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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,1,description n.,描写，描绘，形容,Berlin sounds fascinating from your description.,从你的叙述来看，柏林好像是个迷人的城市。,Ill need a full description of the stolen property.,我需要一份被窃财产的完整描述的报告。,I gave them a description of my car.,我给他们形容了一下我的汽车。,知识拓展,1)describe,v,.,描述，描写，叙述，形容,The police asked her to describe the two men.,警察叫她描述一下那两名男子。,Its difficult to describe how I feel.,很难形容词我的感受。,2)descriptive,adj,.,描写的，描绘的,The book is full of descriptive passage.,这本书充满了描写性的段落。,活学活用,完成句子,作者开头先描写了那个地区。,The writer began with_ _ _ _ _.,孩子们被要求观看那幅画并描述他们所看到的东西。,Children were asked to look at the painting and_ _ _ _.,答案：,a description of the area,describe what they saw,2,possibility n.,可能,(,性,),，可能的事,Is there any possibility that we will see you this weekend?,我们本周末能见到你吗？,What are the possibilities?,有哪些可能发生的情况？,Changing jobs is one possibility.,换工作是有可能的事。,Science has opened up the possibility of,travelling,in space.,科学开辟了空间旅行的可能性。,知识拓展,possible,adj,.,可能的,impossible,adj,.,不可能的,impossibility,n,.,不可能，不可能性,词语辨析,possible,probable,likely,1)possible,强调客观上有可能，但也常常暗示,“,实际上希望很小,”,，常用的句式为,“,It is possible for,sb,.to do,sth,.,”,或,“,It is possible,that,从句,”,。作表语时不能用人作主语。,2)probable,主要用来指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事，带有,“,大概，很可能,”,的意味，语气较,possible,强。常用的句式为,“,It is probable,从句,”,。作表语时不用人或不定式作主语。,3)likely,侧重从表面看，某事很有可能发生，与,probable,意思相近。既可用人也可用物作主语。常用句式为：,“,It is likely,that,从句,”,或,“,sb,.be likely to do,sth,.,”,但不能说：,It is likely for,sb,.to do,sth,.,活学活用,用,possible/probable/likely,填空。,He always keeps his promises so it,is_that,he will come.,He,is_to,come by bike.,It,is_for,him to help.He is free today.,答案：,probable,likely,possible,3,arrange v.,1),筹备，安排,Can I arrange an appointment for Monday?,我可以安排星期一约见吗？,Have you arranged to meet him?,你安排好去见他了吗？,Ive arranged that we can borrow their car.,我已经说好了，我们可以借用他们的车。,2),整理，布置，排列,Ive arranged my CDs in alphabetical order.,我把我的激光唱片按字母顺序排好了。,She arranged the flowers in a,vase.,她把花瓶中的花插好。,知识拓展,1)arrange for,sb./sth,.(to do,sth,.),使某事物发生；确保某事物发生,Bill arranged for this man to come whenever needed.,比尔安排这人随叫随到。,2)arrange,sth.(for,sth,.),谱写，改编,(,乐曲,),He arranged traditional folk songs for the piano.,他把传统民歌改编成钢琴曲。,3)arrange with,sb,.about,sth,.,约定，商定某事,Ive arranged with the,neighbours,about feeding the cats.,我已和邻居商量妥喂猫的事。,活学活用,She_all,her business affairs before going on holiday.,A,organized,B,arranged,C,planned D,prepared,答案：,B,4,fold v.,1),sth.(up,)|,sth.(back,down,over etc.),折叠，对折,(,纸、织物等,),Fold the letter(in,two)before,putting it in the envelope.,把信,(,对,),折起来再装入信封。,2),(,sth.)(away,/down),折小，叠平，可折小，可叠平,(,以便储存或携带,),The bed can be folded away during the day.,这张床在白天可以折叠收起。,3),A in B|,B round/around/over A,包，裹,Fold this glass bowl in newspaper./Fold newspaper round this glass bowl.,把这个玻璃盆用报纸包好。,4),(up),倒闭；停演；结束,The company folded(up)last week.,那家公司上星期倒闭了。,知识拓展,1)fold ones arms,双臂交叉在胸前,He folded his arms and lowered down his head as usual before he was in deep thought.,跟平常一样在他陷入沉思之前他把双臂交叉起来，低下了头。,2)fold,sb./sth,.in ones arms,hold,sb./sth,.closely,抱住某人,/,某物,Father folded the tiny child in his arms.,父亲把小孩儿抱在怀里。,3)fold ones hands,十指交叉合拢折叠,She kept her hands folded in her lap.,她双手合拢，放在腿上。,活学活用,完成句子,沿这条线把纸折起来。,_ _ _along the line.,答案：,Fold the paper,1,take the place of,代替,She couldnt attend the meeting so her assistant took her place.,她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。