语法1 冠词课件.ppt

新 课 标 资 源 网,老 师 都 说 好,!,名 师 精 讲,强 化 训 练,必修一,Units 1-2,英 语,冠词是一种虚词，用在名词或名词词组的前面，表示名词是特指，还是泛指。冠词可分为定冠词和不定冠词两类。不定冠词有,a,和,an;,其中,a,用于发音以辅音开头的名词之前；,an,用于发音以元音开头的名词之前；定冠词只有,the,。,冠词的灵活运用是高考命题的一大热点。几乎每年的高考题的单选题或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目。,1,不定冠词加名词的单数表示一类事物。如：,A horse is a useful animal.,马是有用的动物。,2,表示数量“一个”。如：,I have a mouth,，,a nose and two eyes.,我有一张嘴，一个鼻子和两只眼睛。,一、不定冠词的主要用法,3,用于表示时间、速度或价格等意义的名词之前，表示单位，译为“每一”。如：,The rent is$100 a week.,房租每月,100,美元。,4,表示一类人或某事物中的任何一个，经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时。如：,I gave him an interesting book yesterday.,昨天我给了他一本有趣的书。,5,专有名词前用不定冠词,a/an,，表示,“,像,那样的人,”,，,“,一个名叫,的,”,之意。如：,The child wants to be an Edison in the future.,那个孩子希望成为一个像爱迪生那样的人。,He is considered a Lei,Feng,in our class.,他被认为是我们班的雷锋。,A Green is waiting for you at the school gate.,一个名叫格林的人在学校大门口等你。,He was killed by a White.,他被一个名叫怀特的人杀了。,6,不定冠词用于抽象名词前，表示抽象名词具体化。如：,What a pleasant surprise you brought us!,你带给我们一个多么令人愉快的惊喜啊！,Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.,许多人认同掌握英语是当今国际贸易中必须的事情。,The girl is a great help to her mother.,那个女孩是她妈妈的一个好帮手。,7,不定冠词用于某些固定词组和习惯用法中。如：,at a loss,不知所措,have a good time,过得很愉快,have a deep love for,深深地爱,in a word,总而言之,have a taste,尝一尝,have a happy life,过着幸福生活,1,the,加可数名词单数表示一类事物。如：,The horse is a very useful animal.,马是很有用的动物。,2,the,与名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或物，或上文提到的人或事物。如：,How did you like the report?,你认为那篇报道怎样？,3,the,往往与表示独一无二的东西的名词连用。如：,“,The sun is the centre of the space,，”,said the man.,那个人说：“太阳是宇宙的中心。”,二、定冠词的主要用法,4,the,与某些名词连用，表示一个民族、阶段或阶层。如：,The Chinese are a hardworking people.,中国人民是一个勤劳的民族。,It is an important subject in the science circles.,在科学上那是个很重要的学科。,5,the,与姓氏的复数连用，表示一家人或夫妇俩。作主语时谓语动词用复数。如：,The Greens were sitting at the table when I got to their house.,当我到达格林家时，他们一家人正在吃饭。,6,乐器名词前一般要加,the,。如：,The girl plays the piano for about two hours each day.,那个女孩每天弹大约两小时的钢琴。,7,一般表示江河海洋、山脉群岛、海峡海湾等地理名词前必须用定冠词,the,。如：,the Yellow River,黄河，,the Dead Sea,死海，,the Alps,阿尔卑斯山，,the Philippines,菲律宾，,the Taiwan Straits,台湾海峡。,8,表示方位的名词前用定冠词。如：,The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,太阳从东方升起从西方落下。,9,由普通名词构成的专有名词前要用,the,。如：,the United Nations,联合国，,the Peoples Liberation Army,人民解放军，,the Childrens Palace,少年宫，,the Peoples Republic of China,中华人民共和国。,10,某些形容词前用定冠词,the,表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：,the rich,富有的人，,the old,老年人，,the sick,病人，,the elderly,上了年纪的人。,The old want looking after.,老年人需要照料。,11,the,加某些形容词表示一类事物，作主语时谓语动词用单数。如：,the ill,邪恶的事情，,the ugly,丑的事情。,The beautiful is always loved.,美的事情总是受人喜欢。,12,在逢十的年号的复数或所有格前加,the,，指世纪的某个年代。如：,in the 1930s/in the 1930s,在二十世纪三十年代,in the late/early 1870s,在十九世纪七十年代末期,/,早期,13,在表示发明物的单数名词前用,the,。如：,The compass was invented in China.,指南针是中国发明的。