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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题5：崇拜偶像,必修,基础,知识自测,一、单词拼写,1._,n.,质量,;,品质,;,性质,2._,n.,法则,;,原则,;,原理,3._,n.,律师,4._,n.,青年,;,青年时期,5._,n.,总统,;,校长,president,quality,principle,lawyer,youth,6._,n.,意见；看法；主张,7._,n.,毛毯；毯子,8._,n.,舞台；阶段；时期,9._,vt,.,建立；建设,10._,vi.,逃脱；逃走；泄露,escape,opinion,blanket,stage,found,11._,vt,.,进攻,;,攻击,;,抨击,12._,adj.,乐意的,;,自愿的,13._,adj.,法律的,14._,v.,投票,n.,投票,;,表决,15._,adj.,和平的,;,平静的,peaceful,attack,willing,legal,vote,1._,vt,.,献身；专心于,_,n.,忠实；忠诚,_,adj.,忠实的；深爱的,devoted,devote,devotion,二、单词拓展,(A),单词派生,2._,vt,.,带领；引导,_,n.,指导；领导，导游,guide,guidance,3._,adj.,平等的,_,n.,平等,_,adv.,平等地,4._,adj.,慷慨的；大方的,_,n.,慷慨；大方,generosity,equal,equality,equally,generous,5._,adj.,有活力的,_,n.,行动,_,n.,活动,6._,adj.,暴力的,_,n.,暴力，暴行,violence,active,action,activity,violent,1.Monica is a _(devote)friend.His _ to us is quite clear.,(B),灵活运用,1.,第一个是形容词修饰名词,表示“忠实的”,;,第二个是名词作主语,表示“忠实,忠心”。,devoted,devotion,2.My brother is _(generosity)with his money.,2.,作表语要用形容词,be generous with,表示“对,慷慨的”。,3.Some of the films are full of _(violent),which is not good for young kids.,violence,介词后接名词作宾语,generous,4.Welcome to Beijing.Im your,_(guide)in this trip.,4.,在形容词性物主代词后用名词,表示“导游”。,5.They believed that all men and women were born _.(equal),5.,习语,:be born equal,天生平等。,equal,guide,三、短语翻译,1._,被判处,(,徒刑,),2._,事实上,3._,失业,4._,设立；建立,set up,be sentenced to,as a matter of fact,out of work,5._,当权；上台,6._,丧失勇气或信心,7._,求助于；致力于,8._,在困境中,in trouble,come to power,lose heart,turn to,9._,同,斗争到底,10._,为,而死,11._,炸毁；给充气,12._,把,投入监狱,fight against,diefor,blow up,putin prison,四、课文回顾,在下列文段中填入一个适当的词或在用括号中选择一个词填空，并说明理由。,(,完形填空的思维方法训练,),My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.I first met Nelson Mandela in 1952 and he was the black 1_ to whom I went to for advice.He offered 2_ to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time,for which I was 3_.,lawyer,guidance,grateful,I needed his help because I had very little education.After trying hard,I got a job in a gold mine in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have a passbook to live there and I worried about whether I would become out of 4_.,He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more 5_ about my future.When he organized the ANC Youth League,I 6_ it as soon as I could.He said:,work,hopeful,joined,“,The last thirty years have7_(seen,passed,lasted,made)the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress,until today we have reached a 8_(year,time,stage,place)where we have almost no rights at all.”,It was the truth.Black people could not 9_ or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted.In fact as Nelson Mandela said:,see,stage,vote,“,we were put into a 10_ in which we had either to accept we were less important,or fight the government.We chose to attack the 11_.We first broke the law in a way which was 12_;when this was not allowedonly then did we decide to answer violence with violence.”,position,laws,peaceful,As a matter of fact,I do not like violencebut in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very 13_ because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us 14_ our dream of making black and white people 15_.,dangerous,achieve,equal,五、课文概要,以约,30,个词概括课文内容要点。