非谓语动词 高考英语 语法.ppt

,考点精讲领悟,高考集训启迪,预测模拟演练,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,工具,语法专项提升,栏目导引,非谓语动词,不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。,1,不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作,“,为了，想要,”,。,(2009,辽宁卷,)To be a winner,，,you need to give all you have and try your best.,要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。,2,不定式用于,so.as to.,，,such.as to,；,enough to,；,too.to,；,only to,等结构中作结果状语。,Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?,你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？,He is such a fool as to think that his strange,behaviour,can inflect others.,他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。,He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.,他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。,专家提醒：,“,only,to do,”,表示出乎意料的结果，,tell,和主语,He,之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。,His parents died,，,leaving him an orphan.,他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。,1.(2010,江西卷,)There were many talented actors out there just waiting_.,A,to discover,B,to be discovered,C,discovered D,being discovered,解析：,句意为：很多有天赋的演员就在那里等待被发现。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此题空格处用不定式来表示目的，而且,actors,与,discover,之间为被动关系，所以,B,项为答案。,答案：,B,2,(2010,合肥第二次教学检测,)Why are the students working so hard these days.,_ready for the coming entrance examination.,A,To get B,Get,C,Getting D,Got,解析：,考查非谓语动词。根据答语,“,为了即将来临的入学考试准备,”,可知，此句是省略句，不定式作状语，表示目的。,答案：,A,3,(2010,新课标全国卷,)With Fathers Day around the corner,，,I have taken some money out of the,bank_presents,for my dad.,A,buy B,to buy,C,buying D,to have bought,解析：,句意为：父亲节就要到了，我已经从银行取了些钱出来准备给爸爸买些礼物。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。从语境看，本空在句中作目的状语，用不定式，因此,A,的动词原形、,C,的现在分词、,D,的不定式完成式都不符合题意。,答案：,B,1,过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。,(2009,江西卷,)Given the right kind of training,，,these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.,如果得到正确的训练，这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。,(2009,福建卷,)Reminded not to miss the flight at 15,20,，,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.,提醒不要错过,15,20,的航班，他匆忙出发过了机场。,2,某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：,lost(,迷路的,),，,seated(,坐,),，,hidden(,躲,),，,lost/absorbed in(,沉溺于,),，,dressed in(,穿着,),，,tired of(,感到厌倦,),等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其,ing,形式。,Lost in the mountains for a week,，,we were finally saved by the local police.,在大山里迷失一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。,Absorbed in his book,，,he didnt notice me enter the room.,专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。,1.(2010,陕西卷,)_from the top of the tower,，,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.,A,Seen B,Seeing,C,Having seen D,To see,解析：,句意为：从塔顶往下看，南边的山脚下是一片树的海洋。本题考查分词作状语。分词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。主语,the south foot of the mountain,与,see,在逻辑上为被动关系，四个选项中只有,A,项表被动。,答案：,A,2,(2010,杭州市第二次教学检测,)_by a greater demand for green products,，,the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality.,A,Driven B,Being driven,C,To drive D,Having driven,解析：,考查非谓语动词。绿色食品的巨大需求使食品公司制订了更高的标准以保证质量。动词,drive,与其逻辑主语,the food company,存在动宾关系，因此应该使用过去分词。,答案：,A,3,(2009,重庆卷,)Michaels new house is like a huge palace,，,_with his old one.,A,comparing B,compares,C,to compare D,compared,解析：,句意为：和旧房子相比，,Michael,的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。,compare,与逻辑主语,Michael,s new house,之间构成被动关系。