,He was considered to have invented the computer.,都认为是他发明的电脑。,14,在序数词和形容词的最高级前要用,the,。如：,the second story,第二个故事,the largest room,最大的房间,三、不用定冠词的场合,1,名词复数表示类属时其前不用,the,。如：,Horses are very useful animals.,马是很有用的动物。,注意：,特指时加,the,。如：,The horses are very beautiful.,那些马很漂亮。,2,物质名词，抽象名词表示概念时不用,the,。如：,Electricity is a form of energy.,电是一种能量。,Science means honest,，,solid knowledge.,科学是实实在在的学问。,注意：,表示特指时，必须加,the,。如：,The steel produced in our plant is of high quality.,我们厂生产的钢质量很高。,3,表示类别的可数名词前不加,the,。如：,Doctors are badly needed at the front.,前线很需要医生。,注意：,特指时须加,the,。如：,Don,t you recognize the students playing over there?,你认识在那里玩耍的那些学生吗？,4,一日三餐前不加冠词。如：,What do you usually have for lunch?,午饭你通常吃什么？,注意：,特指时加,the,。有时加,a,表示一顿饭。如：,What did you think of the supper yesterday?,你认为昨天的那顿晚饭怎样？,We had a real good dinner yesterday.,我们昨天吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。,5,一年四季前不用,the,。如：,It is very cold in winter in this part of China.,在中国这个地方冬天很冷。,注意：,特指时必须加,the,。如：,We met for the first time in the winter of 1998.,我们于,1998,年冬天第一次见面。,6,China,，,Japan,，,Asia,，,France,等专有名词和,society(,社会,),前不用,the,。如：,China lies in the east of Asia.,中国位于亚洲的东方。,注意：,特指时用,the,。如：,I often think of the China in 1976.,我常常想起,1976,年的中国。,7,nature(,自然,),前不用,the,。如：,the beauty of nature,自然美景,8,在球类、棋类、牌类名词前不用,the,。如：,Playing basketball does great good to ones health.,打篮球有益于健康。,I saw the two of them playing chess in the next room.,我看到他们俩在隔壁下棋。,四、不用冠词的场合,1,turn(,变成,),后面作表语的名词前不用不定冠词,a/an,。如：,He was a medical student before he turned writer.,他在成为作家之前是个医科学生。,注意,：,当名词前有形容词修饰时，需加不定冠词。如：,He turned a famous writer.,他成了一名著名的作家。,2,在,a kind of,，,this kind of,，,all kinds of,等后面的名词前往往不用冠词。如：,What kind of man is he,？他是个什么样的人？,3,表示独一无二的头衔、职位的名词在句中用作主补、宾补、表语、同位语时前面不用冠词。如：,Who is captain of your team?,谁是你们队的队长？,He was made monitor only yesterday.,他就在昨天被选为了班长。,4,当,car,，,bike,，,taxi,，,bus,，,train,，,ship,，,plane,等词与介词,by,连用，表示乘坐某种交通工具时不用冠词。如：,Did you come back by plane or by train?,你乘飞机还是乘火车回来的？,另外：,by water,，,by land,，,by sea,，,by air,以及,on foot,，,on horseback,等也属于这一种情况。,注意：,表示乘坐具体的某班车要加,the,。如：,by the first/last train,乘第一,/,最后一班火车。,5,在含有,day,的节日、假日前，不用冠词。如：,Childrens Day,儿童节,Womens Day,妇女节,National Day,国庆节,注意：,在含有,festival,的节日前，须加冠词,the,。如：,the Spring Festival,春节，,the,Midautumn,Festival,中秋节。,6,如果名词有其它限定词，如：物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词以及,some,，,any,，,no,，,each,或,every,等，不用冠词。如：,my first English teacher(,不能说：,my the first English teacher),my closest friend(,不能说：,my the closest friend),every few weeks(,不能说：,every a few weeks),7,在某些词组中，用冠词与不用冠词，含义有所不同。