资源描述
.,单词聚焦,1,_,n,香烟,2,_,n.,烟草；烟丝,3,_,adj.,(,药物等,),上瘾的,4,_,n.,危险,5,_,v,t.,注射,cigarette,tobacco,addictive,danger,inject,6,_,n.,(,注射用的,),针；针管,7,_,adj.,有力的；,(,药等,),有功效,的,8,_,v,t.,减少,9,_,adj.,附近的,10,_,n.,罪行，犯罪行为,11,_,adj.,违法的，不合法的,12,_,n.,治疗,13,_,n.,成人,adult,treatment,illegal,crime,nearby,reduce,powerful,needle,14,_,v,i.,不同意；意见不合,15,_,v,t.,禁止,16,_,adj.,令人不快的，极讨厌的,17,_,v,t.,影响；对,有坏影响,18,_,n.,参与者；参加者,19,_,v,t.,认识，认知；认出,20,_,n.,慢跑,jogging,recognise,participant,affect,horrible,ban,disagree,.,短语扫描,1,break,_,闯入,2,give,_,放弃,3,be,_to,对,上瘾,4,be,related,_,和,有关,5,instead,_,代替，而不,into,up,addicted,to,of,6,_,one,s,advice,听取某人的建议,7,be,in,_,处于危险之中,8,_,to,属于,9,compare._.,把,比做,10,more,_,多于；超过,than,to,belong,danger,take,.,原句突破,1,How,many,of,them,break,the,law,_,_,_,_,_,_,_(,为了买毒品,)?,【,答案,】,in,order,to,pay,for,their,drugs,2,Drug,users,_,_,_,_,_,_,_(,更有可能陷入麻烦,),at,school.,【,答案,】,are,more,likely,to,get,into,trouble,3,Now,I,work,in,a,centre,for,drug,addicts,，,_,_,_,_,_,_(,帮助别人戒毒,),【,答案,】,helping,others,to,stop,taking,drugs,4,_,_,_(,无论你在做什么,),when,you,want,to,smokedo,something,else!,【,答案,】,Whatever,you,re,doing,5,During,the,1990s,21,million,people,died,_,_,_,_,_,_(,由于吸烟,),【,答案,】,as,a,result,of,smoking,cigarettes,addict,oneself,to,沉溺于，醉心于,be/become,addicted,to,沉醉于，沉迷于，上瘾,a,drug,addict,吸毒上瘾的人,Many,young,students,are,addicted,to,addict,vt,.,使沉溺，使入迷；,n,.(,对药物等,),上瘾的人,computer,games.,许多青年学生沉溺于电脑游戏。,Don,t,be,addicted,to,net,chatting.It,wastes,too,much,time.,不要沉醉于网上聊天，它浪费太多时间。,His,brother,is,a,drug,addict,，,which,makes,his,parents,worried.,他弟弟是个吸毒成瘾的人，这使得他父母很着急。,It,s,beyond,our,imagination,that,a,former,work,addict,would,become,tired,of,working,one,day.,很难想像，一位曾经的工作狂有一天会厌倦了工作。,(1)addictive,adj.,上瘾的,This,medicine,has,side,effect,and,you,can,easily,get,addictive.,这种药有副作用，你很容易上瘾的。,(2)addiction,n,瘾；入迷；嗜好,He,is,now,fighting,his,addiction,to,smoking.,他现在正努力戒烟。,1.People,_,drugs,have,much,difficulty,in,getting,rid,of,the,_.,A,addictive,to,；,addict,B,addicted,to,；,addict,C,addicted,to,；,addiction,D,addictive,to,；,addiction,【,答案,】,C,2,_to,drugs,，,he,seldom,call,his,parents,only,when,he,asks,them,for,money.,A,Being,addicted,B,Addicted,C,Addicting,D,Having,addicted,【,解析,】,主语,he,和动词,addict,之间关系为,he,is,addicted,to,drugs,，因此要用过去分词作状语。,【,答案,】,B,She,is,too,fat,，,so,she,is,going,to,reduce,weight.,她太胖了，所以她想减肥。,In,order,to,save,money,to,buy,his,daughter,a,piano,，,the,father,reduced,his,expenses,on,cigarettes.,reduce,v,.,减少，降低,为了攒钱给女儿买架钢琴，那位父亲削减了吸烟方面的开支。,Costs,have,been,reduced,by,20%,over,the,past,year.,过去一年里各项费用减少了,20%,。