Australian Cultural Llfe.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Australian,Cultural Life,澳大利亚简介,澳大利亚最早的居民,澳大利亚原住民,最初生活在复杂的社会系统中，遵循着反映他们与土地和环境之间深刻联系的各种传统。从那时起，在澳大利亚有许多事情都发生了变化。从那时到最早的欧洲探险者、罪犯、自由拓荒者和更晚近的移民到达澳洲，澳大利亚经受了多次经济萧条、战争和政治丑闻，创造了一个个充满生机的城市和丛林地（,the bush,）与努力工作的澳洲人（,Aussie battler,）等传奇，为来自世界各地的人们提供了新的起点，并经历了土著文化的衰落和重新振兴,澳大利亚简介,澳大利亚总人口约,1800,万,英裔澳大利亚人是澳大利亚的主体民族,目前约,1200,万,占全澳总人口的,67%,左右。澳大利亚具有“原始文明与现代文明并存”、“东方与西方联姻”的文化特色,是一个多元文化的国家。宗教信仰可分为两大类,:,一类是土著人信仰的原始图腾崇拜和法术,;,另一类是海外移民带进来的各种宗教,包括基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教和佛教等,绝大多数居民有信仰,只有,12%,左右的人不信仰宗教。,Religion,Australian Literature,Films,Protestantism and the Dreaming,(,新教和梦创信仰,),There is a major contrast between the Dreaming and Protestantism.the Dreaming is about a people being at one with the country which means that people do not own the land,but the land owns the people who have responsibilities of guardianship towards it(,梦创信仰认为人与土地应该合二为一，这意味着人不拥有土地，而是土地拥有人，人有守护它的责任,),。,However,，,after 188,Protestantism became the dominant form of religion,and are obliged to use and exploit the land for the greater glory of their God.(,然而，,1788,年之后新教成为宗教的主导形式，他的中心理念是个人拥有土地，并有义务利用开发土地来为他们信仰的上帝赢得更大的荣耀,),。,The Variations of Christianity and the Introduction Non-Christian Religions,（基督教的变化和引进非基督徒的宗教,),by the 1850s these social class differences had to different versions of Protestantism,with the upper and middle classes remaining with Anglicanism,whilst Congregationalism,Methodism and the Salvation Army gave greater emphasis to the view that“we are all equal before God”which appealed more to working class communities or to those in the middle class who preferred this more egalitarian approach to society.,到,19,世纪,50,年代，这些社会阶级的差异导致了不同的新教派别，中上层阶级坚持信仰圣公会交易，而公里教义,，循道教义和救世军更强调“在上帝面前我们人人平等”的观点，这一观点对工人阶级或者中产阶级里那些更赞成社会主义平等的人们更有号召力。,Catholicism(,天主教主义,),In the latter half of the 19,th,century it was the Catholics,most notably the Trish political convicts and refugees form famine,who played a significant part in the establishment of the alternative working class culture.,在,19,世纪后半叶，天主教徒尤其是政治囚犯和难民的崔西形式饥荒，发挥了重要作用的基础上,建立了替代工人阶级文化。,the Non-Christian Religions:Buddhism,Islam,Hinduism and Judaism,The history of Buddhism,Islam and Hinduism in Australia have similar patterns:a modest mid-19,th,century growth;a cut back at the beginning of the 20,th,century due to the racist White Australian Policy,and a significant proportional increase when Australia because a multi-cultural society in the 1970s.,在澳大利亚的佛教，伊斯兰教和印度教有着相似的发展模式：,19,世纪中期这些宗教有小幅度的发展，,20,世纪初由于白人澳大利亚的种族歧视政策而有所减少，当,20,世纪,70,年代澳大利亚变为多元文化社会后，信仰这些宗教的人数比例有了显著的增长。,Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism,原教旨主义和福音主义,原教主义通常是一个在快速变化的中的社会特征。当文化价值观似乎变化太快时，就会产生文化焦虑感和“社会道德沦丧”。,Secularism,现世主义,Secularism is the rejection of any religious belief.Secularism use a set of non-religious values to guide their lives.,世俗主义是拒绝任何宗教信仰。世俗主义使用一组非宗教价值观来指导自己的生活。