如：,go to school,上学,go to the school,到学校去,in hospital,因病住院,in the hospital,在医院里,in front of,在,的前面,in the front of,在,的前部,out of question,不成问题,out of the question,根本不可能,take place,发生，举行,take the place of,代替,in charge of,负责，管理,in the charge of,在,的掌管之下,一、单项选择,1,(2011,年陕西质检,),During the camp trip,，,children were fascinated by _ wonders of _nature.,A,/,；,/,B,/,；,the,C,the,；,/,D,the,；,the,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词。第一空处指在宿营中看到的那些大自然的奇观，应该用定冠词表特指；第二空不用冠词，因为,nature,，,society,，,space,等前常不带任何冠词。,2,(2011,年江西模拟,),Did you see _ English teacher?,I saw him at _ work in the office just now.,A,an,；,/B,the,；,a,C,the,；,/D,the,；,the,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词。第一空用,the,，特指双方都知道的那个英语老师；,at work,是固定词组，意为,“,在上班，在工作,”,。,3,(2011,年南昌模拟,),Some of the exercises appear to be _ ones that you have done,，,but after taking _ second look,，,you will find that they are different.,A,/,；,the B,the,；,the,C,the,；,a D,/,；,a,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词。语意：有些试题看起来似乎是你已做过的，但是再一看，你会发现它们是不一样的。第一个空后的,ones,有定语从句修饰，故是特指；,take a second look,“,再看一眼，重新审视,”,，是固定搭配，故第二空用,a,。,4,(2011,年河南毕业班调研,),In America,，,if _ friend has invited you to drop by anytime,，,it is _ best to call before visiting to make sure it is convenient for him.,A,a,；,a B,the,；,a,C,a,；,/D,the,；,/,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词用法。前一个空格处是泛指；形容词的最高级作表语不表示与其他人或物相比时，前面不用定冠词。,5,(2011,年唐山模拟,),The 21st Winter Olympic Games were successfully held in _city of Vancouver,，,_big city in Canada.,A,a,；,a B,the,；,a,C,a,；,the D,the,；,the,解析：,选,B,。考查冠词的用法。语意：第,21,届冬奥会在温哥华成功举办，该市是加拿大的一座大城市。前一个空格处特指温哥华，后一个空格处是泛指。,6,(2011,年北京海淀区期末,),As we know,，,_,Potala,Palace,，,a combination of Tibetan construction art and culture,，,is considered _precious treasure of China.,A,a,；,a B,the,；,a,C,the,；,the D,a,；,the,解析：,选,B,。考查冠词的用法。第一空处表示,“,布达拉宫,”,，是独一无二的专有名词，用定冠词,the,；第二空处表示,“,中国的一种宝贵财富,”,，用不定冠词表示,“,一种，一样,”,，所以这里,B,项正确。,7,(2011,年潍坊质检,),Why do you eat all the vegetables but leave _ meat untouched?,Im on _diet.,A,a,；,the B,the,；,/,C,/,；,a D,the,；,a,解析：,选,D,。,be on a diet,表示,“,在节食,”,，此处,meat,应是双方都知道的，故,D,正确。,8,(2011,年安徽模拟,),As soon as _ concert film,This,Is,It,was released on October 28th,，,it became _ great success in all big cinemas across the planet.,A,a,；,the B,the,；,a,C,the,；,/D,a,；,a,解析：,选,B,。考查冠词。根据语境可知，第一空特指,(,This,Is,It,),这部影片，因此用定冠词,the,；,success,当,“,成功的人或事,”,讲时，是可数名词，因此前面加不定冠词。,9,(2011,年重庆诊断,),Have you seen _ umbrella I put here this morning?,Is it _ black one,？,It is in the corner of our office.,A,the,；,a B,an,；,a,C,the,；,the D,an,；,the,解析：,选,A,。考查冠词。第一空后由于有定语从句修饰，表示特指，故用,the,；第二空处泛指,“,一把,”,黑色的伞，故用,a,。,10,(2011,年江西模拟,),Havent you met each other at _party?,Yes,，,but I cant remember whether it is _ Christmas when we were in college.,A,a,；,the B,the,；,a,C,a,；,a D,a,；,/,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词。从语意看，第一空处的,party,表示没有具体所指的,“,聚会,”,，,“,你们以前没有在聚会上见过面吗？,”,party,前加,a,；第二空处的节假日名词前本不加冠词，但语境表示,“,我们读大学时的一个圣诞节聚会,”,，因此用不定冠词。