,The,expenses,have,been,reduced,to,1,000,yuan,one,month.,每月的费用已降到,1,000,元。,使某人陷入某种状态或状况中,What,I,said,reduced,him,to,silence.,我的话使他不再讲话。,He,was,reduced,to,begging,for,food.,他沦落到要饭的地步。,3.Many,students,have,dropped,out,of,school,and,now,the,number,of,our,class,has_50.,A,reduced,by,B,reduced,to,C,increased,to,D,increased,by,【,解析,】,根据,“,drop,out,of,school,！,”,可知学生辍学，班内人数应为减少，所以排除,C,、,D,两项。减少到多少人时用介词,to,，表减少的幅度要用介词,by,，根据数字,“,50,”,来看，应为,“,减少到,”,，所以用介词,to,。,【,答案,】,B,be,in,connection,with,与,有关,There,is,a,clear,connection,between,cancer,and,smoking.,吸烟与癌症之间有明显的关系。,I,went,to,the,police,in,connection,with,the,theft,of,my,bike.,我因为自行车被盗一事而去警察局。,connection,n,.,联系，关系，连接,connect,v,连接；联合；联系；结合,be,connected,to,(with),与,连接；与,有关,This,pipe,connects,with,the,main,drain,outside,the,house.,这个水管通往屋外的总排水渠。,There,is,no,evidence,to,suggest,that,he,is,connected,with,the,case.,没有证据表明他与这个案子有关。,4.Scientists,have,been,doing,research,on,new,ways,of,curing,deadly,diseases_with,environmental,pollution,，,such,as,lung,cancer.,A,related,B,combined,C,connected,D,joined,【,解析,】,句意为：科学家一直在研究治疗和环境污染有关的致命疾病的新方法像肺癌等。,be,connected,with,和,有关；,be,related,to,和,有关；,be,combined,with,和,结合；,joined,一般不与,with,搭配。,【,答案,】,C,disagree,with,sb.on/about/over,sth.,与某人关于某事意见不同,disagree,with,(,气候，食物等,)(,对人,),不适合,disagree,vi,.(,事情,),与,不一致，不符合,His,conduct,disagrees,with,his,words.,他言行不一。,She,disagreed,with,me,on,that,point.,她关于那一点与我的意见相左。,The,climate,here,disagrees,with,me.,这儿的气候对我不适合。,(1)agree,with,同意,；,(,气候，食物等,),适合于某人；和,相一致,(,常用于否定句,),I,think,you,ll,agree,with,me,that,the,situation,is,improving.,Your,story,does,not,agree,with,what,I,have,heard.,(2)agree,to.,赞成,；同意计划、建议或条件等,I,told,him,my,plan,and,he,at,once,agreed,to,it.,He,agreed,to,lend,me,his,bike.,(3)agree,on,就,取得一致意见和看法,We,couldn,t,agree,on,the,price.,我们不能就价格取得一致意见。,5.You,are,saying,that,everyone,should,be,equal,，,and,this,is_I,disagree.,A,why,B,where,C,what,D,how,【,解析,】,本题考查关联词，引导表语从句。,agree,(disagree),一般作不及物动词，作及物动词时也不直接跟名词、代词作宾语。,and,连接两个并列分句，,this,指代上句所说的内容。,where,在从句中作地点状语引导表语从句。意思是：这就是我不同意的地方,(,或之所在,),。,【,答案,】,B,6,(2008,年湖南卷,)When,did,you,last,hear_Jay?,He,phoned,me,this,morning,，,and,we,agreed_a,time,and,place,to,meet.,A,of,；,to,B,about,；,with,C,from,；,with,D,from,；,on,【,解析,】,句意为：,“,你最后一次接到,Jay,的电话是什么时候？,”“,他今天早晨打了电话给我，我们确定了下次见面的时间和地点。,”,hear,from,receive,a,letter/telephone,call,etc.from,sb.,接到某人的信、电话等；,agree,on,意为经协商达成一致意见。,【,答案,】,D,7,In,general,，,we,always,shared,the,same,opinion,，,but,this,time,he_me,on,that,point.,A,disagreed,with,B,disagreed,to,C,agree,with,D,agree,to,【,解析,】,根据句意和连词,but,可知这次他不同意我的观点，排除,C,、,D,两项，,disagree,with,sb.on,sth.,“,就某事和某人观点不一样,”,。