annular blowout preventer (BOP) 环型防喷器(ram BOP)
7. annular pressure/casing pressure环空压力(套压)(drillpipe pressure立压) pit gain
8. annular space环空(annulus)
9. annular velocity环空上返速度
10. anticline 背斜
11. atmospheric pressure 大气压(0.1Mpa)(1at)
12. background gas
背景气
13. back off 倒扣/卸扣
14. back-pressure 回压 check/单向阀
non-return valve回压凡尔
15. barite BaSO4 重晶石
16. barium sulfate BaSO4
17. barrel (bbl) gallon/加仑
1m3=6.2897bbl
18. bell nipple 钟型导向短节,(喇叭口)
19. BHP (bottom hole pressure)
20. bleed 放喷
21. bleed line放喷管线
22. blind ram 全封闸板
pipe ram 半封闸板
shear ram 剪切闸板
23. blind ram preventer全封闸板防喷器
24. blowout 井喷
(kick 井涌)
25. blowout preventer control panel防喷器控制面板
26. blowout preventer control unit防喷器控制系统
27. blowout sticking 井喷 卡钻
28. BOP stack防喷器组
29. bottom hole pressure test井底压力测试/DST----drill stem test
30. bottoms up 上返行程/lag time
31. bottoms-up time
上返时间
lag time 迟到时间
32. Boyle’s law 波依耳定律
33. bridging materials
桥堵材料
34. bullheading 压回地层压井法
35. cased hole 下入套管的 井眼
open hole section裸眼段
36. casing套管 collar 钻铤
37. casing burst pressure
套管破裂压力
38. casing point 套管下深
39. casing pressure套压
40. casing seat 套管座
41. casing string 套管柱
42. cement n.水泥
43. cement plug水泥塞
44. change ram 更换闸板
45. charles’s law 查尔斯定律(V1/T1=V2/T2)
46. check valve 单向阀
47. choke 节流阀
48. choke line节流管线
49. choke manifold节流管汇/kill manifold
50. circulate-and-weight method 循环加重法
51. concurrent method /同步法
52. circulating components
循环系统
53. circulating density循环 密度
54. circulating fluid=drilling fluid=mud/slurry
55. circulating head 循环 头
56. circulating pressure循环压力
57. circulation循环
lost circulation 井漏
58. clay hydration 粘土水化
59. closed-in pressure
shut-in pressure 关井压力
60. concurrent method同步法
61. condition v. 处理,改善, 调整
62. connate water 原生水
63. connection gas 接单根气
64. constant choke-pressure method 恒节流压力法
65. constant pit-level method 恒泥浆池液面法
pit gain 泥浆池增量
66. crystallization 结晶地层
67. degasser 除气器
68. diverter 分流器
69. diverter line分流器管线
70. drag 旋转阻力
71. driller’s BOP control panel 司钻控制台
72. driller’s method 司钻 法 wait-and-weight method 等待加重法/工程师法
73. drilling break 钻速突快/放空
74. drilling fluid=drilling mud 钻井液
75. drilling rate 机械钻速
ROP—rate of penetration
m/h drilling time—钻时 min/m
76. drilling under pressure/under balance pressure drilling
欠平衡钻井
drilling over pressure /过平衡
near-balance pressure drilling/近平衡
77. drill pipe float 钻杆浮阀
78. drill pipe pressure 立压
79. drill pipe pressure gauge立压表
80. drill pipe safety valve
钻杆安全阀
Kelly cock
81. drill stem 钻柱 drill string
82. DST---drilling stem test /中途测试/unintentional kick/intentional kick
83. drill under pressure v.
84. ECD---equivalent circulating density 等效/当量循环密度
85. entrained gas 气侵气
gas-cut mud/气侵泥浆
86. explosive fracture 爆破压裂
87. fault 断层
88. fill line 灌浆管线 fill-up line
89. fill the hole v. 灌浆
90. fill-up rate灌浆速度
91. filter cake 滤饼
92. filter loss 滤失量
93. filter press 失水仪
94. final circulating pressure /FCP终了循环压力/ICP---initial circulating pressure
95. flow check 溢流检测
96. formation breakdown pressure 地层破裂压力/leak-off test
97. formation competency test 地层承压能力测试
98. formation fluid地层流体
99. formation fracture gradient地层破裂压力梯度
100. formation pressure地层压力
101. formation strength地层强度
102. fracture 裂缝
103. fracture pressure破裂压力
104. friction loss压耗
105. gas气体
106. gas buster=mud-gas separator泥浆-气 体分离器
107. gas-cut mud气侵泥浆
108. gas cutting气侵
109. gas detection analyzer气体检测仪
110. geopressured shales地压页岩
111. geostatic pressure地静压力
112. geothermal gradient地温梯度
113. guide shoe引鞋
114. gunk plug油泥塞
115. hang off
116. hard shut-in硬关井
117. soft shut-in软关井
118. head 静压头
119. hole geometry/hole size井眼尺寸
120. hydraulic control pod液控箱
121. hydril海锥尔/
122. hydrogen sulfide H2S
123. hydrostatic pressure静液压力
124. IADC International Association of Drilling Contractor
125. ICP 初始循环压力
initial circulating pressure
FCP 终了循环压力
final circulating pressure
123. inside blowout preventer钻具内防喷器
inside BOP
internal BOP
126. interstitial water 原生水=connate water
127. invert-emulsion mud
逆乳化泥浆oil-base mud
128. Kelly cock 旋塞
upper kelly cock上旋塞
lower kelly cock下旋塞
126． kick 井涌/overflow
127． kick fluids井涌流体
129. kick tolerance井涌允许量
130. kill v. 压井well-kill n.