,Sporta Secularist Australian Religion,运动,一个世俗的澳大利亚宗教？,the fans enter the great“coming-together”place the arena,and chant their teams special song.,球迷走进神圣的“聚集场所”,运动场，唱着他们所支持的队的队歌。,Australian Rugby,League(ART).Australian,Football,League(AFL),Rugby,Union(RU),澳大利亚橄榄球联盟,(,艺术,),。澳洲足球联盟,(AFL),、橄榄球联盟,(,俄文,),Netball is the most popular game in terms of the numbers who play the game,although it doesnt attract as many spectators as football,perhaps because it is usually played by women.,无挡板篮球就参加的人数来说是最流行的比赛，虽然这项比赛不如足球更吸引观众，因为打这种球的一般是女队员。,返,回,Australian literature,The history of Australian literature covers an immense field,from the dreamtime stories,myths and legends that have been passed on orally or visually by artistic representations on rocks and on bark over 40000years,through to the various forms of Australian literature in the English language which covers the period 1788 to the present day and includes not only fiction,verse,drama history,biography and autobiography,but also journals,diaries,letters and memoirs.,澳大利亚文学史涵盖面很广，从梦创时代的故事、神话和传说开始，这些文学形式有口头流传下来，或者有具有,4,万年历史的呈现在石头和树皮上的艺术视觉形象流传下来，知道,1788,年到今天的用英语写成的澳大利亚文学的各种形式，不仅包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、历史、自传和传记，还包括日志、日记、信件和回忆录。,The,journals of Captain Cook and Sir Joseph,give detailed insights into how these English explorers and interpreted the Peoples,the country and their own experiences of the Australian continent.,The classic novel of convict life was,marcus,clarkes,for the term of his natural life.the life of“the bush”,the,australian,countryside,was described in the works of,henry,lawson,and A,B,paterson,.,It was this“realism”that defined the early 20th century:writings including Miles Franklins,My Brilliant Career and Barbara,Baynotns,Bush studies which powerfully describes the problems that woman in particular faced and conveys such a sense of an alive,threatening and alienating landscape that,the bush,becomes almost a character in her novels.,这一现实主义成为,20,世纪初期文学的特点，期间的作品包括迈尔斯,富兰克林所著的,我的光辉事业,以及巴巴拉,贝恩顿的所著的,灌木丛研究,，改作品强烈的描写了妇女面临的问题，生动的描述了活生生的、带有威胁性的和使人异化的风景，以至于灌木丛变成了小说的人物之一。,The increasing industrialization of The early20th century meant a move away from the rural bases of the earlier Australian,literature.ethel,richardson,robertson,is a realist writer whose work includes the getting of wisdom and her trilogy,The getting of wisdom-,The man who loved children,christina,stead,爱孩子的男人,虽然于,1940,年出版，但在,1965,年再版后在得到文学评论的重视并获得大批读者，被,时代,杂志列为,1923-2005,年度英语最佳,100,本小说。,Thefortunes,of,richard,mahoney,In the 1950s and 1960s many Australian writers echoed Christina steads earlier awareness that to gain a name they had to leave Australia.,Germaine Greer,author of the female eunuch,吉梅因，格丽尔时,女阉人,的作品。该作品于,1970,年出版后立即在澳大利亚、美国、英国、加拿大等过引起轰动，成为国际畅销书，使作者成为家喻户晓的名人。吉梅因，格丽尔是作家、学者和记者，被认为是,20,世纪末期最重要的女性作家之一。她还著作有许多其他著作，如,性与生命,以及,莎士比亚的妻子,。