高三英语词汇总复习第一单元 新课标 人教版 试题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,总复习词汇第一单元,(,序号为讲义序号,),一,.,重点词汇,5.thirsty(adj),A.,基本含义,:,1.),口渴的：想要喝水的,2.),干旱的，干燥的；焦干的：,thirsty fields.,干旱的田地,3.),渴望的：,B.,词型变化,:thirst(n):,渴,口渴,渴望,热望,thirstless(adj,),不渴的,thirstily(adv),如饥似渴地,C.,常用词组,:,1.)sb be thirsty for,sth,:Theyre thirsty for the,latest news.,2.)sb have a thirst for,sth,:,a thirst for,knowledge.,求知欲,3.)sb thirst(v)for/after,sth,同近义表示法,:,1.)sb,look forward to,sth,/doing,sth,sb,long for,sth,/to do,sth,sb,itch for,sth,/to do,sth,sb,desire(of),sth,/to do,sth,2.)sb have,an itch/an appetite/a desire for,sth,3.)sb,be eager/anxious for,sth,/to do,sth,sb,be desirous of,sth,11.exercise,的一词多义,:,A.(n)1.)(c),练习,习题,2.)(u),训练,锻炼,演习,3.)(v),训练,锻炼,4.)(vt),行使,使担扰,重点在,(2),(3),常用词组,:,1.)sb,take/get/have/do exercise(u),=,sb,_,锻炼身体：为发展或保持身体健康而采取的运用心智或体力的运动,work out,take an hour of vigorous daily exercise at a gym.,在健身房进行一小时的日常健身锻炼,2.)sb,do morning/eye/finger exercises(,复数,),3.),练习，操练：为提高或保持身体健康或增强技巧而完成的任务、难题或其他努力：,a piano exercise;,钢琴练习；,a memory exercise;,记忆练习,4.)sb,exercise(vt,),sth,:,运用（权力）等,exercise patience,运用忍耐力,A doctor should learn how to exercise patience to his clients.,医生应该学会对他的病人运用忍耐力。,16.dress(v),A.,基本含义,:,1.,给,穿衣,(,vt,),2.,给,提供衣服,(,vt,),3.,装饰或装点,(,vt,)dress a Christmas tree.,装饰圣诞树,4.(vt),布置,dress a store window.,布置商店的橱窗,5.,穿上某种样式的衣服,(,vi),sb,dress casually.,穿休闲服,;,sb,dress well/formally/informally/poorly,6.,盛装：穿正式的衣服,(vi),sb,dress for dinner.,为晚宴穿上礼服,7.,清创；敷药；包扎伤口,(,vt)I,dressed his cut hand.,我给他包扎砍伤的手。,B.,常用词组,:,1.)sbA,dress,sbB,(,in,sth,)2.)sb,be dressed,(,in,sth,)3.)sb,get dressed,(,in,sth,),4.)sb,dress up,盛装：穿正式的或精选的服装：,They dressed up and went to the prom.,他们盛装去参加舞会,5.sb,be dressed up as,乔装打扮成,比较,:,1.),make up:,化妆：为在舞台上的角色而改变某人的外表，例如用服装或化妆品,She made up her face to look prettier.,她把脸化了妆以便看上去漂亮些,.,2.),make up for,sth,补偿,How can we make up to you for what you have suffered?,我们如何补偿你所遭受的损害？,make up for lost time,补回失去的时间,They hurried on to make up for lost time.,他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。,C.,用法辨析,:,穿,上,/,戴上,(,点动,),穿着,/,戴着,(,状态,),给,/,使,穿上,Sb,put on,sth,(,反义,:,Sb,take off,sth,),Sb,get dressed,in,sth,(,反义,:,sb,get undressed,),Sb,wear,sth,Sb,be dressed,in,Sb,be in,sth,Sb,have,sth,on(,不用进行时,),Sb,be,well/poorly,dressed,dress,sb,in,sth,D.,延伸与扩展,:,1.(sb)wear,sth,:,a.),面露：在脸上显露：,always wear a smile.,总是面露微笑,b.),蓄，留：以特殊形式具有、带着或保留,：,wear her hair long.,她蓄长发,c.),使厌倦或使耗尽：,Your incessant criticism has worn my patience.,你不断的批评已经使我失去了耐心,2.,wear,sth/sb,out,用坏,;,逐渐用完或消耗,;,使耗尽；使疲乏,20.,short(adj),A.,基本含义,:,1.,短的,矮的,2.,不足的,不够的,B.,特殊含义,:,1.(n),a.,),短片：电影短片,b.,)shorts,短裤：,2.