,【,答案,】,A,ban,doing,sth.,禁止做某事,ban,sb.from,doing,sth.,禁止某人做某事,The,government,has,banned,the,use,of,chemical,weapons.,政府已经禁止使用化学武器。,ban,vt,.,明令禁止,Canada,will,ban,smoking,in,all,offices,later,this,year.,今年下半年加拿大将禁止在办公室吸烟。,In,the,1950s,，,the,blacks,in,some,states,of,America,were,banned,from,going,to,some,public,places.,在,20,世纪,50,年代美国某些州黑人被禁止去一些公共场所。,ban,n,禁止，禁令,put,a,ban,on.,禁止,place/put.under,a,ban,禁止,under,a,ban,被禁止,There,is,a,ban,on,smoking,in,theaters.,剧院里禁止吸烟。,The,president,of,the,country,has,put,a,ban,on,the,import,of,tobacco.,该国总统宣布禁止进口烟草。,Smoking,in,a,readingroom,is,placed,under,a,ban.,在阅览室吸烟是被禁止的。,8.It,is,a,rule,that,the,students,are,banned_computer,games,in,our,school.,A,to,play,B,from,playing,C,of,playing,D,on,playing,【,解析,】,ban,sb.from,doing,sth.,禁止某人做某事，在此题中考查了其被动形式,sb.be,banned,from,doing,sth.,。,【,答案,】,B,(1),“影响”，通常指对身体、思想或情绪带来不良影响。,Lei,Feng,has,affected,several,generations,of,the,youths,in,China.,雷锋影响了中国的几代年轻人。,His,opinion,will,not,affect,my,decision.,他的意见不会影响我的决定。,affect,vt,.,影响；感动；侵袭,Cold,weather,has,affected,her,health.,寒冷的天气影响到她的健康。,(2),感动，触动，相当于,move,。,All,the,people,in,the,room,were,affected,to,tears.,屋里所有人都感动得流了泪。,The,story,affected,us,deeply.,这个故事深深地打动了我们。,(3),感染，侵袭，一般指感染疾病。,The,disease,is,beginning,to,affect,her,eyesight.,该病逐渐侵袭到她的视力。,The,doctors,are,trying,their,best,to,treat,the,affected,patients.,医生们正在尽力治疗那些感染的病人。,affect,与,effect,用法比较：,两个词都表示“影响”，但,affect,是动词，而,effect,则是名词，其常用短语为：,have,an,effect,on,。,What,the,teacher,said,affected,me,greatly.,What,the,teacher,said,had,a,great,effect,on,me.,老师说的话对我影响很大。,9.The,conference,has,been,told,to,discuss,the,effects,of,tourism_the,wildlife,in,the,area.,A,in,B,on,C,at,D,with,【,解析,】,由句中的,effects,可知，应选择,on,，表,“,对,的影响,”,之意。,【,答案,】,B,10,We,always,pay,attention,to,the,weather,because,it,_us,so,directly,what,we,wear,，,what,we,do,and,even,how,we,feel.,A,benefits,B,affects,C,concludes,D,attracts,【,解析,】,考查动词辨析。句意为,“,我们总是很关注天气的情况，因为它直接影响到我们的着装，我们所做的事情，甚至我们的感觉,”,。在此，,affect,是动词，意为,“,影响,”,。,benefit,对,有益；,conclude,得出结论；,attract,吸引，均不合句意。,【,答案,】,B,I,recognised,her,voice,over,the,phone.,我在电话里听出她的声音了。,He,has,changed,so,much,that,I,can,hardly,recognise,him.,他变化了这么多，以至于我几乎认不出他来。,recognise,vt,.,认出；辨出；承认，认可,He,is,recognised,to,be,one,of,the,greatest,poets,in,the,20th,century.,他被公认为是,20,世纪最伟大的诗人之一。,He,didn,t,recognise,that,he,had,made,a,big,mistake.,他没有认识到自己犯下了大错。,know,，,recognise,与,realize,用法比较：,(1)know,表示“知道某人”，也可以表示“熟悉”。,I,have,known,him,since,I,was,a,child.,我从小就认识他。,(2)recognise,用来表示原来已认识，而再次认出之意，即,know,again,。