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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题,1.Natural clones and man,made clones(,自然克隆和人造克隆,),2,The history of cloning(,克隆的历史,),3,Controversy about cloning(,有关克隆的辩论,),功能,1.Praise and encouragement(,表扬与鼓励,),2.Acceptance and refusal(,接受与拒绝,),语法,Revise the Appositive(,复习同位语,),重点,单词,differ,，,twin,，,straightforward,，,undertake,，,breakthrough,，,cast,，,arbitrary,，,object,，,objection,，,forbid,，,accumulate,，,owe,，,retire,，,bother,，,strike,，,drawback,，,vain,，,feather,，,resist,，,adore,，,obtain,，,attain,重点,短语,cast down,，,object to,，,in favour of,，,(be)bound to(do),，,owe.to.,，,pay off,，,strike.into ones heart,，,from time to time,，,bring back to life,，,in vain,，,in good/poor condition,重点,句型,1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.,2,Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasnt been proved yet.,3,The popularity of films such as,Jurassic,Park,in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs,proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.,4,The great drawback to cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so might die of the same illness.,5,You might find this hard at first but it pays off when you come to speak.,1,undertake(undertook,，,undertaken)vt.,着手；从事；承担,归纳拓展,(1)undertake sth.,承担，接受,(,责任、艰苦的工作等,),undertake to do sth.,同意、答应或着手做某事,undertake thatclause,保证,(2)undertaking,n,任务；事业；企业,She undertook responsibility for the changes.,她承担了作出这些改变的责任。,He undertook to pay the money back within six months.,He undertook that he would pay the money back within six months.,他保证六个月之内还钱。,【,链接训练,】,The new laboratories will be constructed this year,，,and local firms have been asked to _ the work.,A,assign,B,manufacture,C,provide,D,undertake,【,解析,】,考查动词辨析。,assign,“,指派，指定,”,；,manufacture,“,生产,”,；,provide,“,提供,”,；,undertake,“,从事；承担,”,。句意为：新的图书馆将在今年建造，当地的公司被要求承担这项工作。,【,答案,】,D,2,forbid vt.,禁止；不许,(forbade/forbad,，,forbidden),归纳拓展,(1)forbid doing sth.,禁止做某事,forbid sth.,禁止某事；妨碍某事,forbid sb.sth.,禁止某人某事,forbid sb.to do sth.,禁止某人做某事,forbid sb.from doing sth.,禁止某人干某事,forbid that.,禁止,(,从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词常用,should,动词原形，,should,可省略,),(2)forbidden,adj,.,禁止的；不准的,Forbidden City,紫禁城,The new law forbids smoking in offices.,新法律禁止在办公室吸烟。,Their father forbade them to go there.,他们的父亲不准他们去那里。,I forbid that you(should)enter the room.,我禁止你进入那个房间。,He forbade them from mentioning the subject again.,他不准他们再提到这个话题。,【,链接训练,】,There is a board by the road,，,which _,“,Parking _,！,”,A,writes,；,forbidding B,reading,；,forbidding,C,says,；,forbidden D,saying,；,forbidden,【,解析,】,第一个空意为,“,牌子上写着,”,，可用,says,或,reads,，因为是从句的谓语动词，所以不可用,reading,或,saying,。第二个空是,forbid parking,的转化形式，因为两者之间是动宾关系，所以应是,Parking forbidden,No parking,意为,“,禁止停车,”,。,【,答案,】,C,3,object vi.,反对，不赞成,归纳拓展,注意：,object,常与介词,to,连用，构成短语,object to,。,object to(sb.,/sth.),反对,(,某人,/,某事,),object to doing sth.,反对干某事,object to sb.doing sth.,反对某人干某事,object that.,反对,I objected that he was too young for the position.,我提出反对意见他太年轻不适合这个职位。,If nobody objects,，,well postpone the meeting till next week.,如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。