,11,(2011,年南昌调研,),I wonder what it feels to be one of _ really,rich.The,Browns already have two Rolls Royce and now they are buying _ third.,A,the,；,a B,the,；,the,C,/,；,a D,/,；,the,解析：,选,A,。考查冠词。第一空填定冠词,the,，,the rich,“,富人,”,；第二空填不定冠词,a,，,a third,在这里表示拥有两辆汽车后再买一辆。,12,(2011,年长春调研,),The report said that a bus went out of _ control on the highway _ south of the city and rushed into a river.,A,the,；,the B,/,；,the,C,the,；,/D,/,；,/,解析：,选,D,。考查冠词。,out of control,是固定短语，意思是,“,失去控制,”,；,“,south of.,”,中的,south,是方位副词，前面不用冠词。当,south,用作名词时通常与介词一起使用。,13,(2011,年唐山模拟,),Monday saw _ grand opening ceremony,，,with fireworks and 6,000 guests,，,for _ worlds tallest tower,，,the,Burj,Dubai.,A,a,；,the B,the,；,a,C,a,；,a D,the,；,the,解析：,选,A,。考查冠词。第一空表示泛指，填不定冠词,a,；第二空表示特指，填定冠词,the,。语意：周一举行了一个盛大的开幕式，有,6 000,位客人到场，燃放了烟火，为世界最高的塔,迪拜塔揭幕。,14,(2011,年北京东城区期末,),Because _ unemployment is very high at present,，,its not easy for a fresh graduate to find _ satisfying job as he wishes.,A,the,；,/B,/,；,a,C,an,；,a D,an,；,the,解析：,选,B,。考查冠词。,unemployment,是抽象名词，前面不用冠词。,job,是可数名词，用不定冠词泛指,“,一份令人满意的工作,”,。,15,(2011,年西安质量检测,),I think people must have found it quite _ delight when,colour,TV was first broadcast in _ 1920s.,A,/,；,the B,a,；,/,C,a,；,the D,/,；,/,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词的用法。第一空处考查抽象名词具体化时其前冠词的用法，此处,a delight,表示具体的概念，意为,“,高兴的人,(,事,),”,；第二空处考查的是固定用法，表示,“,几十年代,”,要用定冠词，如,in the 1920s,。,16,(2011,年西安质量检测,),As we all know,，,it is really _ convenience to have _ hospital in a community.,A,the,；,a B,/,；,a,C,a,；,a D,/,；,the,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词。语意：众所周知，在一个社区里有一所医院确实是一件很方便的事情。,convenience,表示抽象概念,“,方便,”,时为不可数名词，表示,“,令人方便的事物,”,时为可数名词，根据语意可知第一空填,a,；医院为可数名词，此处表泛指，故第二空也填,a,。,17,(2011,年保定调研,),The United Nations set _ deadline for that country to accept _ peace plan.,A,the,；,the B,the,；,a,C,a,；,the D,a,；,a,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词。,set a deadline,确定一个最终期限，从句意可知，这个和平计划是联合国和那个国家都知道的，是特指，因此用冠词,the,。,18,(2011,年金华模拟,),To tell _ truth,，,his coming is really _ big surprise to most people present at the party.,A,/,；,a B,the,；,/,C,the,；,a D,/,；,/,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词。第一空处是固定短语，,to tell the truth,意为,“,说实话,”,；第二空后的,surprise,是可数名词，意为,“,意想不到的事，令人惊讶的事,”,，故前面用不定冠词。,19,(2011,年安徽模拟,),It was _ exciting news that more than ten students in a single school were admitted to,Tsinghua,University in the same year.,A,one B,an,C,/D,a,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词的用法。,news,是不可数名词，所以不用冠词，这里,C,项正确。,20,(2011,年东北三校模拟,),The chairman will be pleased at _ scene that everything is in _ place.,A,a,；,a B,the,；,the,C,the,；,/D,/,；,the,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词的用法。,scene,后有定语从句修饰，是特指；,in place,表示,“,在正确的位置，准备妥当,”,，是固定搭配。