,返,回,Going to the pictures,is still one of the most popular forms of entertainment,in Australia,.,去看电影,仍然是,澳大利亚,最受欢迎的娱乐,Films(,电影）,Taking pictures(,有声电影,）,放映机,第一部有声电影,However,wite,the introduction of talking pictures,then,technicolor,films,in,the 1920s and 1930s,it became much cheaper for Australian film and TV,programmes,form the UK and form Hollywood.,This led to a concern that Australian culture was being swamped by these two films producing giants.,然而，在,“,电影,”,的介绍，然后彩色电影，在,20,世纪,20,和,30,年代，它变得更便宜的澳大利亚电影和电视节目形式的英国和,好莱坞。这导致了一个问题，澳大利亚文化被淹没在这两部电影生产巨头。,schindler,s,list,辛德勒的名单,故事梗概,纳粹时期，犹太人遭到了惨绝人寰的大屠杀。亲眼目睹这一切的辛德勒受到了极大的震撼，他决定去找党卫军司令官，让他批准将自己的工厂定为一个附属劳役营，重新恢复生产，并许诺只要能达到目的一定会给他令人满意的报答。辛德勒开设的工厂成为了犹太人的避难所。,1944,年,4,月，戈特奉上级之命要把剩下的犹太人运往奥斯威辛集中营。辛德勒清楚奥斯威辛集中营的可怖，他立志尽可能多地保护犹太人，于是他向斯泰恩口授着名单，并用钱买通了戈特和盖世太保朱利斯，买下了自己的工人，拯救了一个又一个无辜的生命。辛德勒越来越受到违反种族法的怀疑，但他每次都很机智地躲过了迫害。同时，为了向德国军官行贿，辛德勒的工厂几乎破产,1945,年，德国终于无条件投降了，犹太人获得了解放，而作为德国人的辛德勒却要流亡。,一盏油灯，一部打字机，两个男人，一串长长的名单,.,在第二次世界大战的日子里，无数战火与硝烟似乎让太阳也失去了光芒，一层灰色的厚实的阴云下，一切的是是非非都已单薄得只剩下黑白两色。如果说杀人和被杀已成为最主要的两种生活状态，那投机商人们就是两者之间巧妙的平衡点。奥斯卡辛德勒就是其中的一个。他带着一个皮箱，穿一身西服，戴一顶礼帽，别一个纳粹胸针，从捷克农村来到了大城市，他可能没有受过什么良好的教育，但又有什么关系呢？战争的年代，一条三寸不烂之舌就是他最大的资本,.,。,仿佛都像预想的一样顺利地进行：混迹于社会名流，开厂，雇员，生产，顺理成章的得到战争的财富。这座雇用了几百廉价犹太人的五金工厂，让他坐在舒服的办公室里享受渔利。,辛德勒的心似乎不会被弥漫的战火影响，他在山上的生活永远都有美酒，舒服的床铺，体面的衣服，而山下的集中营里，只有无休止的杀戮、杀戮、杀戮。但一切都在这一天改变了。他到山脚下骑马，遥望远处黑压压的集中营,依旧是死气沉沉的气息,但正在他想转身时，一抹红色闪闪地滑进了他的眼帘。,1.,This led to revival of the film industry creating the new wave lasting form 1970 to 1985 when,Australia produced nearly 400 films-more than in the previous 70 years.,这导致了复兴的电影业创造,“,新浪潮,”,持久的形式1970 1985在澳大利亚生产的前70年的近400多名电影。,2.Australian film directors Gillian Armstrong,，,peter weir,，,phil,Noyce,and Bruce,beresford,and actors Judy Davis,，,Sam Neill,，,Mel,Gibbson,，,Jack Thompson flourished,，,Has the strong Australian theme movies:Sandy is too far,Away，Caddie,the,Denil,s,Playground,don,s,party,My,Brilliant Career,Mad Max,：,the,nearly 400 films-more than in the previous 70 years.,这导致了复兴的电影业创造,“,新浪潮,”,持久的形式1970 1985在澳大利亚生产的前70年的近400多名电影。,2.Australian film directors Gillian Armstrong,，,peter weir,，,phil,Noyce,and Bruce,beresford,and actors Judy Davis,，,Sam Neill,，,Mel,Gibbson,，,Jack Thompson flourished,，,Has the strong Australian theme movies:Sandy is too far,Away，Caddie,the,Denil,s,Playground,don,s,party,My,Brilliant Career,Mad Max,：,the,1.,This led to revival of the film industry creating the new wave lasting form 1970 to 1985 when Australia produced,Road Warrior,Gallipoli,and Breaker,Morant,彼得堰,，,菲尔诺伊斯和布鲁斯贝雷斯福德和演员朱迪戴维斯，山姆尼尔，梅尔,吉布森，杰克汤普森蓬勃发展,具有较强的澳大利亚主题制作电影：桑迪太远的球童，旦尼尔的游乐场，你的聚会，我的光辉生涯，疯狂的麦克斯,公路勇士，波利，和断路器摩兰特,.,3.Romance and sexuality Crocodile Dundee,strictly,Ballroom,Muriel,s Wedding,and Priscilla,Queen of the Desert.,浪漫和性的鳄鱼邓迪，严格的,舞厅,，穆丽尔的婚礼，和普丽西拉，女王的沙漠,。,4.This is important stage in Australian culture because for the first time it is the indigenous people of Australia who are in charge of constructing the stories and values underpinning those of the films that we watch.,这是重要的阶段在澳洲文化，因为它第一次是澳大利亚人在构建的故事和支撑的电影我们看值电荷的土著人,。,Thank You,