,We object to being treated like this.,我们抗议受到如此待遇。,归纳拓展,(1)objection,n,反对，不赞成,have no objection to sb.doing sth.,不反对某人干某事；对某人干某事无异议,have,/take/,make an objection to(doing)sth.,对,表示反对,raise an objection to sth.,对,提出异议,(2)object,还可用作名词，意为,“,物体，物品；目的；目标,”,。,accomplish,/gain/,obtain ones object,达到目的,common household objects,普通家庭用品,I feel a strong objection to getting up early.,我极不愿意早起。,The object is to educate people about road safety.,目的就是教育人们注意交通安全。,同类辨析,object,与,oppose,这两个动词均含有,“,反对,”,之意，但用法有所区别。,(1)object,常指口头上,“,反对,”,、,“,不赞成,”,、,“,不同意,”,某人或某事。着重,“,个人厌恶,”,和,“,(,由于与个人有关而,),提出反对意见,”,。为不及物动词，接宾语时后需加介词,to,。,(2)oppose,为常用词，指,“,对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对,”,，着重动作，尤指,“,反对一种观念、思想、计划,”,等。为及物动词，接宾语后不需加介词,to,。,He objected to the adoption of children from abroad.,他反对从国外领养孩子。,Tony does not oppose this scheme at all.,托尼一点也不反对这项计划。,【,链接训练,】,We _ to punishing a whole group for one persons fault.,A,complain,B,object,C,oppose,D,resist,【,解析,】,complain,意为,“,抱怨,”,；,oppose,意为,“,反对,”,，后直接跟名词或动名词，不接不定式；,resist,意为,“,抗拒，反抗,”,，后不接,to,；,object to,意为,“,反对,”,，其中,to,是介词后跟名词或动名词作宾语。,【,答案,】,B,He stood up angrily and _ in strong language when they stated their view.,A,objected,B,announced,C,declared,D,said,【,解析,】,句子的关键词是,angrily,，所以,said,，,announced,，,declared,均不适合，,objected,有,“,反对,”,之意。,【,答案,】,A,4,owe vt.,欠,(,账、钱、人情等,),；应该把,归功于,归纳拓展,(1)owe sb.sth./owe sth.to sb.,欠某人某物,owe sb.an apology,该向某人道歉,owe sb.for sth.,因,而欠某人,(2)owe sth.to sb.,/sth.,把某事归功于某人,/,某事,(3)owing,adj,.,欠的；未付的,owing to.,由于,/,因为,She still owes her father$3,000.,She still owes$3,000 to her father.,她还欠她父亲,3 000,美元。,We still owe the garage for those repairs.,我们还没有付给汽车修理厂那笔修理费呢。,He owes his success to hard work.,他的成功是靠勤奋工作。,Owing to the rain,，,the match was cancelled.,比赛因雨取消了。,【,链接训练,】,Garter Druse_his being selected for the important task to his courage,，,devotion and knowledge.,A,led B,owed,C,devoted D,contributed,【,解析,】,由句意,“,Garter Druse,把这次当选归功于他的勇气、奉献及知识,”,可知答案为,B,项。,owe sth.to sth.,意为,“,把某事归功于某事,”,；其他选项与题意不符。,【,答案,】,B,胡锦涛主席把北京奥运会的成功归功于全中国人民。,(,翻译句子,),_,【,答案,】,Chairman Hu Jintao owed the success of Beijing Olympic Games to all Chinese people.,5,bother vt.,打扰，麻烦；使不安,vi.,操心，花费时间、精力,(,做某事,)n,U,烦扰，麻烦；,C,令人烦恼的事或人,归纳拓展,(1)bother sb.with/about sth.,拿某事打扰或烦扰某人,bother to do/doing sth.,操心做某事,bother with,/about sth.,操心,/,花费时间或精力做某事,It bothers sb.that/to do sth.,让某人感到不安的事是,；使某人苦恼的是,(2)have no,/much/,little bother(in)doing sth.,做,不费力,/,很费力,/,几乎不费力,It bothers me that he hasnt been telling me the truth.,他一直没有对我讲真话，这让我很苦恼。,I dont want to bother her with my problems at the moment.,我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。,Sorry to bother you,，,but theres a call for you on line two.,很抱歉打扰一下，二号线有你的电话。,I had no bother(in)finding your house.,我很容易就找到了你家。,同类辨析,bother,，,disturb,，,trouble,与,annoy,这组词都表示,“,使人不得安宁,”,或,“,心烦意乱,”,。,(1)bother,指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有使人讨厌的意味。,(2)disturb,指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比,bother,弱。,(3)trouble,常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。