语法精讲系列(四).ppt

语法精讲系列（四）,情态动词和虚拟语气,考,查,角,度,题号,情态动词的基本用法,13,情态动词,+have done,46,情态动词表推测,79,考,查,角,度,题号,情态动词的固定搭配句式,10,状语从句对现在、将来的虚拟,1113,状语从句对过去的虚拟,1415,含蓄和错综时间的虚拟,1617,名词性从句中的虚拟,1820,1.(2012,重庆高考,)_ you interrupt now?Cant you see Im on the phone?,Sorry Sir,but its urgent.,A.Can B.Should C.Must D.Would,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查情态动词。句意：,你非要现在打断我吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？,很抱歉，先生，但是这件事情太紧急了。,can,表示“能够，许可”；,should,表示“应该”；,must,表示“非要，偏偏”，多指令人不快的事；,would,表示意愿。故选,C,。,2.(2012,辽宁高考,)One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.,A.might B.could C.shall D.will,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查情态动词的用法。句意：我们其中的一项规定就是每个学生在校期间应该穿校服。,A,项表示“可能，也许”；,B,项表示能力或可能性；,C,项用于第三人称的陈述句中，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,;D,项表示意愿。故选,C,。,3.(2012,四川高考,)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese,and I said“Ni,Hao,”,just as I _ do in China.,A.must B.might C.can D.should,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查情态动词。句意：我靠他们很近，听到他们正在说中文，我就说了“你好”，像我可能会在中国做的那样。,might,表示可能性的推测，意为“或许，可能，大概”；,must,必须，必定；,can,能够；,should,应该。根据句意应选,B,项。,4.(2012,江西高考,)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.,A.may not B.neednt,C.cant D.mustnt,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查情态动词。句意：既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭，我们没必要买如此多的食物。情态动词,+have done,结构在此句子中表示对过去事情的推测、遗憾、责备等，,neednt have bought,意思是“本没必要买”。,A,项意为“可能不”；,B,项意为“没必要”；,C,项意为“一定不会”；,D,项意为“一定不要”。故选,B,。,5.(2010,天津高考,)Mark _ have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.,A.neednt B.wouldnt C.mustnt D.couldnt,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查情态动词。句意：马克本来没必要那么匆忙的。经过高速驾驶之后,他提前半小时到达了。根据后面的语境,提前半小时到达,说明,Mark,本来不必那么匆忙,所以用,neednt have done,结构,表示“本来没必要做某事而实际上做了”。故选,A,。,6.(2010,山东高考,)I _ have watched that movie-itll give me horrible dreams.,A.shouldnt B.neednt C.couldnt D.mustnt,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查情态动词的用法。句意：我本来不应该看那部电影的,它会使我做噩梦的。表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用,shouldnt have done,sth,.,所以,A,项正确。,7.(2010,安徽高考,)Jack described his father,who _ a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man.,A.would be B.would have been,C.must be D.must have been,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查情态动词的用法。句意：杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人,他的父亲多年前肯定是一个勇敢的男孩。用,must have been,表示对过去事情的肯定推测。故选,D,。,8.(2011,安徽高考,)What do you think of store shopping in the future?,Personally,I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.,A.will never replace B.would never replace,C.will never be replaced D.would never be replaced,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查情态动词的用法。句意,:,你对将来的商店购物怎么看？,我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。根据,I think it will exist along with home shopping,，排除虚拟的选项,D,，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到要用被动语态，选,C,。,9.(2011,浙江高考,)Hows your new babysitter?,We _ ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.,A.should B.might,C.mustnt D.couldnt,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查情态动词的用法。句意：,你的新保姆怎么样？,找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们都很喜欢她。,should,应该；,might,可能，可以；,mustnt,禁止；,couldnt,不可能。根据句意选,D,。,10.(2012,陕西高考,)I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.,A.wont B.cant C.can D.will,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查情态动词。句意：我们离开家期间，您对我儿子的所有帮助，我感激不尽。,cant thank you too much=cant thank you enough,表示“怎么感激也不为过，感激不尽”，所以,B,项符合题意。,11.(2012,湖南高考,)Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _ time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.,A.have had B.had had,C.have D.had,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查虚拟语气。句意：抱歉，我现在太忙了。要是有时间的话我一定会和你一起出去逛逛。本题,if,引导的虚拟条件句表示对现在事实的虚拟。故,if,条件句中用一般过去时。,D,项为一般过去时，符合题意。,A,项为现在完成时；,B,项为过去完成时；,C,项为一般现在时。,12.(2012,北京高考,)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.,A.is B.were,C.has been D.had been,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把那个花瓶当作是钢铁做的那样处理。,as if,引导的是状语从句，从句中用虚拟语气；与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，应用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中，常用,were,代替,was,。,13.(2012,安徽高考,)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.,A.lives B.would live,C.has lived D.were to live,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查虚拟语气。句意：,Grace,不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果住在那里就不能经常见到父母了。主句说明了客观事实，,if,从句是对将来事实的假设，故在条件状语从句中用,were to live,。,14.