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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,It的用法,It,s 10:08,It,s lovely,It,weighs only 3 kilos,It,s a large sum of money,2.2.,指时间,:It was nearly midnight when she came back.2.3.,指环境,:It was very quiet in the caf.2.4.,指距离：,It is half an hours walk to the city centre.,3.it,的其他用法,3.1.,表示谁在做某事的句子：,Who is it?-Its me.Her face lighted when she saw who it was.3.2.,用来泛泛的指某件事：,So you are going to be married this time,？,When is it,？,It doesnt matter./It is a shame,isnt it?,it,可用来指代前文提到的人,物或事情,也可以用来指时间,金钱,距离,天气等自然现象,基本用法,:,_ was a sunny day.Peter decided to go for a walk to the park,though _ was two miles away._ was so comfortable to walk on the street.,it,It,It,Suddenly _began to rain.He found _ hard to walk there.Then he took a bus home.Unfortunately _ went wrong.When he got home,he was wet through.Thus _ was a day that he would never forget.,it,it,it,it,Eg,:,It,was a sunny day.Peter decided,to go for a walk to the park,though,it,was two miles away.,Summary 2,It,can be used as impersonal,pronouns to talk about time,date,distance or weather and so on.,S+think +it +necessary +(for sb.)to,do,sth,.,The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(05,全国,),A.that B.it C.this D.him,Sentence patterns:,B,find,possible,feel,important,/clause,形式宾语,2.S+V +it +ones duty +,(for sb.)to do,sth,./clause,3.S +V+it +no good +doing,sth,.,no use,形式宾语,I think it his duty to clean the,blackboard.,Sentence patterns:,a rule,an,honour,find possible,S+think +it +necessary +(for sb.)to do,sth,./clause,feel important,Sentence patterns:,形式宾语,a rule,2.S+V +it +ones duty +(for sb.)to do,sth,./clause,an,honour,3.S +V+it +no good +doing,sth,.,no use,I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.,A.this B.that C.it D.one,点拨,:,这是,it,作形式宾语的一种特殊用法,.,少数动词,(,如,like,love,enjoy,dislike,hate,appreciate,等,),或包含介词的动词短语,(,如,see to,depend on,等,),后接宾语从句,必须先由,it,担任形式宾语,再接从句,.,I like(enjoy,hate)it when,I would appreciate it if,see to(depend on)it that,Sentence patterns:,C,形式宾语,It,is necessary to be prepared for a job interview.Having the answers ready will be of great help.,2.The Foreign Minister said,“,It,is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”,3.,It,is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.,形式主语,高考真题,It is clear,(obvious,，,true,，,possible,，,certain.),that.,该句型中,it,是形式主语，真正的主语是,that,引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。,It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.,=That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.,4.It is important,(necessary,，,strange,，,natural.),that.,该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，,that,后的从句中要用虚拟语气,.It is important that we(should)learn English well.,It is necessary that he(should)remember these words.,5.It is said,(reported,，,learned.),that.,It is said that he has come to Beijing.,It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.,6.It is suggested,(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded.),that.,该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，,that,后的从句要用虚拟语气（,should+,动词原形），,should,可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令）,It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.,It was ordered that we(should)arrive there in two hours.,7.It is a pity,(a shame.),that.,该句型中，,that,后的从句一般用虚拟语气（,should+,动词原形），,should,可省去表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。,It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.,It is a pity that he is ill.,他生病了，真遗憾！,8.It is time,(about time,，,high time),that.,该句型中,that,后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用,should+,动词原形，,should,不能省，常译为是（正是）的时侯,It is time that children should go to bed.,=It is time that children went to bed.,9.It is the first,(second.),time that,sb,has/have done,sth,It was the first time that,sb,had done,sth,It is the first time I have been here.=This is the first time I have been here.,10.It is.since.,。,该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题，主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，,since,引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。,It is(has been)5 years since his father died.,11.It is.when.,。,该句型中的,when,引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的,it,指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为当的时候，是,It was 5 oclock when he came here.,12.It be.before.,该句型主句中的,it,指时间，主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是,long,，,not long,，,3 days,，,2 weeks,等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为“之后”。,It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It will be not long before he finishes his job.,13.It happens,(seems,，,appears),that.,该句型中,it,是形式主语，,that,引导的是主语从句，主句中的,happen,，,seem,等词是不及物动词。,It happened(so happened)that he met his teacher in the street.,碰巧,.It seems that he will be back in a few days.,看来,14.It takes sb.to do,sth,.,It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.,15.It is no good,(use),doing,sth,.,该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是,no good,，,(not any good),，,no use,，,(not any use),。