,答案：,D,1,动词的,ing,短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的,ing,形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。,Being ill,，,he couldnt go to school.,因为生病，他不能去上学。,(,原因,),My car was caught in a traffic jam,，,thus causing the delay.,我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。,(,结果,),As the light turned green,，,I stood for a moment,，,not moving,，,and asked myself what I was going to do.(,伴随,),当交通路灯变绿灯时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问要做什么事。,2,现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加,not,构成。一般式,(doing),表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式,(being done),表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式,(having done),表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式,(having being done),表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。,Not having received a reply,，,he decided to write again.,没有得到答复，他决定再写信去。,The old man,，,having worked abroad for twenty years,，,came back to his,motherland.(work,与句子的主语,The old man,之间存在主谓关系，而且,work,这一动作发生在谓语动作之前,),在国外工作了二十年，这位老人回到了祖国。,Having been scolded many times,，,he determined to study hard to catch up with others.,多次被批评之后，他决定努力学习赶上他人。,3,有一些固定结构，如：,generally speaking,，,taking everything into consideration,，,judging from/by,等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。,Taking everything into consideration,，,the result is better than expected.,把一切因素考虑进去，结果比预料的要好。,Judging from what he said,，,he must be an honest man.,从他说的话来判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。,4,现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用动词,ing,形式；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。,Seen from the top of the hill,，,the park looks even more beautiful.,从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。,(see,与主语,the park,之间存在动宾关系,),Seeing from the top of the hill,，,we find the park even more beautiful.,从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。,(see,与主语,we,之间存在主谓关系,),1.(2010,湖南卷,)Dina,，,_for months to find a job as a waitress,，,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.,A,struggling B,struggled,C,having struggled D,to struggle,解析：,句意为：几个月以来，,Dina,一直努力想找一份女服务员的工作，最终她在当地一家广告代理处谋到了一个职位。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。设空处与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故排除,B,项；不定式作状语一般表示目的，故排除,D,项；,C,项相当于：,Dina,had,_,struggled,_,for,_,months,to find a job as a waitress.,而,A,项相当于：,Dina,was,_,struggling,_,for,_,months,to find a job as a waitress.,根据句意可知，,C,项更符合要求，故为答案。,答案：,C,2,(2010,北京卷,)_at my classmates faces,，,I read the same excitement in their eyes.,A,Looking B,Look,C,To look D,Looked,解析：,句意为：看着同学们的面孔，我从他们的眼中读出了同样的兴奋。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。,look,是谓语动词形式，故排除；,to look,通常表目的，在此不符合题意；,look,与,I,构成逻辑上的主动关系，,D,项被排除。,答案：,A,3,(2010,海淀第二学期期末,)_a written permission,，,he had to write another letter to the president of the university.,A,Not giving B,Not having been given,C,Having not given D,Having not been given,解析：,考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经发生，故用过去分词或现在分词的完成被动式，选,B,。,答案：,B,1,现在分词,(,短语,),作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。,There are two roads before us,，,one leading to the beach,，,the other to the park.,在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。,2,过去分词,(,短语,),作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。,(2009,北京卷,)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm.,早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。