,Computers have taken the place of typewriters in most offices.,在大多数办公室里，电脑已经取代了打字机。,知识拓展,1)replace,代替，取代,(,某人,/,某事物,),Can anything replace a mothers love?,有什么东西能代替母爱吗？,2)take ones place,take ones seat,就座,Take your places for dinner.,请各位入席。,3)take place,举行，发生。此时该短语不用于被动形式，与,occure,，,happen,等同类。,活学活用,After the accident,who do you think,will_Susan,?,A,in place of B,instead of,C,take place of D,take the place of,Do you know when and where the wedding party will_,？,A,take place B,be taken place,C,take the place D,happen,答案：,D,A,2,pick up,1),拾起，捡起,She picked up a stone and threw it at the window.,她捡起一块石头朝窗户扔去。,2),收拾，整理,Please pick up all your toys when youve finished playing.,你们玩完后请把所有的玩具收拾好。,3),取物；接人,Pick me up at the hotel.,到旅馆来接我。,4),收听到,We picked up radio signals for help from the damaged plane.,我们接到那架发生故障的飞机发出的无线电求救信号。,5),获得，得到；买到；学会,Where did you pick up that book?,你那本书是怎么得来的？,6)(,使,),重新开始,We picked up the conversation after an interruption.,我们的谈话被打断后又重新开始了。,知识拓展,pick,构成的其他短语还有：,pick up speed,加速,pick on,sb,.,选中某人,(,尤指多次,),pick out,精心挑选；辨别出,活学活用,Did you watch the football match last night?,No,there was something wrong with my TV and it,couldnt_any,programs.,A,send up B,get up,C,pick up D,take up,Kathy_a,lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.,A,picked up B,took up,C,made up D,turned up,答案：,C,A,3,break down,1)(,机器或车辆,),出故障，坏掉,The telephone system has broken down.,电话系统瘫痪了。,2),失败,The peace talks are said to have broken down.,和谈已经失败了。,3),被搞垮，垮掉,Her health broke down under the pressure of work.,工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。,4),情不自禁哭起来,Peter broke down and cried when his mother died.,彼得的母亲去世时，他不禁失声痛哭。,知识拓展,1)break,sth,.down,(1),打倒、砸破,(,某物,),Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside.,消防队员不得不破门而入，解救困在里面的人。,(2),破坏；消除,(,尤指某种感情或态度,),She cant break down/get over/get rid of her shyness.,她无法克服她的羞怯心理。,(3),把,分类；划分以便进行分析,Each lesson is broken down into several units.,每一课都分成几部分。,(4),使分解,(,为,),；使变化,(,成,),Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.,体内的化学物质把食物分解成有用的成分。,2)break up,(1),粉碎，破裂,The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.,天气暖和以后，冰就融化了。,(2)(,come to an end)(,使,),结束,Their marriage broke up.,他们的婚姻破裂了。,(3),散开，解散,The party broke up when the police arrived.,警察到来后，聚会就解散了。,(4)(,学校,),期终放假,When do you break up for Christmas?,你们什么时候放假过圣诞节？,(5),变得虚弱，,(,使,),焦虑；痛苦,He may break up under all this pressure.,他可能承受不了所有这一切的压力。,活学活用,To understand the grammar of the sentence,you must break,it_into,parts.,A,down B,Up,C,off D,Out,(NMET 2003)News reports say peace talks between the two,countries_with,no agreement reached.,A,have broken down B,have broken out,C,have broken in D,have broken up,答案：,A,A,过去分词作宾语补足语,过去分词可以在,“,主语谓语宾语宾补,”,句型中担任宾补。,1,作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系,1),由及物动词转化而来的过去分词担任宾语补足语时，与宾语在逻辑上构成被动关系。,They once heard the song sung in English.,他们曾听见有人用英文唱那首歌。,I find some students in this school often punished by the teachers.,我发现这所学校的学生经常被老师惩罚。,2),少数不及物动词如,go,change,fall,等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。,She found her necklace gone on her way home.,在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。,In fall,you will find the leaves changed from green to brown.,秋天，你会发现树叶由绿变成褐色。,3),动词,seat,hide,dress,等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状态而不表示被动的意义。,When I came in,I found a strange girl seated in the corner.,我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。,I noticed her dressed in black today.,我注意到她今天穿一身黑。