,Elias was a poor black in South Africa.He helped blow up the government buildings in 1963 in order to repay Nelson Mandelas helping him a lot when he was in trouble.,quality,n.,质量；品质；性质,例句,And what qualities does a great,person have?,伟人具有哪些品质？,联想,amount,quantity,数量,理解,说出下列句中划线部分的意思。,He shows,quality of leadership,.,The quality of service,in this restaurant has improved a lot.,We should improve what is called,the quality of living,.,Our products are,of high quality,.,质量好的,领导才能,服务质量,生活品质,2.active,adj.,积极的,;,主动的,;,活跃的,例句,We should take active part in after-class activities.,我们应积极参加课外活动。,派生,_ n.,积极分子,_ n.,活动,活跃,activity,activist,理解,指出下列句中划线部分的意思。,He is an,active,member of the schools stamp club.,Good learners are,active,in their studies.,“The boy kicked the ball”is in the,active,voice.,活跃会员,主动于,/,积极于,主动语态,3.devote,vt,.,献身于；致力于,例句,She devoted herself entirely to writing.,她全心投入写作。,派生,devoted,adj,.,深爱的,忠实的,devotion,n,.,奉献,devote to,把,用在,/,献给,devote oneself to,献身于,/,致力于,be devoted to,专心于,/,深爱,/,忠诚,注意,to,是介词，后接名词、代词或者,doing,。,搭配,运用,将下列句子译成汉语。,He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.,Please devote more time to your work,请把更多的时间用于工作。,他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。,He devoted himself to helping the poor.,She is devoted to her studies.,(5)She is devoted to her children.,她深爱她的孩子。,他致力于帮助穷人。,她专心于她的学习。,4.vote,v,.,投票；选举,n,.,投票；选票；表决,例句,It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.,这是真话。当时黑人没有选举权，无法选择他们的领导人。,vote for,投票赞成,/,选,(,某人,),vote against,投票反对,搭配,运用,根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,下届选举我可能选她。,I may _ at the next election.,此事将通过投票的方式表决。,The matter will be decided_.,vote for her,by vote,against,十六票赞成我的建议,十五票反对。,There were 16_ in favor of my suggestion,and 15 _.,votes,5.attack,v.&n.,进攻；攻击,n,.(,疾病,),侵袭；发作,例句,We chose to attack the laws.,我们选择向法律进攻。,搭配,写出下列短语的汉语意思。,a heart attack _,make an attack on_,be attacked with(a disease)_,have an attack of _,联想,attract,v.,吸引,attract ones attention,吸引某人的注意力,(,病,),发作,为,所侵袭,心脏病发作,攻击,向,进攻,患病,运用,请指出下列句子中的,attack,词类和意思。,The enemy,attacked,us at night.,It is reported that this disease,attacks,the brain.,The poor boy is suffering an,attack,of flu.,Most wild animals wont,attack,unless they are irritated.,vi.,攻击,vt,.,攻击,vt,.,侵袭,n.,发作,6.equal adj.,平等的；相等的,例句,I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.,我知道这有助于实现我们使黑人与白人平等的梦想。,派生,equality n.,平等,(,记：,e+quality),equally adv.,相等地,;,同等地,运用,根据提示完成句子。,人人生而平等。,All men _.,妇女要求同工同酬。,Women demand _.,equal pay for equal work,are born equal,7.escape,v.,逃走,;,逃脱,;,避开,;,避免,例句,It was a prison from which no one escaped.,那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。,搭配,escape from,从,逃走；逃脱,用法,不与,away,off,连用；后可接动名词，不接不定式；不可用被动语态。,搭配,指出下列各个词组的汉语意思。,escape from the jail _,escape,sbs,attention _,escape being caught in the rain,_,避免淋雨,从监狱里逃出来,逃过某人的注意,运用,用相关词或短语翻译下列句子。,那个小孩终于从燃烧的房子里逃了出来。,That child managed to _,_.,小偷跑得很快，女警没能抓到他。