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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题,1.First aid(,急救,),2.Safety in the home(,家中安全,),3.Medicine(,医学,),4.Medication(,药物,),功能,Giving instructions(,指示,),语法,Ellipsis(,省略,),重点,单词,aid,，,temporary,，,injury,，,bleed,，,choke,，,barrier,，,poison,，,ray,，,complex,，,variety,，,liquid,，,radiation,，,mild,，,mildly,，,swell,，,swollen,，,unbearable,，,squeeze,，,vital,，,symptom,，,pour,，,damp,，,tight,，,tightly,，,firm,，,firmly,，,ceremony,，,bravery,，,treat,，,apply,，,pressure,，,ambulance,重点,短语,first aid,，,fall ill,，,electric shock,，,squeeze out,，,over and over again,，,in place,，,a number of,，,put ones hands on,，,make a difference,重点,句型,1.If possible,，,discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations.,2,So as you can imagine,，,if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.,3,John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.,4,It was Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slades life.,1,aid vt.&n.,帮助；援助；资助,归纳拓展,(1)aid sb.in(doing)sth.,在某方面帮助某人,aid sb.to do sth.,帮助某人做某事,aid sb.with sth.,以某事物帮助某人,(2)in aid of,用以援助,by/with the aid of.,在,的帮助下,go,/come to ones aid,去,/,来帮某人,do,/give/,offer,/perform/,carry out first aid,进行急救,They encouraged and aided him in his scientific studies.,他们在他的科研中鼓励他，帮助他。,We are collecting money in aid of the people who have lost their homes in the earthquake.,我们正集资以帮助那些在地震中失去家园的人。,One of the station staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid.,一位车站工作人员见他有困难，便过来帮忙。,同类辨析,aid,，,assist,与,help,(1)aid,指受助者处境困难或危险，急需,“,援助,”,或,“,救助,”,，,aid,主要用于,aid sb.(in doing sth./with sth.),结构中。,(2)assist,着重指,“,协作,”,，受协助者同时在做这样的事，常用于,assist(sb.)in/with sth.,或,assist(sb.)in doing sth.,。,同类辨析,(3)help,含义较广，帮助可大可小，但强调受助者对帮助的需要，可用作及物或不及物动词，作及物动词时，常用于,help sb.with sth.,或,help sb.(to)do sth.,中。,【,链接训练,】,We were _ in our investigation(,调查,)by the cooperation of the police.,A,stopped,B,aided,C,aimed,D,cooperated,【,解析,】,句意为：我们在警察的配合和帮助下进行调查。,stop,“,阻止，停止,”,；,aim,“,瞄准,”,，均不合题意。,cooperate,“,合作,”,，无被动语态，且与后面的,cooperation,意思重复。,aid sb.in(doing)sth.,“,在某方面帮助某人,”,，此处考查其被动语态形式。,【,答案,】,B,2,pour vt.&vi.,倒；灌；注；涌,归纳拓展,pour sth.into,/out,把,倒入,/,倒出,pour sb.sth.,pour sth.for sb.,给,(,某人,),倒,pour out of.,从,涌出来,pour out,涌出，倾吐,Kim poured wine into the glasses.,金把酒倒入玻璃杯。,Why dont you pour yourself another drink?,你为什么不给自己再倒一杯酒呢？,Liam poured out his feelings of loneliness to Laura.,利亚姆向劳拉倾诉了自己孤独的感觉。,【,链接训练,】,Once I had_petrol into a can,，,I took him back to his car where his children were crying.,A,supplied B,poured,C,filled D,equipped,【,解析,】,句意为：我把汽油倒进油桶后，就送他回到他的车那里。他的孩子们正在车上哭。,supply,“,供应，提供,”,：,supply sth.to sb.,supply sb.with sth.,“,把,供给,(,某人,),”,；,pour,“,倒，灌,”,，,pour.into.,“,把,倒进,”,；,fill,“,充满,”,，,fill.with.,“,用,装满,”,；,equip,“,装备,”,，,equip.with.,“,用,装备,”,。,【,答案,】,B,3,treat vt.&vi.,治疗；对待；款待,n,款待；招待,归纳拓展,(1)treat sb.well,/badly,善待,/,虐待某人,treat.as/like.,当作,来对待,treat sb.for.,医治某人,treat sb.to,请某人,，款待某人,(2)My treat.,我请客。,(3)treatment,n,对待，治疗,under treatment,在接受治疗,The homeless child was well treated by him.,那个无家可归的小孩受到了他的善待。