(2012,陕西高考,)If my car _ more reliable,I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.,A.was B.had been,C.should be D.would be,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查虚拟语气。句意：假如我的车再可靠点的话，去年夏天我就不会坐飞机而是自驾去拉萨了。根据时间状语,last summer,可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。所以,if,从句用“,had done”,主句用“,would have done”,。,15.(2012,福建高考,)We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.,A.visited B.had visited,C.would visit D.would have visited,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在那个小村庄里迷路了，否则昨天我们会参观更多的名胜。此题考查对过去某种情况否定的假设。因为昨天迷路，所以昨天没有参观更多地方。故谓语动词用,would have done,。,16.(2012,北京高考,)We _ the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?,A.should face B.might face,C.could have faced D.must have faced,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查虚拟语气。句意：我们本来可以一起面对困难的，但是你为什么不告诉我呢？由第二个分句可知，实际情况是“你”没告诉“我”此事，“我们”没能共同面对困难，所以此处是对过去客观事实的虚拟，应用情态动词,could have done,；而,must have done,是对过去的推测。,17.(2011,全国卷,)They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.,A.will B.can C.must D.should,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。,will have done,是将来完成时，不表示推测；,can,表示对过去的事情推测时，常用于否定句或疑问句中；,must have done,一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；,should have done,本来应该做某事，而实际没做。,but their flight was delayed,这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选,D,。,18.(2010,江苏高考,)George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he _ more on its culture.,A.focus B.focused,C.would focus D.had focused,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查虚拟语气。,would rather,后应用虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反,用动词的过去式。,19.(2010,湖北高考,)Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ at the meeting.,A.was discussed B.discuss,C.would be discussed D.be discussed,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：约翰逊先生坚持说那个值得关注的问题应该在会上讨论。“,insist”,引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,从句结构是“,should”(,可省略,)+,动词原形,主语“,problem”,是要“被讨论”。故选,D,。,20.(2011,北京高考,)Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.,I wish they _ always late.,A.werent B.hadnt been,C.wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查虚拟语气。句意：,孩子们在哪里？晚饭都要彻底毁了。,但愿他们别老是迟到。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气从句要用过去时，故选,A,。,一、情态动词,考点,1,9,大情态动词的基本用法 考查指数,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典 句 例 示,can/could,表示能力,He,can,play table tennis quite well.,表示理论上的可能性，“有时候可能会”,Even an experienced teacher,can,make mistakes.,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典 句 例 示,can/could,表示请求和允许,表示请求，口语中常用,could,代替,can,You,can,have my seat.,Im going now.,Could,you give me a hand?,may/might,表示请求、允许、许可，,might,比,may,的语气更委婉,You,may,use my,dictionary.,Might,I have a look at,your new computer?,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典 句 例 示,must,表示“必须；应该”,We,must,study hard and,make progress every day.,表示,“,偏要，硬要,”,做某事,If you,must,smoke,please go,out.,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典 句 例 示,shall,用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见,Shall,I open the door?,用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用,shall,You,shall,get an answer,from me by tomorrow.,He,shall,go first,whether,he wants or not.,This law,shall,come into,effect on May 1st.,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典 句 例 示,should,表示劝告和建议，作,“,应该,”,讲,You,should,learn from each,other.,表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为,“,竟然,”,I cant bear that he,should,speak ill of me.,用在,if,条件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能,If anyone,should,come,say,Im not at home.,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典 句 例 示,will/would,用于表示意志或意愿,I have told him again and,again to stop smoking,but,he,will,not listen.,表示,“,请求；建议,”,。用,would,比,will,委婉、客气些,Would,you like some more,coffee?,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典 句 例 示,will/would,表示习惯：,will,可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用,would,She,will,sit for hours,reading in the afternoon.,When he was young,he,would,listen to music alone,in his room.,表示事物的某种性质和倾向,Wood,will,float on the water.,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典 句 例 示,need,表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中,Need,we make the test?,No,we,neednt,.,dare,表示,“,敢；敢于,”,，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。