,The thief ran very fast and _ _ by the policewoman.,escaped being,escape from the,burning house,caught,8.educate,vt,.,教育；训练,例句,Since I was better educated,I got a job working in an office.,因为我受过较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。,派生,education n.,教育,educator n.,教育工作者,educational adj.,教育的,运用,根据提示完成英文句子。,她三十年代在英国一所很好的学校里受过教育。,She _ a very good school in England _.,关于如何教育孩子,我们的观点一致。,We have the same opinion on _,_.,was educated at/in,in the 1930s,how to,educate our children,He has had a good _,(educate).,An _(educate)must first educate himself.,(5)There are many _(educate)programs on TV.,educational,education,educator,9.beg,vi.&,vt,.,请求；乞求,例句,All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.,那时我的妻子和孩子们不得不向亲友们乞讨食物和帮助。,beg,sb,to do,sth,恳求某人做某事,beg to do,sth,恳求做某事,beg for,sth,(from,sb,)(,向某人,),乞求,(,钱、食物、衣、同情等,),搭配,运用,根据提示完成英语句子。,She wrote a letter begging him _(come)back.,I begged _(allow)to join them.,to be allowed,to come,We are not going to _(,乞求帮助,)any more,He lives _(,靠行乞,).,by begging,beg for help,10.reward,n.,报酬；奖赏；回报,vt,.,报答；奖励,原句,They said that the job and,the pay from the new South African government were my,reward,after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.,他们说,从南非政府得到的这份工作和薪水,是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报,。,(B1P38),例句,A,reward,was offered for the return of the jewels.,为找回珠宝而获得悬赏。,She,rewarded,him,with,a smile.,她向他报之以一笑。,reward,多指因替他人做事或提供服务后得到的酬劳,奖赏或回报。,award,多指政府或组织授予成绩优异的人的奖励。,prize,多指对竞赛或比赛中成绩优异的人的奖励。,比较,reward sb.with,sth,.,奖给某人某物,reward sb.for(doing),去年,sth,.,因做某事奖赏某人,in reward for,作为,的报答,搭配,运用,根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,老师奖给优胜者一些糖果。,The teacher _ some sweets.,她的工作得到了丰厚的报酬。,She _ generously _ for her work.,rewarded winners with,was,rewarded,11.opinion,n,.,意见；看法；主张,例句,Youd better ask for your parents opinions.,你最好还是去征求你父母的意见。,in,sbs,opinion/in the opinion of,sb,在某人看来,give ones opinion about,发表看法,have a good,high/bad,low,poor opinion of,=think well,highly,much/badly,lowly,little of,对,评价高,/,低,搭配,注意,表示“根据某人的意见”是,in ones opinion,而不是,according to ones opinion,但可以说,according to sb.,。,运用,根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,依我的看法和大多数人的看法，学好英语非常重要。,老师对他评价很高。,The teacher has a high opinion of him./The teacher thinks highly of him.,In my opinion and in the opinion of most people,it is very important to learn English.,原句,I worried about whether I would become,out of work,.,我担心我会不会失业。,(B1P34),12.out of work,失业,例句,Many workers were,out of work,during the economic crisis.,在经济危机中许多工人失业了。,我弟弟由于自己身体不好,担心不久会失去工作,。,My brother worried about _ _,because of his poor health,.,他已经失业一年了,现在在找工作,。,He _ for a year and now hes looking for a job.,being out,of work soon,has been out of work,运用,根据汉语意思完成英语句子。,原句,As a matter of fact,I do not like violence.,其实我不喜欢暴力,。,(B1P34),13.as a matter of fact,事实上,同义,in fact,in reality,例句,As a matter of fact,we students dont like to be controlled by others.,事实上我们学生不喜欢被别人控制,。,事实上,你完全有理由拒绝他的无理要求。,_,you have enough reasons _,_.,运用,根据汉语意思完成英语句子。