,They treated the orphan as one of the family.,他们把孤儿当作家里的一员看待。,This was the first time I had been treated with such respect.,我是第一次受到这样的礼遇。,She treated me to delicious food.,她用可口的食物款待了我。,Lets go out for dinner.My treat this time.,我们出去吃饭吧！这次我请客。,【,链接训练,】,If you think that_a woman well means always getting her permission for things,，,think again.,A,treating,B,to treat,C,treats,D,treatment,【,解析,】,在,if,从句中，宾语从句的结构为主系表结构，表语为,v,.,ing,形式，为使句式平衡，主语也应使用,v,.,ing,形式，所以,B,不合适。,treats,为谓语动词形式，不能作主语；,treatment,为名词，其后应有介词,of,或,to,。,【,答案,】,A,4,apply vt.,涂；敷；应用；运用,vi.,申请；请求；使用；有效,归纳拓展,(1)apply to sb.for sth.,向某人申请某物,apply to sb.,/sth.,适用于某人,/,某物,apply sth.to sth.,把某物应用于某事,/,物,apply oneself to,致力于，集中精力做某事,apply ones mind to,专心于,(2)application,n,应用，申请,make an application for,申请,an application form,申请表,归纳拓展,(3)applicant,n,申请者,applied,adj,.,应用的，实用的,applied science,应用科学,Many job hunters have written letters applying for the important post.,已经有很多的求职者写信申请这个重要的职位。,The theory does not apply to every case.,这一理论并不适用于所有的情况。,He applied himself to studying English.,他集中精力学习英语。,The manager received ten applications for the position.,经理收到十位求职者的申请书。,【,链接训练,】,To travel to the United States,，,you must first apply_the American Embassy_your visa.,A,for,；,to B,to,；,for,C,for,；,for D,to,；,to,【,解析,】,句意为：到美国去旅行，你首先必须向美国大使馆申请签证。,apply to sb.for sth.,“,向某人申请某物,”,。,【,答案,】,B,If you_yourself to the textbook,，,youll find the question is no more difficult.,A,apply B,absorb,C,engage D,appeal,【,解析,】,句意为：假如你好好看课本，你就会发现这个问题并不难。,apply oneself to,“,专心于,”,；,be absorbed in,“,专心于，全神贯注于,”,；,engage oneself in.,“,忙于,”,；,appeal to,“,对,有吸引力，呼吁,”,。,【,答案,】,A,1,squeeze out,榨出；挤出,归纳拓展,squeeze sth.into sth.,将某物挤成某形状,squeeze sth.from,/out of sth./,sb.,从,榨取,；向某人勒索,/,敲诈某物,squeeze ones way,推开别人通过；勉强通过，挤过,squeeze into/through.,挤进,Five of us squeezed into the back seat of the car.,我们中有,5,个人挤进了汽车的后座。,She felt as if every drop of emotion had been squeezed out of her.,她感到自己的感情被榨得一滴不剩了。,See if you can squeeze more information out of them.,看看你能否逼他们说出更多的东西。,He squeezed his way onto a crowded bus.,他挤上拥挤的公共汽车。,【,链接训练,】,The opening between the rocks was very narrow,，,but the boys managed to _ through.,A,press B,squeeze,C,stretch D,leap,【,解析,】,句意为：岩石之间的缝隙很窄，但男孩们还是成功地挤了过去。,press,“,压，按，挤,”,，一般指一物向另一物施加压力，不合题意；,stretch,“,伸展,”,；,leap,“,跳,”,，也不合题意。只有,squeeze,符合题意，它除了表示,“,压榨，挤,”,之外，还可表示,“,进入、通过狭小的空间,”,。,【,答案,】,B,归纳拓展,(1)place,作名词时，其含义为,“,场所；地方；位置；席位,”,，在,in place,这个短语中多是用作比喻。其反义短语为,out of place,。这两个短语多放在,be,之后作表语。,类似短语：,be in,/out of order,有条理,/,无条理；坏了,be in,/out of control,正常,/,失控,be in,/out of danger,有危险,/,脱离危险,(2)in the first place,首先，第一,give place to.,让位于，为,取代,make place for.,为,让出地方，让位于,Youd better put things back in place.Otherwise,，,it will be difficult to find them.,你最好把你的东西各归各位，不然很难找到。,Rose,，,your dress is out of place at school.,罗斯，你的衣服在学校里穿不合适。,Well,，,in the first place he has all the right qualifications.,噢，首先，他符合一切条件。