,I,knew,the,boy,several,years,ago,，,but,now,I,can,hardly,recognise,him.,几年前我就认识了那个男孩，但是现在我几乎认不出他了。,(3)realize,侧重指认识上的觉醒，常译为“意识到，明白”。,When,he,realized,what,happened,，,he,was,sorry.,当他意识到所发生的事时，他感到抱歉。,11.Oh,，,it,s,you.I_you.,I,ve,just,had,my,hair,cut,and,I,m,wearing,new,glasses.,A,didn,t,recognise,B,hadn,t,recognised,C,haven,t,recognised,D,don,t,recognize,【,解析,】,解答本题时要注意上下文，从上文,it,s,you,可知,“,认出,”,这个动作相对现在说是一个发生在过去的动作，故应用一般过去时。,【,答案,】,A,Thieves,broke,into,the,store,at,night.,小偷在夜里闯入了这家商店。,As,the,president,s,car,arrived,，,the,crowd,broke,into,loud,applause.,当总统的汽车到达时，人群中爆发出了热烈的掌声。,break into,破门而入，强行闯入；突然,起来,break,in,打断；闯入,break,out,爆发；突然发生,break,away,from,脱离；打破,break,down,打掉；坏掉；失败；垮掉,break,off,折断；突然停止；脱落；断绝,break,up,打碎；拆散；分裂；分解；驱散,I,was,still,sleeping,when,the,fire,broke,out,，,and,then,it,spread,quickly.,当火灾发生时我正在睡觉，然后它快速蔓延开了。,He,has,broken,down,after,many,years,hard,work.,由于多年的劳累，他病倒了。,They,quarreled,with,each,other,and,their,friendship,broke,up.,他们吵架了，友谊破裂了。,12.He,hurried,home,，,only,to,find,his,house_.,A,had,broken,into,B,has,been,broken,into,C,broken,into,D,being,broken,into,【,解析,】,句意为：他匆匆忙忙回家，结果发现有人闯入过他的房子。从逻辑关系上分析，,“,房子,”,与,“,闯入,”,之间应是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应排除,A,项，而,B,项的错误之处在于它的时态错误。,C,、,D,两项的不同之处在于前者表示动作已完成，后者表示动作正在进行中。,【,答案,】,C,give,up,sth.to,sb.,把,让给,/,献给某人,He,was,asked,to,give,up,smoking,and,drinking.,他被要求戒烟戒酒。,In,the,bus,，,the,young,should,give,up,their,seats,to,the,old.,在公共汽车上，年轻人应该把座位让给老人。,give up,放弃；让给；停止,(1)give,away,失去；赠送；颁发,You,ve,given,away,a,good,chance,of,winning,the,match.,你已失去了一个赢得比赛的良机。,He,gave,away,all,his,money.,他把所有的钱都送人了。,The,mayor,gave,away,the,prizes,at,the,sports,meeting.,市长在运动会上颁奖。,(2)give,in,投降；屈服,He,has,given,in,to,my,views.,他顺从了我的意见。,The,mother,gave,in,and,bought,a,toy,for,her,child.,拗不过孩子的要求，母亲买了玩具给她的孩子。,(3)give,off,放出,(,液体、气体、雾、烟等,),These,wild,flowers,give,off,a,nice,smell.,这些野花散发出一股香味。,(4)give,out,发出,(,声、光、电、热、信号等,),，分发；发表；用完，筋疲力尽,(,不及物动词,),The,ship,gave,out,radio,signals,for,help,before,she,sank.,那条船沉没前向外发出了无线电求救信号。,His,strength,gave,out,after,running,such,a,long,distance.,跑了这么远的距离，他筋疲力尽了。,13.(2010,年黄冈检测,)The,captain,showed,great,perseverance,and,never_to,disappointment,，,even,when,the,ship,sank.,A,gave,off,B,gave,away,C,gave,way,D,gave,up,【,解析,】,考查动词短语辨析。,give,way,to,sth.,向,屈服，符合语境。,【,答案,】,C,14,(2009,年安徽卷,)We,tried,to,find,a,table,for,seven,，,but,they,were,all_.,A,given,away,B,kept,away,C,taken,up,D,used,up,【,解析,】,句意为：我们想找一张七个人坐的桌子，但,(,桌子,),全都有人了。,give,away,出卖，赠送；,keep,away,远离；,take,up,占据；,use,up,用光。