,As a matter of fact,to refuse his,unreasonable,requests,原句,Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was,in trouble,.,在,Nelson Mandela,有困难的时候,Elias,去看过他,。,(B1P35),14.in trouble,在困境中,例句,We should help those who were,in trouble,.,我们应该帮助那些有困难的人,。,ask for trouble,自寻烦恼,make trouble(for sb.),制造麻烦；,get(sb.)into trouble(,使某人,),陷入困境,联想,那个男孩总是捣乱,现在他真有麻烦了。,The naughty boy is always,_,but now he is really _.,运用,根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,You are just _(,自找麻烦,)if you dont get those brakes fixed.,asking for trouble,making trouble,in trouble,原句,Why did Nelson Mandela,turn to,violence to make black and white people equal?,为什么,Nelson Mandela,借助暴力来使黑人与白人平等？,(B1P35),15.turn to sb.for help,向某人求助,例句,You should,turn to,your teacher,for,help when you meet with difficulty at school.,在学校当你遇到困难时应该求助你的老师。,Nobody seems to understand.I dont know _.(,该向谁求助,),运用,根据汉语意思完成英语句子。,Dont hesitate to _(,求助于我们,)if you are in trouble.,turn to us,who to turn to,turn _,出现,;(,声音、光,),等调大、变强,turn _(,音量,),调低；拒绝,turn _,转过身来,联想,用适当的介词或副词填空。,around,up,down,turn _,上缴,turn _,结果是,;,证明是,turn _,翻车,;,翻阅,;,翻身,over,in,out,lose ones heart to(=fall in,love with),爱上,喜欢上,6.lose heart(=be discouraged),气馁,;,灰心,;,泄气,(B1P37),Tom,lost his heart to,Chinese when he first attended the lesson.,汤姆第一次听课就喜欢上了中文。,例句,You can never,lose heart,in face of difficulty.,面对困难你绝不能丧失信心。,I used to dig the garden every week,but I _(,失去信心了,)when the rain washed all the plants away.,运用,根据汉语意思完成英语句子。,At the first sight of Mary,Tom _ _(,喜欢,)her.,lost heart,lost,his heart to,17.set up,v,.,设置，建造,(build),；建立，创立,(found),例句,We were surprised when he left University to set up his own company“Microsoft”and make his own software.,我们感到惊奇的是，他离开大学之后创办了自己的微软公司做软件。,set up an organization,建立一个组织,set up a new record for,创造,的新纪录,拓展,运用,根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。,战后成立了一个新政府。,A new government_ after the war.,一些人搭建了一个小舞台。,Some men _.,set up a small stage,was set up,18.be sentenced to,被判处,(,刑,),例句,In 1961,he,was sentenced to,five years hard,labour,for encouraging violence against anti-black laws.,他于,1961,年因鼓励暴力反对反黑人法而被判五年苦役。,理解,指出句中划线部分的汉语意思。,He should,be sentenced to death,in the sight of law.,He,was sentenced to life imprisonment,.,His wife,was sentenced to three years in prison,for stealing.,被判处有期徒刑三年,被判处死刑,被判处无期徒刑,原句,He was,the first man to land,on the moon in July 1969.,他是,1969,年,7,月登上月球的第一人,。,(B1P33),1.the first(+,名词,)to do,sth,第一个做某事的,例句,Everyday Mr.Zhang was,the first to come,to the office.,每天张先生都是第一个来办公室的人,。,他总是第一个来而且是最后一个离开教室的,。,He _ to come and the last to leave the classroom.,仿写,根据汉语意思完成英语句子。,奥巴马是第一个当选为美国总统的黑人,。,Obama is the first black person _ _ president of the US.,to be,elected,is always the first,原句,Only then did we,decide to answer violence with violence.,只有到了那时我们才决定以暴力对抗暴力,。,(B1P34),2.Only+,状语,(,副词,/,介词短语,/,从句,)+,部分倒装,例句,Only,by studying hard,can,you make progress.,只有努力学习你才能取得进步,。,只有在那时我才明白学习英语的重要性。,Only then _ the importance of learning English.,仿写,根据汉语意思完成英语句子。,did I realize,(2),只有当你对未来充满信念时,你才会忘记困难和挫折。