131. kill fluid压井液 MWI----mud weight increase = 102Pd/H
132. kill line 压井管线
133. kill rate 压井泵速
134. kill-rate pressure压井泵压
135. kill sheet压井施工单
fill in 填写
133． kill string 压井管柱
leak-off test 漏失测试
136. log 测井
137. log a well v. 测井
138. logging device测井仪
139. loss of circulation 井 漏
140. lost circulation井 漏
141. lost circulation additives堵漏剂
140 lost circulation materials
LCM堵漏材料
141．lost circulation plug堵漏塞
142．lost returns 井漏
143．lubricate 润滑v.
144. macaroni string
145. matrix acidizing基岩酸化
146．maximum allowable surface pressure MASP/MAASP=Pf - Pm
最大允许关井套压
147．measured depth MD
测深层
TVD =true vertical depth垂深
I．D 内径
O．D外径
148．Minerals Management Service
149. mud additive泥浆添加剂
150．mud analysis logging
泥浆录井
151. mud column泥浆柱
152. mud conditioning处理泥浆
153. mud density recorder泥浆密度记录仪
154. mud-flow indicator泥浆流速指示器
mud-flow sensor
155. mud-gas separator泥浆气体分离器
156. mud gradient 泥浆压力梯度
Gm=0.00981ρm
157. mud-level recorder泥浆液面记录仪
158. mud log 泥浆日志
159. mud logger 泥浆测量员
160. mud pit 泥浆池
161. mud program 泥浆配方
162. mud pump 泥浆泵
163. mud return line 泥浆槽
164. mud system 泥浆体系
165. mud tank 泥浆罐
166. mud weight 泥浆比重
167. nipple up 安装防喷器
168. normal circulation 正常循环
169. normal formation pressure正常地层压力
0.00981----- 0.010496 Mpa/m
170. OCS --- Outer Continental Shelf 外大陆架
171. OCS orders外大陆架法规
172. oil-base mud 油基泥浆
173. oil- emulsion mud油基乳化泥浆
174. open裸眼井,空井 open hole
175. overburden pressure上覆岩层压力
176. permeability 渗透性 impermeability
177. pipe ram preventer半封闸板防喷器
178. pit gain 泥浆池增量
179.pit-level indicator/recorder泥浆液面指示器
180. pit-volume recorder 泥浆体积记录仪
181.Pit Volume Totalizer(PVT)泥浆体积累计器
182. plug 塞子
183. plug back 回填v.