(adv),a.,),突然地；迅速地：,stop short.,突然地停住,b.,),达不到目标地：在一个规定范围或目标前面一点的：,a missile that landed short of the target.,一枚在目标前不远停止飞行的导弹,c.,),处于不利位置地：,We were caught short by the sudden storm.,我们被一切突如其来的风暴弄得狼狈不堪,C.,词性,词义的扩展与延伸,:,1.shortly(adv),很快地；,马上,=soon,Shortly(afterwards),the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.,“,过了没有多久,警察截住了那辆汽车,两个贼都被抓获了”,2.shorten(vt),变短，使变短,:,shorten a dress,把衣服改短,D.,常用词组,:,1.,for short,作为缩写：,Hes called Ed for short.,人们用简称叫他埃德,In summary;briefly.,总之；简而言之,short for,An abbreviation of:,的缩写：,Ed is short for Edward.,埃德（,Ed,）是爱德华（,Edward,）的缩写,short of,Having an inadequate supply of:,供给不够的：,Were short of cash.,我们现在现金不足,2.,in,short:,总之；简而言之,=in a word,3.short,for,;,的缩写：,Ed is short for Edward.,埃德（,Ed,）,是爱德华（,Edward,）,的缩写,4.short,of:,供给不够的,=be out of=run out of.,Were short of cash.,我们现在现金不足,5.,cut,short:,突然打断；突然中止,The chairman had to cut short the proceedings.,会议主席只得提早结束议程。,6.,go,short:,不足，不够，缺欠,7.,run,short(,of,):,用光；用尽；不够,22.,leave,的多义及多句式：,1.,离开：从,走出或远离,:,(,vi,vt,),Sb/sth,leave+(,地点,点动作,);,近义,:depart(from+,地点,),比较,:,1.)sb,be away,(from+,地点,状态,),He will be away for two months.,他将外出两个月。,2.)sb,be absent,(from+,地点,状态,),缺席的；不在场的,He is absent on business.,他因事缺席。,He is absent from Hong Kong.,他不在香港。,3.)sb,absent(vt,)oneself from,离开，不在场：,They absented themselves from the debate.,辩论时他们不在场,4.)sb leave,for+,地点,:,到,/,去,/,出发前往某地,;,近义表示法,:,a.),set out/off,for+,地点,b.),start out/off,for+,地点,c.),head(down),for/to+,地点,）,往,去,;,走向,；,势必会遭遇,Where are you heading for?,你往哪儿去？,The thirsty animals headed for the water.,干渴的动物向水走去。,Youre heading for an accident if you drive after drinking.(,喻,),d.)sb,advance on,+,地点,:,前进；增进,The Allied troops are advancing on the camp of the enemy.,盟军正在向敌军营地挺进。,e.)sb,make ones way to,+,地点,:,前去,/,去某地,f.),sb,make for,+,地点,:,移向,;,走向某地,2.,留下,遗忘,;,没有拿走或移走,:,sb,leave,sth,+,介词,+,地点,I left my book on the bus.,把我的书忘在公共汽车上了,3.,留下：某人离开或不在时给予或存放以备使用或告知某事,:,sbA,leave,sth,for,sbB,He left a note for you.,他给你留了封短信。,Leave your name and address.,留下你的姓名和地址,4.,遗赠,:,sbA,leave,sth,to,sbB,She left her money to charity.,她把钱遗赠给慈善机构,5.,交付，托付：转交给另外的人让他控制或采取行动：,sbA,leave,sth,to,sbB,Leave all the details to us.,将细节都交给我们,6.,维持：使或允许在或保持某一特定状态：,a.)A leave,B,+adj/adv/n/prep-phr,leave the lights on.,让灯亮着,b.)A leave B+,to do/doing/done,Leave,构成的常用词组,:,1.)sb,leave,sth,out:,省去,/,遗漏,/,不考虑,2.),leave,sth,off:,停止做或使用,3.),leave,sth,over:,留下,/,剩下,4.),leave,sb,alone:,不打扰某人,5.),leave school:,退学,离校,毕业,*,leaver(n):,离开者,(,即将,),离校,(,就业,),者,25.,order,的一词多义及词组,:,1.,(,发布,),命令,(,vt,n,),：,下令：下令做,，发出指示做,：,近义,:,command,sbA,order,sbB,to do,sth,sbA,order,(that),S+,(should)+do/be/be done,They ordered him,to stop.,他们命令他停下。