,2,需用过去分词作宾语补足语的结构,1),表示感觉或心理状态的动词。此类词有：,see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice,feel,，,find,think,suppose,consider,等。,She felt a great weight taken off her mind.,她觉得心里轻松了些。,They considered the matter settled.,他们认为这问题解决了。,2),使役动词。此类词有：,have,get,make,leave,keep,hold,等。,I was trying to make myself understood.,我正努力使别人听懂自己。,She held her hands pressed against her face.,她用双手捂着脸。,3),表示,“,希望、要求、命令,”,的动词。此类词有：,like,want,wish,order,等。,He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting.,他不喜欢在会议上讨论这类问题。,The students wish the serial TV plays continued.,学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。,4),“,with,宾语过去分词,”,结构。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。,With water heated,we can see the steam.,水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。,(,表条件,),With the matter settled,we all went home.,事情得到解决，我们都回家了。,(,表原因,),注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。,She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.,她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。,(fix ones eyes on,为固定短语，因此，不可将句中,fixed,换为,fixing),He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.,他仍然举着手站了一会儿。,3,“,使役动词,have,宾语过去分词,”,的几种含义,在,“,have,宾语过去分词,”,结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，,have,也可用,get,。这一结构具有以下几种含义：,1),意为,“,主语请别人做某事,”,。,I usually have my clothes washed on Sundays.I dont wash my clothes myself.,我通常在星期天洗衣服，但不是我自己洗。,2),意为,“,主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情,”,。,She had her arm broken in an accident.,在事故中，她的胳膊弄断了。,3),意为,“,使完成某事,”,，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。,He had the walls painted this morning.,他今早把墙漆了。,知识拓展,过去分词、现在分词、不定式作补足语的差异,1),过去分词作补语，表示动作是被动的，动作已经完成，或者是表示一种状态。,Did you leave the doors firmly fastened?,你把门关牢了吗？,I had my watch repaired yesterday.,我昨天把表修好了。,2),现在分词作补语表示过程的一部分，动作正在发生；此外，其被动式,“,being,过去分词,”,也常用作,“,宾语补足语,”,。其内涵为,“,分词动作正在进行，但分词动作与宾语之间是动宾关系,”,。,Are you listening to them quarrelling?,你在听他们吵架吗？,I found the topic being discussed everywhere then.,那时我发现人们到处谈论这个话题。,3),不定式作补语表示动作的全过程或者动作已经结束。,Did you notice him leave the room?,你看到他离开房间了吗？,They heard him read something aloud in the next room for a while.,他们听见他在隔壁房间朗读了一会儿。,高考链接,1,(2009,全国,)They use computers to keep the,traffic_smoothly,.,A,being run B,run,C,to run D,running,答案：,D,句意：他们使用计算机来保持交通畅通无阻。,keep,表示,“,保持或继续处于,的状态,”,，后接形容词，现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、名词以及副词等担任宾语补足语，但不能采用不定式,(,短语,),。例如：,Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,对不起，让你久等了。此外，,run,表示,“,运转，运行,”,，通常用作不及物动词。例如：,The machine wont run smoothly.,这台机器运转不灵。,2,(2007,江苏,)He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make,them_in,his lectures.,A,interested B,interesting,C,interest D,to interest,答案：,A,本题考查了过去分词作宾补。,them,和,interest,之间是被动关系，意思是,“,使某人感兴趣,”,。,1.She wants her,paintings_in,the gallery,but we don t think they would be very popular.,A,display B,to display,C,displaying D,displayed,答案：,D,句意：她希望自己的油画作品能在画廊里展览，但我们认为这些绘画可能不会有人喜欢。,want,sth.(to,be)done,表示,“,希望某事被,”,。,2,A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader must not be left _.,A,unsatisfied B,unsatisfying,C,to be unsatisfying D,being unsatisfied,答案：,A,句意：一个好故事不见得必然有一个美满的结局，但是一定不能令读者觉得不满意。本题考查,“,leave,名词,/,代词宾语补足语,”,结构。采用过去分词,unsatisfied,表示名词,the reader,所处的一种状态。此外，,unsatisfied,表示,“,不满意的，未得到满足的,”,。,3,In the dream Peter saw,himself_by,a fierce wolf,and he woke suddenly with a start.,A,chased,B,to be chased,C,be chased,D,having been chased,答案：,A,句意：在梦中，彼得梦见自己被一只凶猛的狼所追赶，他猛地一惊，从梦中醒来。