,3,动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。,(2009,山东卷,)We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.,我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。,1.(2010,海南五校联考,)Im afraid well have to work extra hours,，,for there are still some problems_.,A,remaining to settle B,remaining to be settled,C,remained to talk about D,to remain to discuss,解析：,考查非谓语动词。此处是分词短语作后置定语，,remain,与,problems,之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词形式；问题是亟待被解决，故应用,to be settled,。综上所述可知答案为,B,。,答案：,B,2,(2010,重庆卷,)Many buildings in the city need repairing,，,but the,one_first,is the library.,A,repaired B,being repaired,C,repairing D,to be repaired,解析：,句意为：本市有许多建筑需要维修，但首先该维修的是图书馆。考查非谓语动词作定语。,the,one(building,),与,repair,之间为被动关系，故排除,C,项；,A,项表已经完成；,B,项表正在进行；,D,项表将来。根据题意，正确答案为,D,项。,答案：,D,3,(2010,北京卷,)Im calling to enquire about the,position_in,yesterdays,China,Daily,.,A,advertised B,to be advertised,C,advertising D,having advertised,解析：,句意为：我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在,中国日报,上刊登的招聘职位的情况。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。空格处部分作,position,的定语，与,position,在逻辑上是被动关系，根据句意,“,职位已在昨天的报纸上被刊登,”,，表示被动及完成，故,A,项符合题意。,答案：,A,1,过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。,Ill have my house painted tomorrow.,明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。,(,被动,),When I opened the door,，,I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.,当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。,2,现在分词作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有,see,，,watch,，,hear,，,observe,，,feel,，,find,，,have,，,keep,等。,(2009,全国卷,)They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.,他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。,1.(2010,湖南卷,)Listen,！,Do you hear,someone_for,help?,A,calling B,call,C,to call D,called,解析：,句意为：听！你听到有人正在求救吗？本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。设空处与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故排除,D,项；不定式作感官动词或使役动词的宾补要省去,to,且不表示动作正在进行，故排除,C,项；因为表示动作正在进行，故排除,B,项；现在分词,calling,表主动且表正在进行，故为答案。,答案：,A,2,(2010,辽宁卷,)Alexander tried to get his,work_in,the medical circles.,A,to recognize B,recognizing,C,recognize D,recognized,解析：,句意为：,Alexander,试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。,get,sth.done,表示使某事物被做，如,get my hair cut,表示理发；,get her finger burnt,表示她的手指被烧伤。,答案：,D,3,(2011,哈尔滨检测,)Its wonderful to hike with Dad and I have,felt_with,him.,A,to protected B,protected,C,protecting D,to be protected,解析：,本题考查非谓语动词。根据语境知,felt,与,protect,之间是被动关系，排除选项,A,和,C,；和父亲一起的徒步旅行已经结束，排除选项,D,。,答案：,B,have,，,get,后接三种形式作宾补时，其中,have,，,get,表示,“,使、让、叫,”,之意。,1,have,sth.done,get,sth.done,使,/,让某事由别人去做,(,叫,/,让某人做某事,),Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.,我明天得,(,请人,),修一下我的自行车。,Mr,Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.,史密斯先生在度假期间，他家的房子被别人破门而入。,1.(2010,青岛二模,)Hurry up,，,Mary!Its time to go.,Im,getting_.Have,a little patience.,A,dress B,dressing,C,to dress D,dressed,解析：,考查非谓语动词。,get dressed,是一个固定的词组，表示,“,穿衣服,”,。语意：,Mary,，快点，我们该走了。,稍等下，我正在穿衣服呢。,答案：,D,2,(2010,山东卷,)I have a lot of,readings_before,the end of this term.,A,completing B,to complete,C,completed D,being completed,解析：,句意为：本学期结束前我有许多阅读要完成。考查非谓语动词作定语。,have,sth.to,do,有某事要做，,to do,的逻辑主语需和主句主语一致；当不定式的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，可用,have,sth.to,be done,结构。,答案：,B,3,(2009,重庆卷,)With the world changing fast,，,we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.,A,deal,B,dealt,C,to deal D,dealing,解析：,本题考查不定式作定语。句意为：随着世界的快速变化，我们每天都有新的问题要独自处理。