,21,(2011,年黑龙江适应性考试,),On April 6,1896,，,_crowd of over 60,000 people watched the King of Greece open _ first modern Olympic Games.,A,a,；,a B,the,；,a,C,a,；,the D,the,；,the,解析：,选,C,。考查冠词。第一空是,a crowd of,表示,“,许多，一群人,”,，前面用不定冠词；第二空序数词前要加定冠词。,22,(2011,年石家庄质检,),Sad to say,，,nowadays many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places.,A,the,；,/B,/,；,/,C,the,；,the D,/,；,the,解析：,选,A,。考查冠词。,habit,后有,of,短语修饰限定，故第一空处表特指；第二空处是泛指，表,“,公共场所,”,，不用冠词。,23,(2011,年临沂三模,),At _ young age,，,Andy took up a,parttime,job and got paid by _ hour.,A,/,；,/B,a,；,/,C,a,；,an D,a,；,the,解析：,选,D,。句意：在很小的时候，安迪从事一份兼职工作，并且按小时领取工资。,at a young age/at an early age,在幼年时期，是固定用法。,by the hour,按小时，故,D,项正确。,24,(2011,年天津模拟,),Yesterday I saw _,mshaped,building in Shanghai and its _ seventeenth century building.,A,an,；,the B,an,；,a,C,a,；,a D,the,；,the,解析：,选,B,。考查冠词的用法。前一个空格表泛指,(,一个,),且后面单词以元音音素开头，所以用,an,，后一个空格也表泛指,(,一个,),，其中第,17,世纪是定语而不是序数词。所以用,a,。,25,(2011,年青岛模拟,),Chengdu tops _ list of 10 happiest cities in China in _ survey made recently for its fine scenery,，,cheap goods and easy lifestyle.,A,the,；,a B,a,；,a,C,a,；,the D,the,；,the,解析：,选,A,。第一个空用定冠词,the,，表示特指,“,中国十大最幸福城市,”,的名单；第二个空用不定冠词,a,表示泛指,“,一项调查,”,。,26,(2011,年南通调研,),While income worry,is_rather,common problem of the aged,，,loneliness is another problem,that_aged,parents may face.,A,a,；,/B,the,；,/,C,a,；,the D,the,；,the,解析：,选,A,。不定冠词才能和,another,相对应，表示泛指，所以第一个空用不定冠词；,parents,复数表泛指，所以其前不用冠词。,27,(2011,年徐州调研,),Graduates of 2009,share_fate,of entering the work force at a bad time,，,when the world is sinking deeper,into_financial,crisis.,A,the,；,the B,a,；,the,C,a,；,/D,the,；,a,解析：,选,D,。,fate,后有定语,of entering the work force,，表特指，所以其前用定冠词,the,；,financial crisis,有许多次，这只是其中的一次，所以用不定冠词,a,来限定。,28,(2011,年滨州一模,),Obama,has been,elected_first,black President of the United States,，,and the international society expects to,have_new,USA under his leadership.,A,/,；,the B,a,；,the,C,the,；,a D,the,；,the,解析：,选,C,。序数词必须与定冠词,the,连用，表示顺序，所以第一个空用,the,；表示地名或姓名的专有名词前有形容词修饰时，其转化为普通名词，这时要用不定冠词来限定。,29,(2011,年北京质检,),By_nature,，,you are an adventurer,，,full of amazement and curiosity,about_world,bigger than life itself.,A,a,；,the B,the,；,the,C,/,；,a D,the,；,/,解析：,选,C,。,by nature,“,就其本质而言，天生地,”,，为固定短语；,world,，,earth,，,sun,，,moon,等独一无二的名词一旦被形容词修饰之后，其前要用不定冠词来限定。,30,(2011,年贵阳质检,),In China,，,_pressure to,pass_exams,tends to cause lack of students creativity.,A,/,；,/B,the,；,the,C,the,；,/D,/,；,the,解析：,选,C,。,pressure,后有定语,to pass exams,修饰，属特指，所以用定冠词,the,；,exams,是复数名词表泛指，所以不需要冠词来限定。故只有,C,项符合题意。,1,他买了一台电脑，那台电脑非常好。,答案：,He bought a,computer.The,computer is very nice.,2,地球绕着太阳转。,答案：,The earth goes around the sun.,3,富人应当帮助穷人。,答案：,The rich should help the poor.,4,她抓住了我的手臂。,答案：,She caught me by the arm.,5,我们按月领工资。,答案：,We are paid by the month.,二、快乐译站,