,It is no good learning English without speaking English.,16.It doesnt matter whether,(if),.,该句型中,whether(if,),引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。,It doesnt matter if they are old.,17.It is kind(of sb.)to do,sth,.,该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由,of,引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：,bad,，,brave,，,careless,，,clever,，,cruel,，,foolish,，,good,（好心的），,honest,，,horrible,，,kind,，,lazy,，,modest,，,naughty,，,nice,（有教养的），,polite,，,rude,，,silly,，,stupid,，,wise,，,wrong,（错误的）等。,这个句型可以改写为：,sb.is kind to do,sth,.,。,It is kind of you to say so.=You are kind to say so.,18.It is necessary(for sb.)to do,sth,.,该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由,for,引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：,important,，,necessary,，,natural easy,，,safe,，,common,，,normal,，,hard,，,difficult,，,dangerous,，,unusual,，,rare,，,impossible,，,pleasant,等。,=,在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：,It is important for her to come to the party.=It is important that she(should)come to the party.,possible,It is/was +adj.necessary+(for sb.)to do,sth,./clause,important,ones duty,It+is/was+n.ones hope +clause/(for sb.)to do,sth,.,an,honour,said,It is/was p.p.known +that-clause,believed,形式主语,It is the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are.,A.one B.that C.what D.it,It is/was+,被强调的部分,+that/who+,句子其他成分,强调句型,高考真题,.it,的重要句型,1.It is+,被强调部分,+that.,该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于,that,之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，,that,可以由,who,换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。,It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.It was they that(who)cleaned the classroom yesterday.It was in the street that I met her father.,2.It is not until+,被强调部分,+that.,该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是,not.until.,的强调形式。,It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.=I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.,It was _ back home after the experiment.,A.not until midnight did he go,B.until midnight that he didnt go,C.not until midnight that he went,D.until midnight when he didnt go,In which play is _ your brother appears?,A.that where B.this when C.it that D.it where,It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment.,A.where;that B.which;where,C.that;where D.which;that,强调句型,被强调的部分是,not until,引导的时间 状语,?,It is that,I dont know in which play it is that,The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.,A.they B.it C.one D.which,2.Weve been looking at houses but havent found _ we like yet.,A.one B.ones C.it D.them,3.Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.,A.ones B.one C.that D.those,易误辨析,:,it/one/that,B,A,C,the house that the Parkers bought,a house,the air,1.Its years _(since,before,after,that)I painted this beautiful picture.,2.It will be years _(since,before,after,that)I paint this beautiful picture.,3.It was years _(since,before,after,that,)I painted this beautiful picture.,4.Its for years _(since,before,after,that)I have painted this beautiful picture.,易误辨析,:,表示从,since,从句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一段时间，译为“自从,.,以来已多久了”,It is+,时间段,+since(,过去时,).,表示从过去某一时间到,before,从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为,“,多长时间后才,/,就做了,”,It+was+,时间段,+before(,过去时,),表示从现在起到,before,从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为,“,多长时间后才会,/,就会做,”,It+will be+,时间段,+before(,一般现在时,),_,_,_,_,Translate the following:,过了很久他才回来,.,2.,我们很久后才会见面的,.,3.,我离开这所学校已经很久了,.,It was long before he came back.,It will be long before we meet again.,It is long since I left this school.,It is+,时间段,+since(,过去时,).,It+will be+,时间段,+before(,一般现在时,),It+was+,时间段,+before(,过去时,),易误辨析,:,在一些固定用法中考查,常见的固定用法有,:,make it,成功，安排在或定在某时间,forget it,别提了，忘了它吧,Dont mention it,别提了，表示不用谢,It doesnt matter,没关系,It(That,)depends,视情况而定,You guessed it,你猜着了,Its hard to say,很难说,Its up to you to do,sth,.,由你来决定做某事,Do you want to live another 100 years or more?Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,”he said.“Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years.”However,many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about,it,.(04,全国,D),The underlined“,it”refers,to _,A.a great push,B.the idea of living beyond the present life span,C.the idea of living from 200 to 300 years,D.the conservative estimate,Reading comprehension,1.If I can help _,I dont like working late into the night.,A.so B.that C.it D.them,2.As the busiest woman in Norton,she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.,A.this B.that C.one D.it,3.Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.,A.that B.it C.this D.you,4._ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.,A.As B.That C.This D.It,5.I just wonder _ that makes him so excited.,A.why it does B.what he does,C.what is it D.what it is,6.Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting,addressed _ to _ and then posted it at the nearby post office.,A.it;her B.it;herself,C.herself;her D.herself;herself,7.Its already 10 oclock I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.,A.came over B.came out,C.came about D.came up,“,It”,试题解析,1.The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.,A.they B.it,C.one D.which,“,It”,试题解析,2.