,The general director of the project ordered,that,the work,(should)be started,at once.,工程总指挥命令立即开始工作。,The general has,ordered an advance,/that the army,should advance,.,将军已经命令部队向前推进。,The man,was ordered to pay,$345 for the cost of the trip.,这个人被责令为这次旅行交会,345,英镑。,命令离开；赶出（走）,If you make any more noise I shall,order you out of,the hall!,如果你再吵，我就叫你离开礼堂！,*,order(,名词,)+that S+,(should)+do,sth,/be,2.,定购，预定,点菜,/,饭,(,vt,n,);,近义词,:,book,reserve,Sb,order,sth,=,sb,place,an order,for,sth,Youd better,order a taxi.,你最好还是去预定一辆出租汽车。,Hamburgers are ordered,through a window in the restaurant and then are handed out through the window to the waiting customer.,“,通过餐馆的窗口可以订购汉堡包,然后通过这个窗口把汉堡包递给在外面等候的顾客。”,Ill,have an order of,fish.,我要一客鱼。,3.,顺序：,一组事物各个独立元素的逻辑的、可理解的安排状态,;,秩序：,有条理地、有组织地安排各构成部分以求达到正常的运转或良好的外观的状态,;,情况：,总的情形或状态：,a.),in,order/,in,order,of,:,按,的顺序,in alphabetical order,按字母顺序,;,in order of size/importance,按大小,/,重要性顺序,b.)sb,keep,order:,维持,/,遵守秩序,c.),in,good,order:,情况良好,;,井然有序,The telephone is,out of order,.,电话机坏了。,30.,take,的特殊含义,:,1.),持续，花费（时间）,:,sth,take+,一段时间,How long does the flight take?,这个航班要飞多久？,Just a minute,it wont take me long to change.,等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。,This new pain-killer doesnt take long to act on the pain?,这种新止痛药不需要很长时间就能发挥止痛作用,2.),需要花人力,物力,精力等,:,sth,take,sth,(,人力,物力,精力等,),That work will take,a lot of doing,.,这件事是不容易做好的。,It takes,two men,to do this.,做这项工作需要两个人。,3.),花费,(,钱,):it,take,+,钱,+to do,sth,;,sth,take+,钱,It takes a lot of money to buy a house.,买一所房子要花一大笔钱。,4.),接受：,勉强的或情愿地接受（所欠的、提供的或给予的某物）：,take criticism.,接受批评,5.),研读,攻读，修（课）,Did you,take history,at school?,你在学校上过历史课吗？,take,art,lessons,:,学艺术课程；,take,Spanish,:,学西班牙语,take,构成的重要词组,:,1.take,in,sb/sth,a.),让,进入，接纳，吸收：,允许,进来；接受,为客人或雇员,b.),理解：,I couldnt take in the meaning of the word.,我不能够理解这个词的含义,c.),欺骗，诱骗：,He was taken in by a confidence artist.,他被一名骗人的行家给骗了,2.take,on,sb,:,雇；雇佣：,He took on more workers during the harvest.,他在收获期间雇了更多的工人,3.take,up,sth,a.),开始从事；专注于,He,took up art,while at school.,他在学校时开始对艺术感到兴趣。,b.),继续；接下去,(,做,),Another student,took up the story.,另一个学生接着把故事讲下去,.,c.),用尽，耗掉或占用,;,占据时间,空间,The extra duties,took up most of my time.,额外工作耗费了我绝大部分时间,4.take,down,sth,:,记下：,以书写的形式记录下来的,5.take A,for,B,a.),把,A,视作,B:,近义,:regard/consider A as B,Do you take me for a fool?,你以为我是个傻瓜吗,?,b.),误认为,A,是,B:,近义,:mistake A for B,Dont take silence for approval.,不要把沉默误认为是同意,6.take,over,sth,:,接任,接管,接收,;,He took over his father business after,graduation.,7.take,sth,for granted,想当然：认为,是真实的、正确的或会要发生的；料想,是正确的,8.,sb,take,heart:,充满信心或勇气,9.take,notice of,sth,:,注意到,10.sth take,(ones)breath away,令人窒息：使,进入一种敬畏或震惊的状态,*,breath-,taking,(adj,),惊人的,11.take,(ones)time;,近义,:(Theres)no hurry,慢慢地行动或不急不忙地行动,比较,:,take it easy=dont worry,二,.,重点词组,:,2.,因为,原谅某人的表示法,:,sbA,excuse/forgive/pardon,sbB,for,sth,/doing,She excused herself for being late.,她为她的迟到辩解,Ill never forgive you for what you have done wrong to your parents.,“,你伤害了你的父母,我永远也不会原谅你。”