,【,链接训练,】,Dont throw anything away.Father likes everything to be _.,A,in place B,in the place,C,out of place D,out of the place,【,解析,】,in place,“,在正确位置，井井有条,”,，符合题意。,out of place,“,无条理,”,，不合句意。句意为：不要乱扔任何东西，父亲喜欢一切东西都摆放地井井有条。,【,答案,】,A,3,make a difference(to sb.,/sth.)(,对某人,/,某事物,),有作用或影响；,(,对某人,/,某事物,),重要、要紧,归纳拓展,make no,/little difference(to sb./,sth.)(,对某人,/,某事物,),没有,/,几乎没有作用或影响；,(,对某人,/,某事物,),不重要、不要紧,make some difference(to sb.,/sth.)(,对某人,/,某事物,),有些作用或影响,make much difference to,对,有很大影响,(,作用,),make a difference between,区别对待，不同对待,I dont think what he said will make any difference.,我认为他说的话不会起什么作用。,It makes no difference whether you will come or not.,你来不来没什么区别。,It makes much difference to us whether you can finish it on time.,你是否能按时完成它对我们有很大的影响。,【,链接训练,】,Only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly _.,A,make difference B,make clear,C,make a difference D,make sense,【,解析,】,make a difference,“,有作用，重要,”,，符合题意。,【,答案,】,C,4,So as you can imagine,，,if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.,因此你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。,“,get,过去分词,”,表示的被动语态一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指,“,意想不到的，突然发生或谈论自身做的动作,”,等意义。,归纳拓展,get hurt,受伤,get burnt/burned,被烧伤，被烫伤,get separated,被分散,get killed,/paid,被杀死,/,拿工资,get dressed,/washed,穿衣,/,洗脸,get lost,/married,迷路,/,结婚,get drunk,喝醉,注意：,get,过去分词构成的被动语态句，后不用,by,短语表明执行者；而,be,过去分词构成的被动语态句，后通常用,by,短语表明执行者，有时也可以不用或省略。,He got injured in the accident.,他在这次事故中受了伤。,I got caught for speeding.,我因超速而被抓住。,Some glasses got broken when we were moving.,我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。,【,链接训练,】,The man got _ in the mire(,泥潭,)and started falling.,A,stuck B,sticking,C,stick D,to stick,【,解析,】,get stuck,表示,“,陷入,”,，考查,“,get,过去分词,”,结构。,【,答案,】,A,The guests got_and enjoyed the meals.,A,sitting B,seating,C,seated D,sat,【,解析,】,句意为：客人们入座享用美食。,get seated,“,就座,”,。,【,答案,】,C,5,John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.,约翰正在房间里做功课，突然听到尖叫声。,归纳拓展,when,在此句中意为,“,这时，突然,”,，通常用于以下结构：,.be doing.when.,正在做,这时,.be about to do.when.,正打算做,这时,归纳拓展,be just going to do.when.,正要,这时,had just done.when.,刚做了,这时,be on the point of doing.when.,正要,这时,We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.,我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。,We had just finished the operation when the machine had a breakdown.,我们刚完成那个手术机器就坏了。,The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the ladys handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.,小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。,He was just about to say something when Helen turned around.,他正想要说些什么，海伦突然转过身。,【,链接训练,】,I had been working a couple of months _ I had a letter from Ceiwen.,A,when B,as,C,while D,after,【,解析,】,句意为：我刚工作了几个月，这时突然收到,Ceiwen,的来信。只有连词,when,符合题意，,.be doing.when,“,正在做,这时,”,。,【,答案,】,A,省略,为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。,在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：,一、简单句的省略,1,省略共同的主语或宾语。,Mr.Smith picked up a coin in the road and(Mr.Smith)handed it to a policeman.,史密斯先生在路上捡到一枚硬币，并把它交给了警察。