被动语态课件--特殊用法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,被动语态的特殊用法,and,特殊句子的被动语态,and,主动形式表被动意义,教师：朱家杰,特殊用法（,1,）带双宾语的被动语态,:,如果一个主动语态句中含有直接宾语和间接宾语，在变为被动语态的时候，有两种转换方法,:,b.,将表示物的直接宾语转换为被动语态的主语，则原间接宾语前须加介词,to,或,for,。列如,:,She gave me a pen yesterday.A pen was given to me yesterday by her.,a.,将表示人的间接宾语转换为被动语态的主语，而表示物的直接宾语位置不变。列如,:,She gave me a pen yesterday.I was given a pen yesterday by her.,注意：主动语态变被动语态时，当把表示物的直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，有的间接宾语前用,to,有的间接宾语前用,for,。一般来讲动词,do,make,buy,cook,get,等用,for,而,give,pass,等用,to,如,:a.He bought me a book.A book was bought for me by him.,b.My mother gives me a skirt.A skirt is given to me by my mother.,特殊用法,(2),省略,to,的动词不定式的被动语态,在主动语态的句子中，一些表示感官或使役意义的动词，如,hear,watch,see,feel,notice,listen to,let,make,have,和,help,等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，主动语态中要用不带,to,的动词不定式，但当这样的主动语态变为被动语态时，必须把省略,to,的动词不定式符号,to,补出来。,例如：,a.We often hear her,sing,in the,room.She,is often heard,to sing,in the room(by us).,b.The boss made them,work,for 16 hours a,day.They,were made,to work,for 16 hours a day(by the boss).,注意,;,如果主动语态句中的感官动词带动词,-,ing,形式作宾语补足语，则在变为被动语态的时候，动词,-,ing,形式不做任何变动。如：,We are listening to him speaking at the meeting.He is being listened to speaking at the meeting(by us).,特殊句子的被动语态,（,1,）主动语态中若有名词、形容词作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语位置不变，但句子成分变了，即变成了主语补足语。例如：,We call the boy,Tom.The,boy is called,Tom.(by,us),We are making our school,beautiful.Our,school is being made,beautiful(by,us).,(2),许多不及物动词加介词或副词后构成动词短语，相当于及物动词。在变为被动语态的时候，不可把动词短语分开，也不可漏掉动词短语中的介词或副词。列如,:,特殊句子的被动语态,a.He always takes care of his sister.His sister is always taken care of(by him).,b.She turned off the radio.The radio was turned off(by her).,特殊句子的被动语态,（,3,）含,that,的宾语从句的主动语态复合句变为被动语态时，通常使用,“,It+be+said+,原宾语从句,”,结构。例如：,a.They say they will go there.,他们说他们要去那儿。,It is said that they will go there.,据说他们要去那儿。,b.He said he was much better.,他说他好多了。,It was said that he was much better.,据说他好多了。,主动形式表被动意义,在英语中，有些情况下我们只能使用动词的主动语态形式来表达被动的意义。这种情况主要有以下几种：,动词,need,want,以及短语,be(well)worth,等后常接动名词，以主动结构表示被动含义。例如：,主动形式表被动意义,a.The room needs cleaning.,这屋子需要清扫。,b.My coat wants washing.,我的外衣需要洗一下。,c.The piece of music is worth listening to.,这首曲子值得一听。,注意,:,动词,need,want,后接动名词表被动含义，且句子的主语为物时，后面的动名词相当于动词不定式的被动结构。如：,My coat wants washing.My coat wants to be washed.,(2),“,have(has,)+,名词（代词）,+,及物动词的过去分词,”,意思是,“,请某人做某事,”,，短语中的动词,have(has,),在这里含有,“,使；让,”,等意思，即用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：,a.I,ll have my hair cut this evening.,今天晚上我要理发。,b.I have had my clothes washed.,我已经找人把我的衣服洗了。,主动形式表被动意义,(3,）在由系动词,look,feel,smell,taste,sound,get,turn,become,seem,grow,等接形容词作表语的句子中，常用主动形式表示被动意义（即不用被动语态）。例如,;,a.The food looks nice but tastes bad.,这种食物看起来好看，但吃起来难吃。,b.Your plan sounds good.,你的计划听起来不错。,主动形式表被动意义,（,4,）某些表示主语的质地、自身特征的动词，如,write,wash,sell,read,drive,clean,cook,等，当它们和副词,well,或,easily,连用时，常用主动形式表被动意义。这些动词在这种情况下，一般用作不及物动词。例如：,a.The shop opens at six in the morning.,这家商店上午,6,点开门。,b.The pen writes well.,这支钢笔写起来流畅。,主动形式表被动意义,主动变被动三部曲,主变被动三部曲，演奏起来很容易。,前奏宾语变主语，公式弹出主旋律。,用,by,引出演奏者，金曲一篇心欢喜。,