,Pardon me for interrupting(you).,对不起打扰,(,你,),了。,*,If,sb,.says,sth,.that you do not hear,you can say,I beg your pardon?,or,Pardon?,so they will say it again.,如果有人说什么话你没有听见，你可以说“对不起，请原谅。”于是他们会再说一遍的。,*,We must,pardon the young man his little faults.(pardon,sb+sth,),我们必须宽恕这个年轻人的小过错。,对应表示法,:,sbA,blame,sbB,for,sth,/doing,sth,sbA,punish,sbB,for,sth,/doing,sth,6.bed,构成的词组,:,a.)make,the,bed:,铺床,b.)get,out of,bed=,sb,get up=,sb,rise,起身,/,起床,c.)sbA,put,sbB,to,bed,安顿某人睡觉,d.)sbA,send,sbB,to,bed,打发某人去睡觉,7.day,构成的词组,:,a.)day in,day out:,不间断的每一天的；持续不断的,b.)pass the time of day:,与人闲聊,c.),day about:,每隔一天地,=every other day,=every second day,d.)day,off:,休假,e.)day,break:,黎明,f.)day boy:,走读生,g.)day order:,当天有效的定货单,h.)day return:,即日来回票,day,to,day:,天天,日复一日,8.out of,的基本含义及构成的重要词组,:,a.),表示从,中：,five out of six votes.,六人中有五人投票,b.),表示摆脱,/,超出,范围,out of,action:,失去作用,;,损坏,;,有故障,out of,all knowledge,:,无法辨认的,;(,变得,),认不出来,out of,bread,:,口,失业,;out of,breath:,上气不接下气,out of,date:,过时的,废弃的,;out of,fashion:,不流行,out of,all reason:,无理的,;,out of,play,:,死球,out of,condition:,健康状况不好,保存得不好,out of,the question,:,不可能,C.),表示出于,/,由于,;out of,fear,:,由于恐惧,/out of,gratitude,:,出于感激,/out of,habit,:,出于习惯,/out of,kindness,出于仁慈,出于好意,/out of,pity,:,出于同情,D.,表示不再拥有,的状态：,Were out of,coffee,;,我们没咖啡喝了；,We were tricked out of,our savings,.,我们受骗，把积蓄都花光了,out of,practice,:,荒疏,久不练习,;,out of,stock,:,已脱销,;out of,store,:,耗尽,9.put,构成的重要词组：,1.),put up,a.),举起；抬起；张开（伞）,:put up a tent:,架起帐篷,Put your hands up!;Put,em,up!,举起手来,!,b.),张贴；公布,put up,a notice,:,张贴布告,Jasper has put up,No Parking signs,outside his gate,but these have not had any effect.,“,贾斯珀把几块,禁止停车的牌子挂在大门外边,但这没有任何效果。”,c.),接待；为,提供食宿；供膳宿,We can put up,ten people for the night,at a,pinch.,必要时我们可以留宿十个人。,2.)sb,put up with,sb/sth,:,忍受；忍耐；受苦,I cant put up with your,hypocricy,any more.,我再也不能容忍你的虚伪态度了。,That woman,as a housewife,has a lot to put up with.,那个女人是个家庭主妇不得不忍受许多烦恼。,We had to put up with the inconvenience.,我们不得不忍受不便之处,3.),put across,sth,:,解释；表达,=get across,sth,Im not putting,my meaning,across very well.,我未把我的意思解释清楚。,4.),put away,sth,:,储存（钱,),储存,备用,;,储蓄,(=put by),The boy put,the food,away in the cupboard after he finished his dinner.,小男孩吃完晚饭后把食品在橱里放好。,5.),put down,sth,a.),写下；记下,“,Put it down to my account,please.”,请记在我的帐上。