,have something to deal,，动词,deal,逻辑上的主语是,we,，也就是句子的主语。,答案：,C,4,(2010,东城练习二,)Every year,，,Tom remembers to have some,flowers_to,her mother on her birthday.,A,send B,sent,C,sending D,being sent,解析：,本题考查非谓语动词。,have something done,表示某事被做。,答案：,B,1,(2010,四川卷,)In many peoples opinion,，,that company,，,though relatively small,，,is pleasant _.,A,to deal with B,dealing with,C,to be dealt with D,dealt with,解析：,句意为：许多人认为那家公司虽然相对比较小，但与之相处令人愉快。本题考查非谓语动词作主语补语。,“,主语,be,性质形容词动词不定式,”,结构中，主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式需用及物动词形式，如：,The work is very difficult to,do.(do,the,work)This,house is very comfortable to live,in.(live,in the house),本题中主语和不定式可构成的动宾关系为：,deal with the company,，所以,A,项正确。,答案：,A,2,(2010,上海卷,)I had great,difficulty_the,suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.,A,find B,found,C,to find D,finding,解析：,句意为：在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。,have difficulty,/trouble/,problems(in)doing,(,做,有困难,),是固定搭配，所以选,D,项。,答案：,D,3,(2010,上海卷,)Lucy has a great sense of,humour,and always keeps her,colleagues_with,her stories.,A,amused B,amusing,C,to amuse D,to be amused,解析：,句意为：,Lucy,很有幽默感，总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。考查非谓语动词作宾补。首先排除,C,、,D,，因为,keep,后不用不定式作宾补。,amused,觉得好笑的；,amusing,逗人笑的，令人觉得好笑的。,答案：,A,4,(2010,浙江卷,)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four,and_less,than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.,A,being weighed B,to weigh,C,weighed D,weighing,解析：,句意为：交通规则规定：四岁以下，体重不到,40,磅的小孩必须坐在安全的座位上。考查非谓语动词作后置定语。分析句子结构可知，空格处的内容和,under the age of four,并列作,young children,的后置定语，,weigh,“,重量为,”,此处为不及物动词，没有被动形式，故排除,A,和,C,两项；动词不定式作后置定语也需要用及物动词，,B,项也被排除。,答案：,D,5,(2010,辽宁卷,)We were astonished _the temple still in its original condition.,A,finding B,to find,C,find D,to be found,解析：,句意为：发现那座寺庙依然是最初的面貌，我们很惊讶。本题考查不定式表示出乎意料的结果；另外,be astonished to do,也是常用的搭配，表示某人做某事的情绪，如：,be pleased to see,，,be sorry to say,等等。,答案：,B,6,(2010,新课标全国卷,),Mrs,White showed her students some old,maps_from,the library.,A,to borrow B,to be borrowed,C,borrowed D,borrowing,解析：,句意为：怀特老师把从图书馆借来的几张旧地图展示给学生看。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。,the map,和,borrow,之间是逻辑上的被动关系，而且表示已经发生的动作，因此用过去分词作定语。,答案：,C,7,(2010,陕西卷,)His first,book_next,month is based on a true story.,A,published B,to be published,C,to publish D,being published,解析：,句意为：他的第一本书下个月将出版，这本书基于一个真实的故事写成。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。,book,与,publish,在逻辑上为被动关系，故排除,C,项；,A,项表完成；,B,项表将来；,D,项表正在进行。根据时间状语,next month,可知事情将要发生，故正确答案为,B,项。,答案：,B,8,(2010,江西卷,)The lady walked around the shops,，,_an eye out for bargains.,A,keep B,kept,C,keeping D,to keep,解析：,句意为：这位女士在商店周围闲逛，注意看有没有特价商品。本题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。因,shops,后为逗号，所以后面的部分不应该是句子，不用谓语动词的形式，排除,A,项；,D,项为不定式，常表目的，用在此处不符合句意；,keep,和其逻辑上的主语是主动关系，不用过去分词，排除,B,项。,答案：,C,9,(2010,福建卷,)In April,，,thousands of holidaymakers,remained_abroad,due to the volcanic ash cloud.,A,sticking B,stuck,C,to be stuck D,to have stuck,解析：,句意为：四月，成千上万的度假者由于受到火山灰的影响，滞留在外。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语,holidaymakers,与,stick,间为被动关系，排除,A,、,D,两项；,remain,过去分词，表示状态；,remain,be done,表示将来。综上所述，答案为,B,项。,答案：,B,10,(2010,山东卷,)The living room is clean and tidy,，,with a dining table,already_for,a meal to be cooked.,A,laid B,laying,C,to lay D,being laid,解析：,句意为：起居室既干净又整洁，餐桌已经摆好了。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。,table,与,lay,在逻辑上是被动关系，排除,B,项；从,already,可以看出动作已经发生，故排除,C,、,D,两项；,A,项表示被动且完成，故为正确答案。,答案：,A,练规范、练技能、练速度,