本题考查过去分词作宾语补足语。在,“,see,名词,/,代词补足语,”,句式中，动作,chase,与,himself,之间在逻辑上构成被动关系，采用过去分词作补足语。注意：在,hear,listen to,see,notice,watch,feel,等动词后面，采用现在分词作补语，通常表示,(,一个主动的,),动作正在发生；采用省略,to,的不定式则表示动作的全过程。注意：选项,D(having,been chased),为现在分词的完成式的被动式，在句中只能担任状语，尤其是时间状语，不担任定语和补足语。此外，,chase,表示,“,追捕；追逐；追赶；追击,”,。,with a start,表示,“,一惊而,；惊动地,”,。,4.You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had,it_often,enough.,A,explaining B,to explain,C,explain D,explained,答案：,D,句意：到如今你应该懂得交通规则了。给你解释交通规则的次数已经够多的啦。本题考查使役动词,have,后接,“,复合宾语,”,的用法；,rules(,规则,),是,“,被解释,”,的，构成被动关系，采用过去分词,explained,。注意：,have,sth,.done,有两种形式，其一表示动作已经完成，动作是被动的。其二是动作还未发生，动作是被动的,(,此时，不能采用,to be done,形式,),。,5,Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_.,A,worried B,to worry,C,worrying D,worry,答案：,A,句意：因年幼子女的违法行为而惩罚父母的法律使父母们发愁。过去分词,worried,作补语，表示宾语所处的一种状态。,6,He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch_.,A,to repair B,repaired,C,repairing D,repair,答案：,B,句意：他不再不停地询问我时间了，因为他已请人把自己的表修好了。本题考查,“,have,sth,.done,”,句式。名词,watch,与动词,repair,之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，采用过去分词,repaired,的形式，表示动作的被动和时间上的完成。,7,The murderer was brought in with his,hands_behind,his back.,A,being tied B,having tied,C,to be tied D,tied,答案：,D,句意：凶手被带了进来，手被绑在背后。本题考查,“,with,名词过去分词,”,的形式。过去分词,tied,表示一个,“,发生在谓语动词,was brought in,之前的被动动作,”,；现在分词的被动式,being tied,表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，不符合题意；现在分词的完成式,having tied,在句中只能作状语，不能作补足语或定语；不定式的被动式,to be tied,表示一个,“,发生在谓语动作之后的被动动作,”,，不符合题意。,8,Good morning.Can I help you?,Id like to have this package_,，,madam.,A,be weighed B,to be weighed,C,to weigh D,weighed,答案：,D,句意：,“,你好，我可以帮助你吗？,”“,女士，我想称量一下这个包裹。,”,本题考查,have,sth,.done,结构中,的第二种形式：表示动作的被动，动作还未发生。注意：使役动词,have,后面不用,to be done,结构作补语。,9,The air has leaked out of this football.Could you get,it_up,?,A,blow B,blowing,C,blown D,to blow,答案：,C,句意：空气已经从这个足球漏出了。你能把足球充满气吗？本题考查,get,sth,.done,结构。,blow,表示,“,充气，膨胀,”,。,10,The traffic problem we are looking forward to,seeing_should,have attracted the local governments attention.,A,solving B,solve,C,to solve D,solved,答案：,D,句意：我们期待解决的交通问题应当引起当地政府的注意。本题考查过去分词作补足语。名词,the traffic problem,与动作,solve,在逻辑上存在,“,动宾关系,”,，采用,(to,be)solved,作补足语，表示被动关系。,11,Youll find the,word,“,honest,”,_ _,under,“,H,”,in any dictionary.,A,has listed B,listed,C,list D,listing,答案：,B,句意：你会发现单词,honest,在字典中列在,H,目录下。名词,the,word,“,honest,”,与动作,list,之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。,12,(2009,上海,)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,，,_ all four people on board.,A.killed B.killing,C.kills D.to kill,答案：,B,句意：一架小型飞机撞在城东五英外的一座山坡上，机上四人全部丧生。本题考查现在分词作结果状语。,13,Because of,my_Russian,I cant make myself_.,A,broken;understood,B,broken;understand,C,break;understood,D,breaking;understanding,答案：,A,句意：由于我的俄语讲的结结巴巴，我不能清楚地表达自己的意思。本题考查过去分词作定语和宾补的用法。,broken,表示,“,(,语言,),拙劣的，不流利的,”,。,make oneself understood,表示,“,(,尤指用另一种语言,),把自己的意思说清楚,”,。,14,(2009,北京,)_twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.,A,Being bitten B,Bitten,C,Having bitten D,To be bitten,答案：,B,句意：被我们的狗咬了两次，那位邮递员便拒绝给我们送信了，除非是我们把狗用链子拴起来。本题考查过去分词担任原因状语。相当于原因状语从句,As he was bitten twice,，,.,注意：由过去分词转化而来的形容词在句中担任状语或后置定语时，不能和,being,连用。例如：,Einstein walked along the street,lost in thought.,爱因斯坦漫步街头，沉浸在思索之中。,15,(2009,浙江,)_and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.,A,To be tired B,Tired,C,Tiring D,Being tired,答案：,B,考查形容词做状语。在此句中,Tired and short of breath,做伴随状语。句意：,Andy,和,Ruby,第一批到达了泰山之顶，筋疲力尽，气喘吁吁。,
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