,2,若主语不同而助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的情态动词或助动词。,Jack must have been playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework.,杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽在写作业。,3,省略重复的连词及后续部分。,He was late because he had overslept and(because he had)missed the train.,他迟到了，因为睡过了头误了火车。,4,There be,句型的省略。,(Is there)Anything wrong,？发生了什么事吗？,5,感叹句根据上下文的省略。,What a(good)boy(he is),！多好的男孩呀！,6,名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时可省略名词。,I go to the supermarket instead of the butchers(shop)to buy meat.,我去超市而不是去肉铺买肉。,7,介词的省略。,可以省略介词,in,的几个固定词组，如,spend time(in)doing sth.,，,have a hard time(in)doing sth.,，,waste time(in)doing sth.,等。,He seldom spends his spare time(in)studying.,他空余时间很少学习。,二、并列句中的省略,1,若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。,His advice made me happy,，,but(his advice made)Jim angry.,他的建议使我高兴，可却使吉姆生气。,2,若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。,I was born in winter in 1998 and Bob(was born in winter)in 1989.,我出生在,1998,年的冬天，鲍勃出生在,1989,年冬天。,三、复合句的省略,1,某些状语从句中的省略,(1),多数状语从句，特别是在用,when,，,while,，,if,，,as if,，,though,，,as,，,until,，,once,，,unless,，,where,等连词连接的时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，当其谓语为,be,，而从句的主语跟主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和,be,动词就可省略而留下后面的分词、介词短语、形容词等。有时从句中主语为,it,时，也可省略,it,或从句的有关成分。,When pure,，,water is a kind of colorless liquid.,纯净的水是一种无色的液体。,Hot glassware breaks if suddenly chilled.,热的玻璃器皿如果突然冷却就会破裂。,Unless(it is)important,，,I wont attend the meeting.,除非重要，否则我不去开会了。,(2),比较状语从句中的省略,在这类状语从句中，常有一些成分被省略，例如,than,或,as,后面的部分可省略，省略的情况也比较复杂。,Tom plays football as well as,，,if not better than,，,Jack.,Tom plays football as well as Jack does,，,if he doesnt play better than Jack does.,如果说汤姆踢球不如杰克好的话也至少和他踢得一样好。,注意：并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和,be,动词，由,after,，,before,，,because,等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替,be,动词。,Because he was ill,，,he didnt attend the meeting.,Because of being ill,，,he didnt attend the meeting.(,正,),Being ill,，,he didnt attend the meeting.(,正,),Because ill,，,he didnt attend the meeting.(,误,),由于生病了，他没有出席会议。,2,定语从句与名词性从句中的省略,(1),定语从句中的省略,在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词,whom,，,which,，,that,可省略,(,但,whom,，,which,紧跟在介词后时不能省略,),；在以,the same.as,和,such as,引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。,I dont like such books as this(is),我不喜欢这种书。,This is one of the experiences(that)Ill never forget.,这是我难忘的经历之一。,修饰,way,的关系副词,that,可以省略。,Please tell me the way(that/in which)you did the job.,请告诉我你做工作的方式。,(2),宾语从句中的省略,在,know,，,think,，,consider,，,suppose,，,find,，,believe,，,say,，,decide,等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词,that,可以省略，若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个,that,可以省略，其余的不能。,The manager explained(that)the task was difficult and that the weather was bad.,经理解释说任务艰巨而且天气糟糕。,由,which,，,when,，,where,，,how,和,why,引导的宾语从句中，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省略，而只保留特殊疑问词。,You have solved the problem.Can you tell me how?,你已经把问题解决了，你能告诉我你怎样解决的吗？