,【,答案,】,C,15,(2008,年江苏卷,)If,a,person,has,not,had,enough,sleep,，,his,actions,will,give,him_during,the,day.,A,away,B,up,C,in,D,back,【,解析,】,句意为：如果一个人没有充足的睡眠，他的行为举止总会显露出来的。,give,away(,不经意地,),泄露，符合句意，而,give,up,放弃；,give,in,屈服；,give,back,归还，均不符合题意。,【,答案,】,A,(1)sb./sth.be,likely,to,do.(,某人,/,物,),可能,What,makes,you,think,Betty,is,not,likely,to,succeed?,什么使得你认为贝蒂不可能成功？,Drug users are more likely to get into trouble at school.,在学校里吸毒者更可能陷入麻烦。,The,headmaster,is,not,likely,to,attend,the,meeting.,校长很可能会不来参加会议了。,Something,is,likely,to,happen,at,any,time.,随时都有可能发生什么事情。,(2)It,is,likely,that.,很可能,It,is,likely,that,he,will,be,late.,He,is,likely,to,be,late.,他可能会迟到。,It,is,very,likely,that,my,parents,will,not,allow,me,to,go.,我父母很可能不会让我去。,It,is,highly,likely,that,he,will,succeed.,他非常可能成功。,16.John,was_to,win,the,200meter,race,，,but,he,fell,to,the,ground,and,missed,the,chance.,A,maybe,B,possible,C,probable,D,likely,【,解析,】,maybe,是副词，只能作状语，不能作表语，故排除，,possible,或,probable,作表语时，人不能作其主语。,【,答案,】,D,stop,(prevent,，,keep),sb./sth.from,doing,阻止,做,The,heavy,rain,kept,us,from,coming,in,time.,大雨使我们不能及时赶来。,He,stopped,the,children,from,playing,near,the,river.,他阻止孩子们在河边玩耍。,The government put up the price of cigarettes so as to stop people buying them.,为了阻止人们购买香烟，政府提高了香烟价格。,Can,t,you,prevent,your,dog,coming,into,my,garden?,你能不能不让你的狗到我的花园里来？,No,one,can,keep,the,plan,from,being,carried,out.,谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。,stop,和,prevent,用于该结构时，介词,from,可以省略，但在被动语态中不能省；,keep,用于该结构，任何时候都不能省略,from,。,You,should,prevent/stop,him,(from),telling,lies.,你应该阻止他说谎。,He,was,prevented,by,illness,from,taking,the,final,exam.,他因病未能参加期末考试。,17.The,guard,_,him,_,through,the,gate.,A,stopped,；,going,B,kept,；,going,C,prevented,；,went,D,stopped,；,to,go,【,解析,】,stop,sb.(from),doing,sth.,阻止某人做某事；若选,B,项，应在,going,前加上,from,。,【,答案,】,A,18,If,city,noises,_,from,increasing,，,people,_,shout,to,be,heard,even,at,dinner,table,20,years,from,now.,A,are,not,kept,；,have,to,B,do,not,keep,；,have,to,C,are,not,kept,；,will,have,to,D,do,not,keep,；,will,have,to,【,解析,】,noise,与,keep,之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；根据时间状语，可知主句应用一般将来时。,【,答案,】,C,19,Yesterday,she,was,prevented,_,illness,_,to,work.,A,for,；,from,going,B,by,；,going,C,by,；,to,go,D,by,；,from,going,【,解析,】,句意为,“,昨天，她因病未能去上班,”,。,prevent,用于被动语态中，介词,from,不能省略。,【,答案,】,D,Whatever,you,re,doing,是由,whever,引导的让步状语从句。此时由,whever,引导的从句都可以换成,no,matter,相应的,wh,疑问词。,Whatever youre doing when you want to smokedo something else,！,当你想抽烟的时候，无论你在做什么,做其他的事情！,Whatever,(No,matter,what),I,suggest,，,he,always,disagree,with,me.,无论我提什么建议，他总是不同意。