,I dare say,是习惯说法，意为,“,我想，大概,”,How,dare,you talk like,that?,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典 句 例 示,ought to,表示义务，意为“应当”，语气比,should,强，表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推测，意为“应是，应该”,Everyone,ought to,obey the traffic,regulations.,He,ought to,be home,by now.,考点,2,3,组易混情态动词用法比较 考查指数,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典句例示,can(could,)/,be able to,can/could,can,只有现在式和过去式,could,，表示一般能力,I am starving to death.I,can,eat two bowls of rice.,be able to,有更多的形式，,was/were able to,表示通过努力、克服困难做成某事,The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone,was able to,get out.,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典句例示,must/have to,must,侧重表示说话人的主观看法；只有一种形式,We,must,rely on ourselves.,have to,表示客观需要，有不同的形式,I,have to,give it up because of my illness.,情态动词,主 要 用 法,典句例示,would/,used to,would,表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作，没有与现在对比的含义，不可用于无人称句或存在句,Last year,our English teacher,would,sometimes tell stories after class.,used to,表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，强调今昔对比，可用于无人称句或存在句,He told us he,used to,play football when he was young.,特别提醒,(1)can,的一些常用固定搭配,cannot but do,sth,./cannot help but do,sth,./cannot choose but do,sth,.,表示“不得不，只好”,cannot/can never.enough/too,再,也不为过,I,cannot,choose but go.,我只好去。,You,cannot,be careful enough.,你再细心也不为过。,Her appearance has changed so much that you,may,well,not recognize her.,她的模样变化太大，你很可能认不出她了。,特别提醒,(2)may,的一些常用固定搭配,may well+,动词原形意为“完全能，很可能”，,may as well+,动词原形意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”,(3)mustnt,表示“禁止”“不许做某事”。,回答用,need,提问的问句时与回答用,must,提问的问句时一样，肯定回答用,must,否定回答要用,neednt,或,dont have to,You,may as well,do it at once.,你最好马上就做这件事。,考点,3,5,大表示推测的情态动词用法比较 考查指数,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意 义,典句例示,must,肯定句,一般时、进行时、完成时,一定、肯定,You,must,be,hungry after the,long walk.,He,must be,sleeping,in the,dormitory.,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意 义,典句例示,can could),疑问句，否定句,一般时、进行时、完成时,可能，能够,She,cant be reading,in the reading room now.,Can/Could,this be,an excuse for that?,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意 义,典句例示,may(might),肯定句，否定句,一般时、进行时、完成时,也许，可能,He,may,not be,happy.,He,may be playing,basketball on the playground.,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意 义,典句例示,should(ought to),肯定句,一般时,确定或期待，“应该”,He,should,be around,sixty years old.(,确定,),Its nearly seven,oclock.Jack,should,be,here at the moment.,(,期待,),情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意 义,典句例示,will(would),肯定句、否定句、疑问句,一般时、进行时、完成时,大概,He,will have,forgotten,me.I left,him 18 years ago.,It,would,be about,ten when he left,home.,二、虚拟语气,考点,1,状语从句中虚拟语气的用法 考查指数,1.,条件状语从句,(1),条件与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去式,(be,多用,were),；主句谓语用,would/should/could/might,动词原形。,例,If I had time,I would go there.,(2),条件与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时,had+,过去分词,;,主句谓语用,would/should/could/might,have+,过去分词。,例,If you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.,(3),条件与将来事实相反，从句谓语用,should do/were to do/,一般过去式,(be,多用,were),；主句谓语用,would/should/could/might,动词原形。,例,If it should rain/were to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off.,2.,目的状语从句,(1)so that/in order that,从句：从句谓语用,can/could/may/might,动词原形。,例,We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.,(2)for fear that/in case that,从句：从句谓语用,should,动词原形，意为“以防，万一”。,例,We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.,(3)lest,从句：从句谓语用,should,动词原形，意为“以防万一”。,例,We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.,3.,方式状语从句,as if/as though,从句：,(1),与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；,(2),与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；,(3),与将来事实相反，从句谓语用,would/could/might+,动词原形。,【,点津,】,as if/as though,连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气,例,She speaks English as if/though she were a native of New York.(,虚拟语气,),It seems as if he doesnt know her.(,可能的事实,),考点,2,名词性从句及定语从句中虚拟语气的用法,考查指数,1.,主语从句中的虚拟语气,It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/,natural/essential/a,pity+that,从句，从句中的谓语动词用“,(should+),动词原形”。,例,Its strange that she(should)make so much trouble.,2.,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,(1),表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用“,(should,),动词原形”。建议：动词,advise,suggest,propose,recommend,；命令：,order,command,；要求：动词,request,require,demand,ask,insist,。,例,It is suggested that I(should)exercise every day.,【,点津,】,suggest,意为“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气,;,insist,意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。,(2)I wish(that),宾语从句,(,虚拟语气,),表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时,;,例,How he wishes that he were a bird!,表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时,;,例,We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.,表示将来愿望实现的可能性很小，从句常用,could/would,动词原形。