,在与,suggest,，,request,，,order,，,advise,等词相关的名词性从句中，谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,可以省略。,I suggest that we go out to eat.,我提议我们出去吃吧。,在,Im afraid,，,I think,，,I believe,，,I hope,，,I guess,等作答句，后面常用省略形式。,Do you think our team will win?,你认为我们队会赢吗？,I think so.,我认为是这样。,(,I think our team will win.),四、动词不定式省略，只保留,to,的场合,1,不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见的动词有,like,，,love,，,hope,，,wish,，,expect,，,refuse,，,mean,，,try,，,forget,，,prefer,等。,Do you think you can pass the driving test?,你认为你能通过驾照考试吗？,I hope to/I expect to(pass the driving test),我希望,/,我盼望能通过,(,驾照考试,),。,注意：,省略的不定式内容若有作助动词用的,have,或,be,的任何形式时，,to,后要保留原形的,have,或,be,。,He didnt come,，,but he ought to have.,他没来，但他应该来。,类似这样的用法还有动词短语,be going to,，,be about to,，,be supposed to,，,have to,，,used to,及形容词,glad,，,happy,，,pleased,，,delighted,等之后。,2,两个或两个以上的不定式并列，第一个带,to,，后面的省略,to,。但是当两个不定式表示对比关系时，第二个,to,也不能省略。,My work is to look after the children and(to)teach them English.,我的工作是照看这些孩子和教他们英语。,To be for the plan or to be against the plan doesnt matter.(to,不能省略,),支持还是反对这项计划都无关紧要。,3,当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词,do,及各种形式，则不定式符号,to,可省略。,What he wants to do is(to)go home.,他想,(,做的事是,),回家。,4,感官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式不能带,to,。,(,注：,help,后,to,可带可不带,),I saw Jack cheat in the exam.,我看到杰克在考试中作弊了。,No one can help him(to)solve the problem.,没人能帮助他解决这个问题。,5,介词,but,，,except(,除了,),前有,do,的具体形式时，后面的不定式要省略,to,。,All he could do was nothing but wait and see.,他所能做的只有等着瞧。,【,链接训练,】,I didnt go to see the doctor yesterday.,But you _.,A,ought to B,should go,C,should D,ought to have,【,解析,】,should have done,ought to have done,是对过去的判断，意为,“,本应该做某事而事实上没有做,”,。在上下文中为避免重复，可以说,should have,或,ought to have,。,should do,ought to do,是针对现在或将来的。,【,答案,】,D,Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?,_.,A,I dont believe B,I dont believe it,C,I believe not so D,I believe not,【,解析,】,在,Im afraid,，,I think,，,I believe,，,I hope,，,I guess,等用于答语时，后面跟,so,与,not,表示肯定或否定，宾语从句可省略。除,I hope not,不能用,I dont hope so,之外，其他词还可以用,I dont think/believe so,的形式。,【,答案,】,D,Some people against toll booths(,收费站,)argue that roads,，,once _,，,should be free.,A,building,B,built,C,having built,D,being built,【,解析,】,考查状语从句的省略。句意为：一些反对收费站的人辩称公路一旦建好，就应该是免费的。此处,once built,是,once(they are)built,的省略形式。,【,答案,】,B,To tell you the truth,，,I dont quite like the way _ she talks to her mother.,A,by which,B,in that,C,/,D,on which,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。当先行词为表示行为方式的,the way,时，从句用,that,或,in which,引导，,that,或,in which,也可省略。故答案为,C,。,【,答案,】,C,The pianos in the other shop will be _,，,but _.,A,cheaper,；,not as better,B,more cheap,；,not as better,C,cheaper,；,not as good,D,more cheap,；,not as good,【,解析,】,句意为：另一家商店的钢琴会便宜些，但不如,(,这家商店的钢琴,),好。本题出现了省略。全句补充完整应为,The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper than in this shop,，,but they are not as good as the ones in this shop.,。,【,答案,】,C,
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