一、虚拟语气.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,虚拟语气,Subjunctive,一、,if,引导的虚拟条件句,1.,有可能发生,if it rains tomorrow,I will stay at home.,If,如果,(,主将从现,),2.,根本不可能发生 虚拟语气（表示说话人的希望、遗憾）,动作不可能发生,说话人希望如此,虚拟的表达结构,从句,if,主句,与现在相反,be were,动 过去式,would+,动原,与过去相反,had+,过去分词,would have+,过分,与将来相反,动 过去式,were+to do,不定式,should+do,would+,动原,虚拟语气,例句,If you,had come,a few minutes earlier,you,would have met,him.,要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。,(,与过去事实相反,),2.If it,were(were to be/should be),sunny,tomorrow,I,would come,to see you.,明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。,(,与将来事实可能相反,),3.If I,were,you,I,would go,now,.,假如我是你的话，我现在就走。,(,与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你,),虚拟语气在,在条件从句中,虚拟条件句的转换形式,1.,省略连词,if,在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有,were,had,或是,should,可以省略,if,把这几个词放到主语之前。,If he should come,tell him to ring me up.(,Should he come,),If I were you,I would not do it.(,Were I you,),If he had been more careful,such mistakes could have been avoided.(,Had he been more careful,),2.,用介词短语代替条件状语从句,用介词短语,with,without,but,for,和连词,or,but,otherwise,代替虚拟条件句,表示隐含条件,If there were no air,there would be no living things.(,Without air,),If it hadnt been for your help,I couldnt have done it.(,But for your help,),虚拟语气,三、错综时间的条件句（混合虚拟）,即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：,If they,had studied,hard,they,could do,it easily now.,如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。,If he,had not taken,my advice,he,wouldnt do,it much better like this.,如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。,虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：,二、馒头面条原理,建议、命令、要求,suggest,宾语从句,suggestion,同位语、定语、主语。,suggested It is suggested that,主语从句,后面不管接什么从句类型，从句当中的动词,（,should,）,+,动原,The teacher requires that we/he _ our/his homework next Monday.,在句型“,It is important(necessary,strange,natural)that.,”,及“,It is suggested(,ordered,desired,requested,),that,中，,that,主语从句中的谓语动词用,:should+,动词原形，,should,可省略,Its,necessary,that we should have a walk now.,我们有必要出去散散步。,Its,strange,that she should be late today.,真奇怪，她竟然迟到了。,Its,important,that we should take good care of the patient.,重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.,虚拟语气,表示建议,命令,要求等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用,should,+,动词原形,或将,should,省略。,常见动词：一个坚持,(insist),两个命令,(,order,command,),三个建议,(,advise,suggest,propose,),四个要求,(,demand,require,request,ask,),。,虚拟语气在：,在宾语从句中,wish,+,虚拟语气,I wish you would come,wish,后的宾语从句用虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反、不能实现,1),现在：用过去式,were/did,2),过去：用过去完成式,(had done),3),将来：用情态动词,(would/could/might)+do,hope,真实的愿望 我希望你一路平安。,I hope your journey go smoothly.,虚拟语气,例句,1.I wish she would be on my side.,我希望她能站在我一边。,2.,I wish I were 30 years younger.,我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。,3.,I wish(that)you would get a good job.,我希望你能找到一个好职业。,4.,He wished he hadnt done it.,他想要是他没这样做该多好。,5.He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.,他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。,四、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法,1.,在有,even if/even though,引导的让步状语从句,，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与,if,引导的非真实条件句相同。,Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing.,即使林涛在这，我也这么说,Even though he had been ill,he would have gone to his office.,即使生病了，他仍要去办公室。,though/although,2.,由,as if,或是,as though,引导的状语从句，从句的谓语形式为动词过去式或是,had+,过去分词。,He treats me as if I were a stranger.,他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人是的。,She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.,她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。,3.,在,in order that,或是,so that,引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用,could/might should+,动词原形,They are climbing higher in order that they could/might get a better view.,他们正往更高处爬，以便看的更清楚。,虚拟语气,1.,if only,意为：但愿,要是,.,就好了,表示现在的情况,应用过去式,;,如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态,If only I,had arrived,in time!,If only she,didnt drive,so fast.,2.,Its(high/right)time that,that,从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用,过去时或,should(,不能省略,)+do,Its time that you,left/should leave,here.