,(4)annoy,通常指重复性的行为使,(,别人,),生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。,【,链接训练,】,Dont _ your father about it now,；,he is very tired.,A,care B,bother,C,set D,get,【,解析,】,考查动词,bother,的用法。,bother sb.about sth.,“,拿某事来烦扰某人,”,。句意为：现在不要拿它来烦扰你的父亲，他非常疲惫。,【,答案,】,B,6,resist vt.,抵抗；抵制；反抗；忍耐,(,多与,cannot,，,couldnt,连用,),归纳拓展,(1)resist sb.,/sth.,抵制、阻挡某人,/,某物,resist doing sth.,反对,/,抵制做某事,cant/couldnt resist doing sth.,忍不住做某事,be hard/impossible to resist,难以拒绝,(2)resistance,n,.,抗拒；反抗；抵抗力,resistant,adj,.,抵抗的，有抵抗力的；耐,的,be resistant to sth.,对,有抵抗力,Theyre determined to resist pressure to change the law.,他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。,The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.,银行强烈反对降低利率。,I couldnt resist having a look at her diary.,我忍不住看了一眼她的日记。,There has been a lot of resistance to this new law.,这项新的法规已经遇到很多的抵制。,Elderly people are not always resistant to change.,上了年纪的人并不总是抵制变革。,诱导展望,resist,后跟名词、代词或动名词，不能跟,to do,形式。像这样的词还有,enjoy,，,avoid,，,mind,，,risk,，,escape,，,suggest,等。,【,链接训练,】,This special coating is designed to _ rust.,A,assist B,persist,C,resist D,tolerate,【,解析,】,考查动词辨析。句意为：制造这一特别的涂层是为了防锈。,assist,意为,“,帮助,”,；,persist,意为,“,坚持,”,；,tolerate,意为,“,忍受,”,，均不合题意。,【,答案,】,C,The genes of the cloned animals are so arranged that they cant _ such a disease,，,so they soon died.,A,keep B,resist C,exist D,stop,【,解析,】,考查动词辨析。,keep,“,保持,”,；,resist,“,抵制，抵抗,”,；,exist,“,存在,(,不及物动词,),”,；,stop,“,阻止,”,。本句意思不是,“,阻止疾病,”,，而是表示对疾病没有抵抗能力，故选,B,项。,【,答案,】,B,1,pay off,得到好结果；取得成功；偿清；还清,归纳拓展,pay sth.off,全部偿还；偿清,(,债务,),pay sb.off,付清某人工资并解雇,pay for.,为,交款，为,付出代价,pay sb.for sth.,pay sth.to sb.for sth.,付钱给某人作为,的费用,pay back,偿还；还债；报复,pay up,付清全部欠款,His efforts paid off when the girl accepted his proposal.,他的努力没有白费，女孩接受了他的求婚。,Our plan certainly paid off,；,it was a great idea.,我们的计划当然成功了，那是个好主意。,We paid off our mortgage after twenty years.,我们历经,20,年还清了抵押借款。,Ill pay him back for making me look like a fool in front of everyone.,他让我当众出丑，我非报复他不可。,【,链接训练,】,Her design won the first prize in the competition.Years of patience and hard work had at last _.,A,put off B,paid off,C,taken off D,kept off,【,解析,】,考查动词短语的辨析。从句子的意思分析得知，此处用,pay off,，表示,“,几年的忍耐和困苦终于得到了回报,”,。,put off,“,延期，推迟,”,；,take off,“,脱下,(,衣帽,),等；飞机起飞,”,；,keep off,“,远离,”,，均与题意不符。,【,答案,】,B,2,cast down,使沮丧,归纳拓展,cast an eye,/ones eyes over sb./,sth.,很快地看某人或某事物,cast ones mind back to sth.,回顾，回想,cast sth./sb.aside,抛弃,be cast away(,船遇难后幸存者,),漂流某处,cast light on,/upon,throw light on/,upon,弄清楚,Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness was more appropriate to a much older animal.,克隆科学家沮丧地发现多莉的病更容易发生在年老的动物身上。,He felt cast down when he discovered the fate of the breakthrough clone.,发现突破性克隆动物的命运使他很沮丧。,His research findings could cast new light on the origins of the universe.,他的研究成果可能会使人们对宇宙的起源有新的认识。,【,链接训练,】,_ by the _ news that he had developed cancer,，,he didnt know what to do.,A,Cast down,；,alarming B,Casting down,；,alarmed,C,Cast down,；,alarmed D,Casting down,；,alarming,【,解析,】,句意为：他患上癌症的令人忧虑的消息使他很沮丧，他不知所措。,cast down,是及物动词短语，意为,“,使沮丧；推倒,”,，常使用其被动形式。