,Only _ _,_ all the hardships and setbacks.,when you hold a strong,belief towards future will you,forget,例句,I liked,Dongguan,the first time,I came to the city.,我第一次来东莞就喜欢上了这个城市。,3.the first time,第一次,(,引导时间状语从句,),原句,I felt bad,the first time,I talked to a group.,第一次给旅行团作讲解时,我的心情很不好。,(B1P38),仿写,根据汉语意思完成英语句子。,我第一次见到他,就不得不为他的敬业精神所震撼。,_,I was amazed at his devotion to his career.,比较,for the first time,第一次,(,作状语,);This/That/It is/was the first time that.sb.has/had done,这,/,那是第一次某人做某事,The first time I saw him,(3),她第一次在竞赛中获一等奖,。,He _ in the competition _.,(2),我第一次和她交谈我就知道她很诚实,。,_,I found she was honest.,(4),那是我第一次参加比赛,。,It was the first time that _ _.,The first time I talked to her,won first prize,for the first time,I had,attended a contest,4.stopfrom doing,sth,.,阻止,做某事,例句,He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.,他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。,(from,不能省略,),The government says he is stopping other companies from selling their programs.,政府说他阻止其他公司销售他们的程序。,(from,可省略,),结构和意义相似的句式还有：,preventfrom doing,sth,.,阻止,做某事,keepfrom doing,sth,.,阻止,做某事,比较,protect from,保护,免受,联想,仿写,根据汉语意思完成英语句子。,他们试图阻止我离开。,They tried _.,什么也阻止不了我实现我的梦想。,Nothing can stop me from realizing my dream/making my dream come true.,to stop me from leaving,5.do what one can to do,sth,.,竭尽全力做某事,例句,Everyone should be able to do what they can to make their company bigger.Bill Gates has only done what he can to stop other competitors.,每个人都会竭尽全力使他们的公司变得更大。比尔,盖茨只是竭尽全力阻止了别的公司,(,变得更大,),。,do all that one can to do,sth,.,do/try ones best to do,sth,.,do ones utmost to do,sth,.,spare no effort to do,sth,.,同义,仿写,根据汉语意思完成英语句子。,我已下定决心竭尽全力帮助他们摆脱困境。,我们必须竭尽全力度过难关。,We must do what we can to get through the difficulty,I have made up my mind to do what I can to help him out(of difficult situation).,难句结构分析,原句,The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress,，,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.,过去,30,年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，到今天，我们已经处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。,(P34 B1),分析,这是一个含有两个从句的复合句：,until,引导的是一个,_,从句，,where,引导的是一个,_,从句，修饰,stage,。,reach a stage,意为“到达一个阶段”，表示“上一个新台阶”是,reach a higher stage,。主句中，,stopping our rights and progress,是现在分词作,_,，修饰,laws,。,定语,时间状语,定语,顺便说说，主句的主语是时间,the last thirty years,，谓语是,have seen,，,see,意为“是某事发生的时间，目睹,(be the time when an event happens,witness)”,，又如：,In China,the last twenty years have seen huge economic growth.,中国在最近,20,年里取得了巨大的经济增长。,1.,杰克,失业,后,失去信心,了。,After Jack was,out of work,he lost heart.,2.,于是他就开始,行窃,最终被抓。,2.Then he began to,go stealing,and in the end he was caught.,3.,他,被判处,三年监禁。,3.He,was sentenced to,three years imprisonment.,4.,他去,求助,他大舅。,4.He,turned to,his uncle,for,help.,5.,实际上,他大舅是去年才在法院当权的。,5.,As a matter of fact,his uncle,came to power,in the court only last year.,6.,他大舅答应过他,有麻烦,就去找他。,6.His uncle had ever promised that he could go to ask him when he,was in trouble,.,7.,法律面前人人,平等,。,7.Everyone is,equal,before law.,8.,只有到这时,杰克,才,意识到没人能够救他。,8.Only then did Jack realize that nobody could save him.,9.,这是他第一次感到后悔。,9.This was the first time that he had
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