,Whatever,you,do,，,you,mustn,t,break,the,law.,无论你做什么，你都不准违法。,Whatever,decision,he,made,I,would,support,it.,无论他作出什么决定我都会支持的。,whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,既可以引导状语从句，也可引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。,Help,yourself,to,whatever,you,want.,无论你想要什么都请自便。,(whatever,引导宾语从句。此时不能换成,no,matter,what,的形式,),Whoever,(,No,matter,who),asks,him,for,advice,，,he,is,always,ready,to,help.,不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。,20.(2009,年全国卷,)The,lawyer,seldom,wears,anything,other,than,a,suit_the,season.,A,whatever,B,wherever,C,whenever,D,however,【,解析,】,句意为：无论什么季节，这位律师除了一套西装以外，很少穿其他的。,whatever,引导让步状语从句，,whatever,the,season,即,whatever,the,season,is,。,wherever,无论什么地方；,whenever,无论什么时候；,however,无论怎样，均不符合语境要求。,【,答案,】,A,21,(2008,年上海卷,)_well,prepared,you,are,，,you,still,need,a,lot,of,luck,in,mountain,climbing.,A,However,B,Whatever,C,No,matter,D,Although,【,解析,】,句意为：无论你做的准备多么充分，在爬山时，你仍会需要很多运气。,however,well,prepared,you,are,no,matter,how,well,prepared,you,are,，引导让步状语从句。,【,答案,】,A,22,(2007,年山东卷,)Could,I,speak,to_is,in,charge,of,International,Sales,，,please?,A,anyone,B,someone,C,whoever,D,no,matter,who,【,解析,】,whoever,在句中引导名词性从句，作介词,to,的宾语，,whoever,在从句中作主语；,D,项只能引导让步状语从句。,【,答案,】,C,23,(2006,年山东卷,)_team,wins,on,Saturday,will,go,through,to,the,national,championships.,A,No,matter,what,B,No,matter,which,C,Whatever,D,Whichever,【,解析,】,由句式结构可知此空白处应选择连词引导主语从句，且在主语从句中作,team,的定语使用，选项中只有,whichever,可同时具备这两种功能。,【,答案,】,D,.,单词拼写,1,I,r_,her,by,red,hat,at,first,sight.,【,答案,】,recognized,2,They,d_,sometimes,，,though,they,have,been,good,friends,for,years.,【,答案,】,disagree,3,Do,you,like,Li,Ning,，,a,great,g_,in,China?,【,答案,】,gymnast,4,The,massacre,(,大屠杀,),was,a,c_,against,humanity.,【,答案,】,crime,5,He,felt,it,so_(,危险,),that,he,stopped,using,the,instrument,at,once.,【,答案,】,dangerous,6,This,medicine,is,p_.You,can,take,it.,【,答案,】,powerful,7,Is,it_(,非法,),when,the,boss,keeps,back,the,workers,salary,with,no,reasons?,【,答案,】,illegal,8,The,expert,found,a,new,_(,医疗方法,),for,cancer.,【,答案,】,treatment,9,I,find,it,hard,to,work,at,home,because,there,are,too,many,_(,分心,),【,答案,】,distractions,10,Paul,is,not,old,enough.So,he,is,_,(,禁止,),from,driving.,【,答案,】,banned,.,短语运用,give away,，,refer to,，,become addicted to,，,belong to,，,die of,，,set a date for,，,think highly of,，,break the law,，,be likely to,，,so as to,11,They,haven,t,_,their,wedding.,【,答案,】,set,a,date,for,12,As,an,officer,，,he,has,never,_,secrets,to,anyone.,【,答案,】,given,away,13,The,world,_,the,29th,Olympics,held,in,China.,【,答案,】,thoug
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