直接引语间接引语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,Direct and Indirect Speech,直接引语和间接引语,引用或转述别人的话时，有两种说法：一字不改的将别人的话加以引用和复述，,并将它放在引号内，,叫作,直接引语,；用自己的话转述别人的话，,被转述的话不放在括号内，,叫,间接引语,。,He said,“I am a doctor.”(,直接引语),He said,that he was a doctor,.(,间接引语),She said,“I like English very much.”(,直接引语),She said that,she liked English very much,.,(,间接引语,),在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,1.,注意时态的变化,2.,注意人称变化,3.,注意指示代词的变化,4.,注意时间的变化,5.,注意地点的变化,6.,注意个别趋向动词的变化,直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化,陈述句的间接引语,一般疑问句的间接引语,特殊疑问句的间接引语,选择疑问句的间接引语,祈使句的间接引语,反义疑问句的间接引语,陈述句的间接引语,（转述他人的陈述）,用连词,that,引导的宾语从句，,that,在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的,said,也可用,told,来代替，注意，可以说,said that,said to sb.that,told sb.that,，不可直接说,told that,He said,“I have been to the Great Wall.”,He said,to us,that he had been to the Great Wall.,He said,“Ill give you an examination next Monday.”,He,told us,that he would give us an examination the next Monday,.,一般疑问句的间接引语,（转述他人的疑问）,间接引语用连词,whether,或,if,引导的宾语从句，原主句中谓语动词,said,要改为,asked(me/him/us,等,),，语序是陈述句的语序,He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”,He,asked,(me),whether,/,if,I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.,He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”,He,asked,whether I was interested in English.,特殊疑问句的间接引语,（转述他人的问题）,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用,ask(sb.),来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,He said to me，“Whats your name?”,He asked me what my name was.,He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country?”,He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,选择疑问句的间接引语,用,whetheror,表达，而不用,ifor,，,也不用,eitheror,He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”,He asked me whether I spoke English or French.,I asked,“Will you take bus or take train?”,I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.,祈使句的间接引语,引述祈使句多半采用“动词,+,宾语,+,不定式”结构，常用的引述动词有,ask,，,tell,，,order,等，直接引语若是否定式，,not,放在,to,前面,The teacher said to her mother,Please give me the book.”,The teacher told her mother to give her the book.,反义疑问句的间接引语,间接引语用连词,whether,或,if,引导的宾语从句，,常用的引述动词,为,ask(,sb,),，语序是陈述句的语序,“You have finished the homework,havent you?”my mother asked.,My mother asked me whether/if I had finished the homework.,直接引语变间接引语时,时态要发生变化,:,一般现在时,现在完成时,现在进行时,一般将来时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变,:,1.,不变的真理,The teacher said to us,The earth,is,round.”,The teacher,told,us that the earth,is,round.,2.,经常的习惯：,He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”,He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3.,历史事件：,The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”,The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,4.,部分情态动词,如,must,ought to,used to,had better,等：,She said to me:“You must hurry up.”,She said that I must hurry up.,5.,主句谓语动词的时态是现在或将来时态，在引述时，时态不变。,The teacher says,，“,She,is,a good student.”,The teacher says that she,is,a good student.,The teacher will say that she,is,a good student.,1.,直接引语中有一个确切的过去时间状语,2.,直接引语是过去完成时和过去进行时,3.,当直接引语中有以,when,while,，,since,引导的表示过去的时间状语从句时,4.,当引语是谚语、格言时,5.,当直接引语中有情态动词,should,would,could,had better,would rather,might,must,ought to,used to,need,时,6.,直接引语是经常发生的，习惯性的动作,从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况,:,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,直接引语中的助动词,间接引语中的助动词,shall,should,should,should,（,不变）,will,would,would,would,（,不变）,may,might,might,might,（,不变）,can,could,could,could,（,不变）,must,must/had to,1,.,She said,“Are you from the south?”,2.Mom said to me,“Dont tell a lie.”,3,.,Susan said to me,“We,will,visit the,f,arm,next,week.”,4,.,Mr,.,Paul said to us,“Light travels faster than sound.”,5,.,“,Go and post the letters,”the manager said to him.,6.“I,cant find,my wallet.”he said to me.,7.“I,will take,it home with me.”she said.,练习,8.The teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”,9,.He said,“You can sit here,Jim.”,1,0,.He asked,“How,do,you find it,mother?”,1,1,.“Where,are,you these days?”he asked.,12.“Do you know where she lives?”he asked.,13.“Stop making so much noise,children.”he said.,14.“Dont tell him the news.”she said.,15.He said to me,“Dont ride in the street.”,