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but _ didnt help.,A.he B.which,C.she D.it,“,It”,试题解析,3.The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than we could expect.,A.what B.which,C.that D.it,4.Do you have enough glasses for each guest to have _?,A.it B.them,C.that D.one,“,It”,试题解析,5.Why dont we take a little break?,Didnt we just have _?,A.it B.that,C.one D.this,“,It”,试题解析,6.-He was nearly drowned once.,-When was _?,-_ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.,A.that;It B.this;This,C.this;It D.that;this,7.It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.,A.while B.which,C.that D.since,“,It”,试题解析,C,8.Could it be in the restaurant in_ you had dinner with me yesterday_ you left behind your keys and wallet?,A.that,which B.which,that C.where,that D.that,where,“,It”,试题解析,B,It could be in the restaurant in_ you had dinner with me yesterday_ you left behind your keys and wallet.,高考试题解析,the restaurant(in_ you had,dinner with me yesterday),which,in the restaurant,that,The,Usage,of,“it”,基本用法,常见用法,特殊用法,三个考点,三个句型,三个句型,三个替代词,三个,it,后接时间段的句型,易误辨析,强调句型,形式主语,形式宾语,Summary,1.(2005,全国,)The doctor advised,Vesa,strongly that she should take a holiday,but _ didnt help.,A.it,B.she C.which D.he,正确答案：,A,。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。,it,代替整个句子。,2.(2004,全国,)-Do you,like_here,?,-Oh,yes.The air,the weather,the way of life.Everything is nice.,A.this B.these C.that D.It,正确答案：,D,。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，,it,用于不确定指代或模糊指代。,3.(2000,上海,)Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see_.,A.who is he B.who he is,C.who is it D.who it is,正确答案：,D,。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。,4.,(2007,全国,)Have you heard the latest news?,No,what _?,A.is it B.is there C.are they D.are those,正确答案：,A,。,it,指代上文提及的,latest news,。,5.(2006,全国,)If I can help _,I dont like working late into the night.,A.so B.that C.it D.them,正确答案：,C,。,help,是“阻止、避免”的意思，,it,指代下文的事情。,6.(2002,北京,)-He was nearly drowned once.,-When was _?,-_ was in 1998 when he was in Middle School.,A.that,It B.this,This C.this,It D.that,This,正确答案：,A,。,it,指时间。,7.(2005,，浙江,)Weve been looking at the houses but havent found,_,we like yet.,A.one B.ones C.it,D.them,正确答案：,A,。表示任意一幢房子。,8.,（,2005,，江苏）,Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.,A.ones B.one C.that D.those,正确答案：,C,。,分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代,the air,，,且有,in the city,后置定语修饰。,9.(2004,北京,)The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.,A,、,This is B,、,There is C,、,That is D,、,It is,正确答案：,D,由句意易知：,that,从句是真正的主语,;,it,为形式主语。,10.,(2005,上海,)_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.,A.What is required B.What requires C.It is required D.It requires,正确答案：,C,。,it,为形式主语，在此结构中,done,为,required/suggested/demanded/recommended,等时，从句必须用,should+,动词原形，且,should,可以省略。,11.(2004,上海春,)It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test,and as a result,he got punished.,A.stick to B.refer to C.keep to D.point to,正确答案：,B,。,短语辨析题，,refer to,有“参考”的意思，符合句意。,12.(2006,全国,)It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.,A.use B.help C.time D.way,分析：正确答案：,A,。为固定结构。,13.(2007,天津,)He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.,A.this B.that C.it D.these,正确答案：,C,。,it,为形式宾语，,clear,后的从句为真正的宾语。,14.(2006,湖南,)As the busiest woman in Norton,she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.,A.this B.that C.one D.it,正确答案：,D,。真正宾语为不定式。,15.(2005,江苏,)Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?,I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.,will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that,C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what,正确答案：,B,。,表示“理应如此”需用,should,动词原形，,should,可以省略。在做,it,形式宾语和形式主语的复合句中如果从句表示的是“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，需用,should,动词原形，,should,可以省略。,16,、,(2004,全国,)I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.,A,、,this B,、,that C,、,it D,、,one,正确答案：,C,。,love/enjoy/hate,和,like,的用法相同，后接宾语从句时需用,it,作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。,17,、,(2003,上海,)I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.,A,、,until,B,、,if,C,、,when,D,、,that,正确答案：,B,。,18.,(1998,，上海,)Dont _ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.,A.take as granted B.take this for granted,C.take that for granted D.take it for granted,正确答案：,D,。,take it for granted that,意为：想当然的认为某事。,it,为形式宾语，真正的宾语为,that,从句。另外我们也应该注意：,depend(rely,)on it,（相信某事）和,see to it,（负责某事）的用法。,19.(2008,全国,)It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.,A.that B.how C.which D.when,正确答案：,A,。将,it was,去掉句子结构完整，易知是考查,it,的强调句型。,20.,(2004,福建,)It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.,A.because B.which C.since D.that,正确答案：,D,。,21.(1997,全国,)Was it _ that I saw last night at the concert?,A.you B.not you C.yourself D.that yourself,正确答案：,A,。,强调句型的一般疑问式的基本结构为：,Is/Was it+,被强调部分,+that,将该句恢复为陈述语序，去掉,It is/wasthat,结构，易
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