184. plugging material 填井材料cement
185. positive choke 正节流
negative differential pressure负压差
186. pounds per cubic foot
磅/英尺3
187. pounds per gallon(ppg)
磅/加仑 1g/cm3 = 8.33ppg
fresh water /brine
188. pounds per square inch gauge(psig) 磅/英寸2
压力表
189. pounds per square inch per foot psi/ft
磅/英寸2/英尺-----压力梯度单位
190. pressure drop 压力降
191. pressure gauge 压力表
192. pressure gradient 压力梯度
193. pressure-integrity test 压力完整性测试
194. pressure loss压力损失
195. preventer packer防喷器胶芯
196. rate of penetration (ROP)机械钻速 m/hr
197. reduced circulating pressure(RCP)降低的循环压力
198. remote BOP control panel =drill’s BOP control panel
防喷器遥控面板
199. remote choke panel
节流阀遥控面板
200. returns 返出物
201. reverse circulation 反循环
202． reverse drilling break 钻速突慢
203．rotating blowout preventer 旋转防喷器
204．rotating head 旋转头
205．safety valve 安全阀
206．saturation point 饱和点
207．set point =casing depth 套管下深
208．setting depth 套管固深
209．shale 页岩/泥页sand
210．shallow gas 浅气层
211．shear ram 剪切闸板
212．shut in v. 关井
213．shut-in n. 关井
214. shut-in bottomhole pressure(SIBHP)
215. shut-in casing pressure(SICP)关井套压
216. shut-in drill pipe pressure(SIDPP) 关井立压 occur a kick 发生井涌 a kick has occurred
217. snub 不压井起下钻
218. snubber不压井起下钻装置
219. snubbing line不压井起下钻管线
220. snubbing unit = snubber
221. stack 防喷器组
222. strip a well v. 强行起下钻
223. stripper head 封井头
224. stripper rubber 橡胶刮泥器
225. stripping强行起下钻作业
226. stripping in 强行下钻
227. stripping out 强行起钻
228. strip pipe强行起钻
229. stump pressure test 抗冲击压力测试
230. subsea BOP 海底防喷器
231. subsea choke-line valve 海底节流管线阀
232. surface stack 地面防喷器组
233. surging 激动压力
234. swab v. 抽汲 swabbing
波动压力---- swab-surge
235. swabbed show抽汲显示
236. swabbing 抽汲效应
237. swabbing effect 抽汲效应
238. temperature gradient 温度梯度
239. total depth (TP)总深= MD = measured depth
240. transition zone 过渡带
241. trip gas 起下钻气
242. trip margin 起钻安全余量
243. trip tank 灌浆罐
244. true vertical pressure (TVD)垂深
245. tubingless completion 无油管完井workover/修井
246. underground blowout 地下井喷
247. upper kelly cock 上旋塞
248. wait-and-weight method 等待加重法(工程师法)
249. water-base mud 水基泥浆
250. water hammer 水击
251. wellbore =well=hole 井眼
252. wellbore pressure 井眼压力
253. well control 井控
254. well kick 井涌
255. wetability 润湿性
256. wild well 失控井/自喷井
257. out of control well失控井
Chapter 2 The Basic Concepts of Well Control
井控的基本概念
1. 井喷的危害/The harms of blowout
1.1 井喷失控的危害性/ The harms of out of control for blowout
Think of danger in time of peace
居安思危
1.2 国内几起典型的井喷事故/The typical blow out incident in our country
2. 井喷失控的原因/The causes of out of control for blowout
3. 对井控工作的正确认识/The correct view to well control
4. 做好井控工作的对策/The policy to implement well control operation
5. 井控及其相关的概念/well control and relevant concepts
5.1 井控/well control /kick control/pressure control-----井控是对油气井压力控制的简称/well control is control abbreviation to oil/gas well pressure.
控制地层压力→实现近平衡压力钻井→保护油气层→提高采收率→延长油井使用寿命。
5.2 井控的三个阶段/The three stage of well control
5.2.1 一级井控/primary well control
一级井控是指利用合理的钻井液密度，正确的技术 及操作措施，满足近平衡压力钻井的要求，防止溢流发生，实现安全生产的井控工艺。
5.2.2 二级井控/secondary well control
二级井控是指及早发现溢流, 迅速实 现对井口的控制, 用压井工艺重建井内压力平衡的井控工艺。（重点）
5.2.3 三级井控/tertiary well control
三级井控是指井喷失控后，重新恢复对井的控制。
5.3 井侵/influx
当地层压力大于井底压力时, 地层孔隙中的流体(油气水)将侵入井内, 通常称为井侵。（地面除气设备处理）
5.4 溢流/overflow
地层压力大于井底压力时,地层流体在压力差的作用下向井内流动,这种流动成为溢流。
5.5 井涌/well kick
溢流进一步发展,钻井液涌出井口的现象称为井涌。
5.6 井喷/well blowout： wide-open flow畅喷
ground blowout / underground blowout
地层流体（油气水）无控制的涌入井筒，喷出地面的现象称为井喷。井喷流体自地层经井筒喷出地面叫地上井喷，从井喷地层流入其他低压地层的现象叫地下井喷。
5.7 井喷失控/out of control for blowout
井喷发生后, 无法用常规方法控制井口而出现畅喷的现象称为井喷失控。这是钻井过程中最恶性的钻井事故。
Chapter 3 The Various Pressure Concepts In Bore Hole井下各种压力的概念
压力是井控的最主要的基本概念之一，了解压力的概念及各种压力之间的关系对于掌握井控技术和防止井喷是十分常重要的。/pressure is one of the most important basic concepts. We should know the pressure concepts and the relation between various pressure. This is very important for us to master well control technology and prevent from blowout.
1．压力概念/pressure concepts
1.1 定义/Definition
所谓压力是指物体单位面积上所受的垂直力。
/pressure is the vertical force per unit area exerted by object.
