牛津高中英语模块一unit1 Grammar.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,School life,Grammar,attributive clauses,Introduction to attributive clauses,定语从句的含义：,在含有主从句的复合句中，用来修饰限制句中的,名词或代词,的从句就是定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为,先行词,，引导定语从句的词叫做,关系词,，关系词分为,关系代词和关系副词,。,定语从句的特点：,定语从句通常紧跟先行词，如果定语从句和先行词之间被单词，词组，句子隔开，就称为,分隔性定语从句,。,定语从句的分类：,分为,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句,对先行词起到限制的作用，,通常与主句紧密相连,，译为汉语时译为“,的”。,非限制性定语从句,是对先行词的附加说明，,它和主句往往用逗号分开,，译为汉语时定语从句和主句通常构成两个并列句。,定语从句引导词,关系代词,所指代（即先行词）,在定语从句中所作句子成分,who,人,主语(宾语),whom,人,宾语,which,物,主语,宾语,that,人/物,主语，宾语,表语,whose,人/物,定语,as,人/物,主语，宾,语,表,语,定语从句引导词,关系副词,所指代（即先行词）,在定语从句中所作句子成分,when,时间,状语,where,地点,状语,why,原因,状语,P,ractice,找出下面句子中的关系代词和定语从句,1.The woman who can speak Russian got the job.,2.The woman whom we saw on the street got the job.,3.As we all know,our school is 9 years old.,4.This is the factory that I visited.,5.His film which won several awards was about the life of Gandhi.,6.He is the boy whose English is very good in our class.,关系代词的用法,1.who,指人,作主语或宾语,(,作宾语可省略）,The man,who,I talked with is our teacher.,A person,who,steals things is called a thief.,2.whom,指人,作宾语,(,作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省,),The man,(whom/who),I nodded to is Mr.Li.,The man,to whom,I nodded is Professor Li.,3.which,指物，作主语或宾语,(,作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省,),These are the trees,which,were planted last year.,This recorder,（,which,）,he is using is made in Japan.,Is this the library,(which),you borrow books from?,Is this the library,from which,you borrow books?,4.that,指人,/,物，作主语，宾语，表语,(,作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,He is the man,(that),I told you about,He is no longer the boy,that,he used to be.,注意：,首先特别注意，,that,只能用在限定性定语从句中，,在非限定性定语从句中永远不能选用,that,另外,介词后边也不可用,that,而是跟,which,。,Is this the library,from which,you borrow books?,注意点：,that,和,which,在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用,that,而不用,which,。,先行词是最高级形容词或者它前面有最高级形容词的时候,This is the,best,that has been used against,pollution.,English is the,most,difficult subject that you,will learn during these years.,ii.,先行词是序数词，或者它前面有一个序数词的时候,He is the,last,person(that)I want to see.,It is the,first,American movie of this kind that,Ive ever seen.,iii.,主句已有疑问词,who,或者,which,的时候,Which,is the bike that you lost?,Who,is the woman that was praised at the meeting?,iv.,先行词既有人又有物，宜用,that,Do you know the,things and persons,that they are talking about?,The bike and its rider,that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.,v.,先行词是,all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one,等不定代词时,You should hand in,all,that you have.We havent got,much,that we can offer you.I mean,the one,that you talked about just now.,vi.,先行词前面,Only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very,等词修饰的时候,The,only,thing that we can do is to give you some money.,Li Ming is the,only,one that wants to be a teacher.Li Ming is,one of,the students that want to be teachers in our class.,vii.,有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用,which,另外一个宜用,that.,Edison built up a factory,which,produced things,that,had never been seen before.,that,和,which,在指物时一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用,which,而不用,that,在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用,which,不宜用,that.,Beijing,which,is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.,在限定性定语从句中,which,和,that,在指代物的时候常常可以通用，但是有时只宜用,which,而不用,thati.,关系代词前面有介词的时候,This is the hotel,in which,you will stay.,ii.,如果有两个定语从句，其中的一句的关系词是,that,另一句宜用,which.,Let me show you the novel,that,I borrowed from the library,which,was newly open to us.,who,，,that,在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用,who:,1.),先行词是,one,ones,anyone,的时候宜用,who.,One,who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.,The ones,who flatter me dont please me.Dont tell,anyone,about the news who oughtnt to know it.,Anyone,who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.,2.),先行词为,those,的时候，宜用,who,为关系代词,Those who,were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.,Those who,want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.,3.),当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候,I met a foreigner in the street yesterday,who could ask me questions in Chinese.,4.),一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为,that,另一个则用,who.,The boy,that,you met last night is the group leader,who,studies very hard.,5.),在,there be,开头的句子中,There is,an old man,who,wants to see you.,There are,many young men,who,are against him.,关系代词,whose,的用法,whose,是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。当代物的时候，它相当于,of which,.,I saw a woman,whose,bag was stolen.Ill call a person,whose,father knows you.Which is the car,whose,owner you know?(Which is the car the owner of which you know?)Please show me the book,whose,cover is red.(Please show me the book the cover of which is red),关系代词,as,的用法,as,引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被,such,the same,so,as,修饰，即构成,suchas,the same as,soas,结构，做题时容易忽略。,as,在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。,as,与,which,引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用,as,意为“正如、恰如”。,It is such a big stone,as,nobody can lift.,As,is known to all,he is the best student.,H,omework,1.Do Part C1and C2 on page 88.,2.Review the relative pronouns,3.Do some exercise about the attributive clause,