,alarming,是形容词，意思是,“,使人惊慌的；忧虑的,”,，在此作定语，修饰,news,。,【,答案,】,A,3,(be)bound to(do),一定,(,做,),；有责任或义务做某事,归纳拓展,(1)bound,v,跳跃；限制,n,跳；跳跃；界限，范围,adj,.,必然的，一定的；准备到,去的,(2)be bound(for.),准备,(,去,),be bound up in,热衷于，忙于,be bound up with,与,有密切关系,Ill be bound.,我确信,You have done so much work that you are bound to pass the exam.,你下了这么大功夫，你一定会通过考试的。,I feel bound to tell you that youre drinking too much!,我觉得有必要跟你说，你酒喝得太多了！,The plane is bound for New York.,这架飞机是飞往纽约的。,Hes too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.,他工作太忙，没有时间多陪孩子们。,【,链接训练,】,The marriage on the basis of money _ break up.,A,is determined to,B,is going to,C,is bound to,D,is hoping to,【,解析,】,句意为：建立在金钱基础上的婚姻注定会解体。,be bound to.,“,注定会,”,；,be determined to do,“,决心干,”,；,be going to,“,将要,”,，只有,C,项符合题意。,【,答案,】,C,4,bring back to life,使复生，使复活,归纳拓展,bring sb./sth.to life,使更有趣、更生动，给,以活力,come to(life),变得活跃，苏醒过来，开始有生气,bring sb.,/sth.back,给某人带回某物；使回忆起；交回某人,/,某物,come to oneself(,不及物动词短语,),苏醒过来,Can dinosaurs possibly be brought back to life through cloning,？通过克隆，恐龙有可能复生吗？,The girl was brought back to life by the doctors and nurses.,医生和护士使这个女孩活过来了。,Nobody wants to bring back the days of child labour.,没有人希望回到雇用童工的日子。,Pour some water on his face,hell soon come to himself.,往他脸上泼些水，他很快就会苏醒过来。,【,链接训练,】,It is reported that the Israeli scientists have _ a seed of more than 2,000 years back to life recently.,A,sent B,brought,C,given D,come,【,解析,】,句意为：据报道，以色列科学家最近使一粒,2 000,多年的种子发芽了。,bring.back to life,“,使,复苏,”,；,come back to life,“,复活,”,，为不及物动词词组；,send back(,送回,),，,give back(,归还某物,),都不与,to life,连用。,【,答案,】,B,5,You might find this hard at first but it pays off when you come to speak.,你可能在开始时觉得困难，但当你说起来了，你会觉得很有效果。,(1)find,宾语宾补,(,adj,.,/,n,./,ad,v,.,/,v,.,ing/,p,.,p,./,prep,.,短语,),When he woke up,，,he found himself in hospital.,当他醒来时发现自己在医院里。,When he returned to his hometown,，,he found the situation unchanged.,当他回到家乡时，发现形势仍然未改变。,I suddenly found myself running down the street.,我不知不觉突然在街上跑了起来。,(2),这一结构中，如果,find,的宾语为动词不定式或从句的形式，则需用,it,作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾补后边。,I find it amazing that theyre still together.,他们还在一起，这使我大吃一惊。,诱导展望,find,，,leave,，,make,，,keep,等词后跟复合结构常出现在各类题目中，每年高考题均有涉及，考生应该引起足够的重视。,【,链接训练,】,We often meet with some groups of words even some English native speakers find _.,A,confuse B,confusing,C,to confuse D,confused,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词与句子结构的整体把握能力。句意为：我们经常碰到一些甚至连母语为英语的人都认为让人困惑的词组。形容词,confusing,作宾语补足语，说明,some groups of words,的性质。,【,答案,】,B,1,同位语的定义,同位语是句子成分的一种。它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。,2,同位语的表现形式,(1),用名词、代词或数词作同位语,My aunt Lena is staying with me.,我的姨妈丽娜和我住在一起。,We completed the project in six months,，,half the usual time.,我们用六个月的时间完成了这项工程，这只是平常时间的一半。,Is there room for us two,？有我们两个人的位置吗？,(2),用形容词或词组作同位语,People,，,old and young,，,came out to greet the distinguished visitors.,老老少少都出来迎接贵宾。,It has several waiting rooms,，,all airy and filled with chairs and sofas.,它有几间候车室，通风很好，摆满了椅子和长沙发。,(3),由,such as,，,that is,引导,Some subjects,，,such as maths and physics,，,are very difficult to learn.,某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的。