高考英语一轮复习 书面表达专题3课件 新人教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,英语,高考总复习人教版,必修二,书面表达专题,(,三,),书面表达常见错误,在英语书面表达中，人们经常犯大小写错误，或误将英语句号写成汉语句号。这些错误看似小事，却会影响得分。现将常见的典型错误列举出来，望大家引以为戒。,一、格式错误,有的考生不能正确地运用书信或日记的格式。,1,书信常有五部分：,信头：右上角写上收信人的地址和写信日期；,称谓；,正文；,结束语，常用的有,Yours sincerely,/Yours truly/,Yours faithfully.,；,签名。,2,日记格式：顶格写上月、日、年和星期，右边写上天气情况。,二、词序错误,1,并列的人称代词作主语时，,I,没有放在最后。,例：,I,，,you and he are all League members.,析：并列的人称代词作主语时，一般将,I,放在最后。应改为：,He,，,you and I are all League members.,2,没弄清英语中真正的主语。,例：,Without a,friend,_,will,feel lonely.,析：句子的主语不是介词短语。应改为：,Without a friend you will feel lonely.,3.,修饰语错位。,英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子的不同位置，可能会引起句子含义的变化。这一点常被忽视，也因而造成了不必要的误解。,例：,I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.,析：,better,位置不当，应置于句末。应改为：,I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.,三、时态误用,一般来说，根据写作要求能够非常明确地判断出主要该用什么时态，像写日记，看图书面表达，讲述发生的一件事，其主要时态就是一般过去时，时态正确了，叙述才会更准确。时态错误是中学生写作时普遍存在的问题。主要原因是：,1,对各种时态的基本概念不清楚。,2.,时间立足点把握不准。,3,母语干扰。由于汉语中动词没有,“,时态,”,的变化，许多同学在用英语表达时大脑中缺乏时态的概念，因而出现的时态错误随处可见。,4,考场时间不够。高考英语试题多，容量大。考生往往答到书面表达题时，时间所剩无几，匆匆完卷，根本来不及顾及时态、语态。,例：,He,is,_,working,in this company ever since he was graduated from college.,析：此句应为：,He has been working in this company ever since he graduated from college.,表示从过去开始延续到现在的时间段，主句动词应用现在完成时态或完成进行时态。,四、不一致,所谓不一致包括主谓不一致、数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等。,例：,When one,have,money,，,he can do what he,want,to do.,人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。,析：,one,是单数第三人称，因而本句的,have,应改为,has,；同理，,want,应改为,wants,。本句是典型的主谓不一致。,修改建议：,Once one has money,，,he can do what he wants(to do),五、指代不清,指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。,例,1,：,Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.,玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她想要她做伴娘。,析：读完上面一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘，如果我们把易于引起误解的代词所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。,修改建议：,Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.,例,2,：,We,can also know the society by serving it yourself.,析：句中人称代词,we,和反身代词,yourself,指代不一致。,修改建议：,We can also know society by serving it ourselves.,六、词性误用,写作中常见考生因分不清单词的词性而犯错误。,1,将不及物动词用成及物动词。,例：,come the city,，,return the place,修改建议：,come from the city,，,come to the city,，,return to the place,2,将形容词用成及物动词。,例：,Please present on,time.Dont,absent!,修改建议：,Please be present on,time.Dont,be absent!,3,将不可数名词用成可数名词。,例：,a good news,，,many,informations,修改建议：,good news,，,much information,4,将形容词和副词混淆使用。,例：,in the recently years,，,study hardly,修改建议：,in the recent years,，,study hard,5,将介词用成动词。,例：,Many overpasses,arounded,the city./The road,through,the city.,修改建议：,Many overpasses traveled around the city./The road goes through the city.,6,名词的单,/,复数使用不当。,例：,There are lots of high,building,.,修改建议：句中,building,应改为,buildings,。,7,句子的主谓不一致。,例：,A large number of beautiful buildings has been built.,修改建议：句中,has,应改正为,have,。,8,常用词拼写错误。,例：,modern,写成,morden,；,from,写成,form,；,before,写成,befor,。,9,在记叙文中通常会运用一般过去时态，所以就出现了动词的过去式，尤其是不规则动词的过去式的拼写错误。,例：,visitted,，,hurted,，,writed,修改建议：,visited,，,hurt,，,wrote,10,不定冠词的使用错误。,例：,send a email to you,，,graduated from an university,修改建议：分别应改正为,an,和,a,。,11,虚词错误。,A,冠词的漏用和误用。,例：,My father is worker.,修改建议：,My father is a worker.,B,缺必要的连接词或连接词多余。,例：,He likes swimming,，,I like climbing.,修改建议：,He likes swimming,，,and/while I like climbing.,七、句子不完整,在口语中，交际双方可借助手势、语气等来理解对方的意思，不完整的句子完全可以被理解。书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会使意思表达不清，这常常发生在主句写完以后，又想加些补充说明的情况下。,例：,There are many ways to know the,society.For,example by TV,，,radio,，,newspaper and so on.,析：本句后半部分,For example by TV,，,radio,，,newspaper and so on.,不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。,修改建议：,There are many ways to know society,，,for example,，,by TV,，,radio,，,newspaper,，,and so on,。,八、用词不当,措辞,(Diction),是指在特定的句子中选用适当词语的写作行为。在学生书面表达中，往往出现,“,随心所欲，拿来就用,”,的错误。,例：,The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.,农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。,析：显然，这是把,obstacles,“,障碍；障碍物,”,误作,substances,“,物质,”,了。另外,“,the increasing use(,不断增加的使用,),”,应改为,“,the abusive use(,滥用,),”,。,修改建议：,The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.,九、累赘,好文章都讲究以简洁为贵：写句子没有一个多余的词，写段落没有一个不必要的句子。,例,1,：,He works hard at,English.As,a result of this,，,he won the first place in the English speech contest.,修改建议：,He works hard at,English.As,a result,，,he won the first place in the English speech contest.,例,2,：,For the people who are diligent and kind,，,money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.,修改建议：,Diligent,，,caring people use money only to buy what they need.,十、句式错误,英语里以动词为核心的句型十分丰富，表达时应根据内容及文章的需要，选择使用。如：,误：,My classmates suggest me to study hard.,正：,My classmates advise me to study hard.,正：,My classmates suggest that,I(should)study,hard.,误：,Welcome you to visit our school.,正：,You are welcome,to(come,to)our,school for a visit.,十一、不连贯,不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是比较常见的毛病。,例：,The fresh water,，,it is the most important things of the earth.,析：,The fresh water,与逗号后的,it,不连贯。,it,与,things,在数方面不一致。,修改建议：,Fresh water is the most important thing in the world,。,十二、遗漏要点,不少同学在做书面表达题时，没有认真审题，导致写作要点的遗漏，使得意思不通顺，文章结构不完整，影响了表达效果。尤其是写表格式、要点式、图画式书面表达时，不少同学只重视卷面由阿拉伯数字标明的直接要点和表格，及图画所体现的主要要点，而忽视了写作说明部分的间接要点，造成了不应有的失分。,还有不少同学在写应用文时没有使用常识性要点的意识，同样造成要点遗漏，影响书面表达的得分。同学们应认识到，常识性要点既是重要内容，又起着承上启下的作用，对增强文章的可读性很有好处。同学们可将与生活相关的常识性要点进行分类，并增强使用意识，以便实际写作时有针对性地选择使用。,