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,虚拟语气,4.,在,would/had rather(,宁愿,),引导的宾语从句中,当从句表示现在或将来的愿望时,谓语动词要用一般过去时,;,表示过去的愿望时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone,too.,Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.,虚拟语气在：,在宾语从句中,1.I insisted that he _ at once.,A be gone B go C would go D might go,2.Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.,A hadnt stolen B shouldnt steal C doesnt steal D steal,3.Mikes father,as well as his mother,insisted that he _ at home.,A stayed B could stay C has stayed D stay,4.Mr.Smith insisted that he _ the work all.,A had done B have done C did D so,If I _ where he lived,I _ a note to him.,A knew;would B had known;would have sent C know;would send,D knew;would have sent,Mary is ill today.If she _,she_ absent from school.,A were not ill;wouldnt be B had been ill;should have been,C had been ill;wouldnt have been D hadnt been ill;could be,She wishes she_ to the theatre last night.,A went B would go C had gone D were going,It is high time we _ home.,A went B have gone C will go D had gone,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.,A.would have missed B.had missed,C.would miss D.missed,2.,It was the drug,，,not the disease,，,that killed the boy.,He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.,A.not take,B.shouldn,t,have taken,C.didn,t,take,D.hadn,t,taken,Exercises,虚拟语气,3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.),A.listened B.had listened,C.should listen D.would listen,4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.,A.sell B.sold,C.shall sell D.would sell,5.I wish this bus _ to the university.,A.go B.went,C.has gone D.had gone,虚拟语气,6.Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(,吃得饱,),though his parents feed him very well.,A.get B.getting C.got D.should get,7.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.,A.had been B.were C.was D.been,8.I _ you some money,but I hadnt got any then.,A.would lend B.would have lent,C.could lend D.may have lent,虚拟语气,9.Have you ever been to Beijing?,-No,but I wish I _.,A.have B.will C.do D.had,10.I dont think it is the right time that you _.,A.will go B.went C.go D.must go,11.,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it.A.breaks B.has broken,C.were broken D.had been broken,虚拟语气,12.(2003,上海春季高考题,)Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _ your advice.,A.followed,B.would follow,C.had followed,D.should follow,13.(2002,上海高考题,)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,，,at the age of seven,，,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.,A.wouldn,t,have fallen B.had not fallen,C.should fall D.were to fall,14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him,，,but he didn,t believe it.,A.hadn,t,spoken,B.shouldn,t,speak,C.wouldn,t,speak D.not speak,虚拟语气,15.It is high time the child _ to the hospital.,A.is sent B.would be sent,C.be sent D.were sent,16.If it _ so hard,，,wed go to town.,A.isnt,raining,B.werent,raining,C.doesnt,rain D.has rain,17.Its strange that he _ without saying,good-bye to us.,A.should have gone out B.went,C.should go out D.goes out,虚拟语气,18.Had you listened to the doctor,，,you _ all right now.,A.are B.were,C.would be D.would have been,19.I,d rather you _ know the secret.,A.didn,t,B.hadn,t,C.not,D.not to,20.Without your help,，,we _ this task.,A.don,t finish,B.will,not finish,C.didn,t,finish D.would not have finished,虚拟语气,21.Isn,t it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York?,A.went B.would go,C.go D.will go,22.I wish I _ you yesterday.,A.saw B.did see,C.had seen D.were to see,23.His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan.,A.didn,t,agree,B.hadn,t,agreed,C.wouldn,t,agree D.not agree,虚拟语气,24.The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man.,A.would be engaged to,B.be,engaged to,C.should engaged to,D.must,be engaged to,25.You _ earlier.The bus left a moment ago.,A.would come B.should have come,C.must come,D.could,have come,26.She made a suggestion that the plan _ carefully.,A.be considered,B.was,considered,C.should consider,D.would,be considered,