,例,We wish we would live on the moon one day.,(3)would rather/prefer,that,从句,(,从句用虚拟语气,),表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时；,例,I would rather you were not here with me now.,表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时。,例,I would rather you hadnt done that.,3.,表语从句和同位语从句中的两种虚拟语气,(1),在,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice,等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“,(should+),动词原形”。,例,He gave orders that the guests,(should)be,hospitably entertained.,(2)as if/though,引导的表语从句,过去时表现在,过去进行时表现在进行,过去完成时表过去,could/might/would+,动词原形表将来,例,It looks as if he,were,10 years younger today.,It looks as if he,hadnt had,a meal for a week.,4.,定语从句中的虚拟语气,Its(about/high/very),time+that,从句,(,从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式或,should do,should,不能省略,),，意为“某人该做某事了”。,例,Its time that we should go/went home.,考点,3,3,种特殊的虚拟语气结构 考查指数,类型,要点归纳,典句例示,在条件句,中的省略,如果虚拟条件句中含有,were,should,had,三个词，可将,if,省略，把这三个词前置于主语之前，形成部分倒装,Were I,in your position,I,would do the same.,Had we,had time,we would,have dropped by.,Should he,come tomorrow,I would give him the dictionary.,类型,要点归纳,典句例示,错综时间,虚拟句,当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间虚拟句。动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整,If you,had taken,the,doctors advice,you,would be,better now.,If you,had studied,before,you,would be,a,college student now.,类型,要点归纳,典句例示,含蓄虚拟,条件句,有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过介词,(,短语,)with,without,but for,等来表示,What,would,you,do,with,a million dollars?,We,couldnt have,finished,the work in time,without,your help.,【,模拟题组,】,1.(2013,杭州模拟,)Try as you _,he wont listen to your advice on the potential dangers of smoking.,A.can B.may C.dare D.will,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查情态动词的用法。句意：尽管你尽力了，他是不会听吸烟潜在危害的忠告的。在让步状语从句中，用,may/might,，故选,B,。,2.(2013,桂林模拟,)What is a left-luggage office?,It is a place where luggage _ be left for a certain period of time,especially at a bus or a train station.,A.can B.should C.must D.will,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查情态动词的用法。句意：,什么是行李寄存室？,它是行李可能在某一段时间内被存放的地方，尤其是在公共汽车站或火车站。此处,can,表推测，意为：可能会。,should,应该；,must,必须；,will,将会，根据句意，,A,最佳。,3.(2013,吉林模拟,)Students _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.,A.may B.shall C.need D.can,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：学生们应该待在自己的位置上，直到所有的试卷都收起来。此题是一种命令、规定，而,shall,表示这种情况，故选,B,。,4.(2013,贵阳模拟,)Have you checked the engine?,Yes,I did twice.There _ be anything wrong with the car.,A.wont B.mustnt,C.neednt D.shouldnt,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查情态动词的用法。句意：,你检查引擎了吗？,是的，我检查了两遍。这车不应该有任何故障。,wont,不会；,mustnt,千万别；,neednt,没必要；,shouldnt,不应该，根据句意，已经检查了两遍，所以选,D,。,5.(2013,邯郸模拟,)What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There _ be twelve.,A.must B.can C.will D.should,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查情态动词的用法。句意：你的意思是只有,10,张票了？应该有,12,张。此处,should,表推测，指情理之中的事。故选,D,。,6.(2013,太原模拟,)He _ the first place again,in which case,his mother will be more than happy.,A.cant win B.would have won,C.might win D.could have won,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查情态动词的用法。句意：他可能又获得了第一名，如果那样的话，他的母亲会很高兴。此处,might,表推测，对现在情况的推测，关键是主句用了将来时，,B,、,D,两项都是对过去情况的推测，,A,项表不可能，不符合题意，故选,C,。,7.(2013,郑州模拟,)I wonder why Tom is late again.,Well,，,he _ his train,or maybe overslept.,A.might miss B.may have missed,C.should miss D.must have missed,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查情态动词的用法。答语句意：噢，他可能错过了火车或睡过了头。此处,may+have done,表示对过去事实的推测。故选,B,。,8.(2013,杭州模拟,)At a construction site in our city the workers have uncovered an ancient wall that _ to keep the enemy out of the city,but it requires further evidence.,A.might have functioned B.would have functioned,C.must have functioned D.should have functioned,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查虚拟语气。句意：在市里的一处工地上，工人们挖出了一道以前可能是用来御敌的城墙，但这还有待进一步验证。,might have done,意为“过去可能是做什么的”，是对过去行为不太肯定的猜测。根据句意选,A,。,9.(2013,青岛模拟,)We apologize for any inconvenience you _ have been caused by the delay of the flight.,A.may B.would C.must D.need,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查情态动词。句意：我们为航班延误可能给您带来的不便致歉。,may have done(,过去,),可能做过某事；,would have done,用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句中；,must have done,一定做过某事；,need have done,通常用疑问或否定形式。故选,A,。,10.(2013,郑州模拟,)I have just received another message,telling me I have won a big prize.,Dont jump on it.You _.,A.should be cheated B.must have been che