,b.),结束；抑制：制止，取缔：使变得不起作用：,put down,a rebellion,:,镇压了一起暴乱,put down,rumors,:,制止流言,6.),put forward,sth,:,提出（意见、建议）,In 1860,a better plan was put forward by an Englishman,William Low.,“1860,年,一个名叫威廉,.,娄的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。”,7.),put off,sth,/doing,sth,:,延期；推迟,Dont,put off,until tomorrow,what can be done today,.,今日可做的事不要拖到明天。,put off,paying,the bills:,拖延付清帐单,8.),put out:,熄灭：,put out,a fire.,Please put out,the light,before you go to bed.,上床之前请把灯关掉,.,10.air,构成的词组：,1.),in the open air,:,在户外,露天,=out of the doors=outdoors,2.),on the air,:,在广播,3.),in the air,:,在空中,;,广泛的；流行的：,Excitement was in the air.,到处充满了兴奋之情,14(a),or rather:,more exactly;more accurately:,更确切地；更精确地：,Hes my friend,or rather,he was my friend.,他是我的朋友，不过更确切地说，他曾经是我的朋友,14(b),later on=later=afterwards,后来，过后,Many years later,in Washington,D.C.,he,spoke to a crowd of 250,000 people.,许多年以后,在华盛顿特区,他向二十五万美国人民发表了演说。,Later,the Crystal Palace was moved to,South London.,后来,水晶宫,搬到了伦敦南郊。,But,some time later,it began to rain.,但过了些时候开始下雨了。,Ill tell you all about it,later on,.,晚些时候我再把,有关这一切告诉你。,比较,:1.),late,:after the expected,usual,or proper time:,迟：比预期的，通常的或适合的时间晚：,a train that,arrived late,;,火车晚点；,He,woke late,and had to skip breakfast.,他起床迟了，不得不不吃早点,Late in the afternoon,the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field.,傍晚,孩子们在田地的当中搭起了帐篷。,The bush was planted,late in the season,.,灌木是在季末才种上的。,比较,:,(2),lately:recently/of late,不久前；最近,:,主要与现在完成时连用,偶尔也与一般过去时连用,Have you been on a bus lately?,你最近乘过公共汽车吗？,It is only/just lately that I got a copy of the novel.,最近我才弄到一本这部小说。,15.on,表示“在行动中,作用中”,a.),be on+n,:be on leave/on fire/on the way.,休假；着火；在途中,b.),sth,be on:,There is a party on tonight.,今晚要举行一个聚会,The television is on.,电视机是开着的,The parade is on.,游行在进行,c.),be on a/an+n,be on a visit to,sb/sth,:,访问某人,/,参观某地,/,在,.,家里作客,be on a vacation trip:,在度假旅行,be on a walk:,在散步的时候,21.pass,sth,on(to,sb,)=hand,sth,down(to,sb,),=pass,sth,down(to,sb,),传下来；传给（后代）,These jewels have been passed down in our family from generation to generation for hundreds of years.,这些珠宝在我们家代代相传已有好几百年的历史了。,比较,:,sb,pass away:,去世；死,(=pass on,pass over),23.send,构成的重要词组：,1.sb,send for,sb,/,sth,:,召唤,派人去请某人,/,拿某物,Lets send for hamburgers.,让我们派人去找汉堡吧,2.sb,send up,sth,发出,射出,长出,3.sb/sth,send,sb+adj,:,使,陷入；使处于（某种状态）,This noise will,send me mad.,这吵声会使我发疯。,4.sb/sth,send,sb/sth,doing,sth,导致,/,使某人做某事,You must send someone,handling,the accident.,The earthquake sent all the people,rushing,out of the rooms.,24.sb get to do(,常用,:to know/to see/to realize/,to understand/to wonder),某人渐渐开始,27.oneself,构成的重要词组,:,1.)2.)5.)6.)7.)9.)10.),