1.2 公式/Formula

P----pressure压力 1Pa=1N/ m2
F----force 力 N
A----area 面积 m2
1.3 单位/unit
1.3.1 Metric System------帕(Pa)
1 Pa=1N/m2
1 Pa是1 m2面积上受到1 N的力时形成的压力。
1 N是指质量为1kg的物体获得1m/s2的加速度的力。
1MPa=103kPa=106 Pa=10bar 巴
=10.194at(kgf/cm2)≈10.2at
1at=1 kgf/cm2=98066.5 Pa
=98.0665 kPa=0.0980665 Mpa
粗略计算时,可认为:
1MPa=10kgf/cm2=10at (误差为2%)
1at=100 kPa=0.1 Mpa
1.3.2 British System-----psi
psi----pounds/inch2(pounds per square inch)
磅/英寸2
1psi=6.895 kPa≈7 kPa=0.007 Mpa
1000psi=7 Mpa
5000 psi=35 Mpa
井控中很多压力是由液体和气体产生的，但压力的概念是一样的，所不同的是液体和气体在某点的压力在各个方向都相等。
2．静液压力/Hydrostatic Pressure
2.1 定义/Definition
静液压力由静止液体重力产生的压力。
Hydrostatic Pressure is the force exerted by the weight of static fluid.
“hydro”------water or liquid
“static”-------at rest
2.2 公式 /Formula
Ph= gρH= 0.00981ρH Mpa
2.3 钻井液的静液压力/ Hydrostatic Pressure of Drilling Fluid
在钻井作业中, 钻井液的静液压力是由井中钻井液产生的。
Pm= 0.00981ρm H
Where:
ρm----density of drilling fluid. g/cm3(kg/l)
H------TVD 垂深 m
For example:
ρm =1.2 g/cm3 , H=2000m,
Calculate: Pm
Answer: Pm=0.00981ρm H
=0.00981*1.2*2000
=23.544(Mpa)
In drilling, hydrostatic pressure is the force exerted by drilling fluid in the wellbore. When formation pressure is greater than hydrostatic pressure, formation fluid may enter the wellbore. If formation fluid enter the well bore because formation pressure is higher than hydrostatic pressure, a kick has occurred. If prompt action is not taken to control the kick, or kill the well, a blowout may occur. To control a well, a proper balance between pressure in the formation and pressure in wellbore must be maintained; Hydrostatic pressure must be equal to or slightly higher than formation pressure.
3. 压力梯度/pressure gradient
3.1 定义/Definition
单位垂直深度压力的变化值。
Pressure gradient is the amount pressure changes with per unit true vertical depth.
TVD&MD:
TVD and MD is differ, especially in directionally drilled holes.
TVD is the length of a straight vertical line from the surface to the bottom of the hole. MD or total depth is the length of the well as measured along the actual course of the hole.
3.2 公式/formula

where:
G-----gradient, Mpa/m
P-----pressure, Mpa
H----TVD, m
钻井液的压力梯度：
Gm = Pm/H=0.00981ρm (Mpa/m)
For example:
ρm = 1.24g/cm3, H = 3353m.
calculate: Gm and Pm
answer: Gm = 0.00981ρm
=0.00981*1.24=0.0122(Mpa/m)
Pm = Gm H=0.0122*3353=40.8(Mpa)
3.3 英制表示法/Expression Method of British System
g=0.052ft/s2
Pm = 0.052ρm H
Where:
Pm ------hydrostatic pressure, psi---pounds per square inch.
ρm -------density, ppg----pounds per gallon.
H---------TVD, ft—foot.
换算关系/conversion relation:
1 g/cm3= 8.33ppg fresh water
1ft = 12 inch = 0.3048m
1m = 3.2808 ft
Gradient formula:
G = 0.052 ρ (psi/ft)
For example: ρ水=8.33ppg
G 水= 0.052*8.33=0.433 (psi/ft)
磅/英寸2/英尺
4. 地层压力/formation pressure
4.1 定义/definition
作用于地层孔隙流体上的压力叫地层压力。
Formation pressure is the force exerted by fluids in a formation. It is measured at the depth of the formation with the well shut in. It is also called reservoir pressure or, since it is usually measured at the bottom of the hole with the well shut in, shut-in bottom hole pressure.
Pp = Pd + Pm
4.2 地层压力的分类/ Pp
The type of formation pressure
4.2.1 正常地层压力/normal formation pressure
正常地层压力等于从地表到地下该地层处的静液压力。Normal formation pressure equal to the hydrostatic pressure from surface to the formation.
Pp=Ph=0.00981ρ水H
Gp=Gh=0.00981ρ水
ρ水=1.0----1.07g/cm3
Gp=0.00981-----0.010496Mpa/m
Gp=0.0098-----0.010486Mpa/m (国内)
4.2.2 异常高压/abnormally high pressure/
higher-than normal pressure
凡压力梯度高于淡水或盐水柱压力梯度的地层压力称为异常高压。
The formation pressure gradient which is higher than that of fresh water or brine column is called abnormally hi