,(4),由,of,或,or,引导,This is Mr Zhou,，,director of our hospital.,这是我们医院院长周先生。,It is zoology,，,or the study of animals.,这是动物学，即对动物的研究。,3,同位语从句,在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。,(1),同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词,that,引导，常常跟在,fact,，,idea,，,opinion,，,promise,，,thought,，,news,，,hope,，,report,，,doubt,，,reply,等词之后。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。,There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job.,毫无疑问，他是胜任这份工作的。,(2),引导同位语从句的词通常有连词,that(,没有词义，不作成分，不能省略,),，,whether,；连接副词,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,等。,I have no idea when Chaplins film will be on again.,我不知道卓别林的电影何时能再次放映。,注意：,if,不能引导同位语从句。,He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.,他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。,(3),有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在要说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。,The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.,他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。,Word came that the president would come to inspect our city.,有消息说总统要来视察我们的城市。,(4),一些表示,“,建议、命令、要求,”,的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气,“,should,动词原形,”,表示，,should,可省略。,This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.,这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。,(5),同位语从句与,that,引导的定语从句的区别：,从先行词来看,同位语从句与名词在本质上是同一的，是形式与内容的关系，该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。而定语从句无上述逻辑关系，与其前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系。,The news that I have passed the exam is true.,我通过了考试这一消息是真的。,(,同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容,),The news that he told me just now is true.,他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。,(,定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即,“,他告诉我的,”,那个消息，而不是别的消息,),从引导词来看,引导词,that,在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分，,that,不可省略；,that,在定语从句中是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，有具体词义，作宾语时还可以省略。,The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.,计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。,(that,在从句中不充当任何成分,),The idea that he told me is interesting.,他告诉我的想法很有趣。,(that,引导定语从句且在定语从句中作宾语,),【,链接训练,】,The news worried us _ a Chinese merchant ship was kidnapped by the Somali pirates.,A,what B,which,C,that D.though,【,解析,】,考查同位语从句的引导词。,that,引导同位语从句，具体说明,the news,的内容。句意为：中国的一艘商船被索马里海盗绑架的消息使我们感到担忧。,【,答案,】,C,A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.,A,if B,when,C,that D,which,【,解析,】,that,引导同位语从句，具体说明,thought,的内容。,that,只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何成分。,【,答案,】,C,Doris success lies in the fact _ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others.,A,which B,that,C,when D,why,【,解析,】,考查同位语从句的引导词。后面的从句具体解释说明,fact,的内容。,【,答案,】,B,Is this the reason _ at the court for his careless driving in the street?,A,he explained B,what he explained,C,how he explained D,why he explained,【,解析,】,考查同位语从句与定语从句的区别。,he explained,是定语从句省去了关系代词,that/which,。,【,答案,】,A,
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