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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,represent as,把,描绘成,represent oneself as(to be),声称自己是,represent,sth,.to oneself,想像出某事物,be representative of,代表，表示,1.represent,represent,表现；描写；描绘；代表,(=stand for),；,声称,e.g.His opinion,s that of the majority.,The sign“&”represents the word“and”.,This painting represents a storm of sea.,This picture,s the end of the war.,He represented himself as a philosopher.,e.g.The thirteen stars on the flag _ the thirteen colonies that have announced independence.,A.are B.sign,C.represent D.compare,析：答案为,C,。句意为：“旗帜上的十三颗星代表了已宣布独立的十三个殖民地。,Sign,作动词用，意为：“签名”，,compare“,比较”。,e.g.,The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.,The band played many songs,including some of my,favourites,.,At least 20 people got hurt,including,five children.=At least 20 people got hurt,five children,included,.=At least 20 people got hurt and five children included.,2.include,including prep.,包括,(,表主动,),included p.p.,被包括,(,表被动,),vt,.,包括，包含,e.g.The book includes two chapters on grammar.,这本书有两章是关于语法的。,Everybody took part in the fight against the flood,including the old people.,所有的人,包括老人,都参加了抗洪战斗。,Orange juice,cntains,things which help keep you healthy.,桔汁里含有有益于健康的东西。,Sea water contains salt.,海水里含有盐。,辨别,:include,与,contain,include,contain,vt,.“,包括；包含”。它侧重指包含者是整体的一部分。即范围或整体,.,vt,.“,包含；含有”。它指包含者是某物的组成部分（或内容成份）。,例：,1.Detailed instructions are _ in the booklet(,小册子,),，,_ the way you get there.,A.including;included B.included;including,C.including;including D.included;included,2.Theres no need to leave a tip.Service _ in the bill.,A.includesB.is included,C.will include D.is including,析,:1,）、,include,为及物动词，它同,instructions,之间存在被动关系；,including,为介词，常位于句尾。答案为,B.,2),、,include,同,Service,之间是被动关系。故答案为,B,。,用,include,的适当形式填空,Their names are _ in the list.,There are a lot of names in the list,_ his name.,There are a lot of names in the list,his name,_.,The rent is 40,yuan,a month _,water and electricity.,The price _ postage then.,included,including,included,including,included,3.give in,give in,不及物短语,“,投降、屈服、让步”,eg,.One shouldnt,give in,while he or she stands and sees.,She would rather die than,give in,.,give in,还可意为“上交”；,=,turn in,hand in,eg,.When shall I,give in,my paper?,All papers should,be given in,before 12:30.,give in to,向,让步、迁就,eg,He,is always giving in,to others.,give up,vt,./vi.,放弃、不在做,(,某事,),、把,-,献给,交出、让给,Ive given up,that idea long before.,She,has given up,her life to nursing the sick.,They had,given up,the city to the enemy.,give up+doing,He,has given up,playing football.,give up,放弃、交出,give in,让步、投降,give away,赠送、泄露、分发、丧失,give back,归还、送回,give off,发出（光、热、烟、火、声、味）,give out,分发、用完、筋疲力尽,He _ his seat to an old woman.,The gas _ an unpleasant smell.,Our money soon _.,Have you _ him _ the money yet?,gave up,gave off,gave out,given,back,4.in ruins,bring,sb,.To ruin,毁灭某人,ruin oneself,毁了自己,(be)a ruin,已成废墟,ruin ones health,把身体搞垮,fall into ruin,（变得）破败不堪,go/come to ruin,损坏,be in ruins,成为废墟、落空,eg,.The house across the street is,in ruins,.,Our plan is,in ruins,.,ruin,n.,毁坏、破坏,(,不可数,),、废墟、遗迹,(,常用复数,),eg,.Drink leads to his,ruin,.,We could see the,ruins,of the house.,in pieces,成碎片、破碎、落空,His plans are now,in pieces,.,He dropped the cup and now it is,in pieces,e.g.After the big earthquake in Bam of Iran,almost all the houses and buildings were not only _,more than 20000 people also lost their lives and many more were homeless.,A.fallen B.in ruin,C.destroying D.in ruins,解析：本题考查介词短语的用法。题意：“伊朗巴姆市大地震后，不但几乎所有的楼房成了废墟，而且两万多人失去了生命，还有好多人无家可归。”选项,A,无被动语态，选项,C,须用被动语态才正确，选项,B,词组有误。故答案为,D.,5.burn,burn,vt,./vi (burned,burned;burnt,burnt),(1),烧掉、烧毁,He,burned,all her letters.,(2),烫着、烧着、烧焦、晒黑,Hot water will,burn,you.,Be careful not to,burn,the meat.,(3),燃烧、烧着,Paper,burns,easily.,(4)(,脸部,),绯红、,(,皮肤,),发烫,Her cheeks,are burning,with shame.,(5),迫切想,(,做某事,),She,is burning,to tell you the news.,burn up,烧光,burn down,烧毁,burn to the ground,The hotel burned down./was burned down.,burnt,burnt,burned,burned,lighted,lighted,lit,lit,burn,light,相同点,:,常都可作定语,点燃的,燃着的,烧伤的,烧坏的,e.g.He,lit,a candle with a,lighter,and then put the,lighted,candle on the,burnt,table but unfortunately it,burned,the newspapers.,6.bring back to life,come back to life,苏醒过来,bring back to health,使,恢复健康,They did all they could to bring him back to life.,Her stay in the mountains has brought her back to health.,7.photograph,n.,take a photograph of=take photographs of,have ones photograph taken,请人给自己拍照,have a photograph taken with,和,合影,8.limit,vt,.&n.,limited,adj.,limit to,把,限制到,e.g.Our holidays,are limited to,two days.,My mother,limited us to,one cake each.,n.U,限度；界限,a speed limit,速度限制,His patience reached its limit.,=He reached the limit of his patience.,9.breath,n.-breathe v.,out of breath,上气不接下气地；气喘吁吁地,take a deep breath,深呼吸,take breath,歇口气；歇会儿,hold ones breath,屏息,give,sth,.back,归还；送还,give,sth,.in (=hand in,sth,.),呈交,give in to,sb,./,sth,.,投降；屈服,give,sb,./,sth,.away,泄露；捐赠；赠送,give,sth,.off,发出气味、热气等,give up,sth,./doing,sth,.,放弃（做）某事,give up,sth,.to,sb,.,把,给某人,give out,vt,.,分发,;,发表,;,公布,;,发出（声音）,vi.,用完；耗尽,10.give,sth,.back,例,:,1.-Smoking is bad for your health.,-Yes,I know.But I simply cant _.,A.give it up B.give it in,C.give it out D.give it away,2.Dont mention that at the beginning of the story,or it may _ the shocking ending.,A.give away B.give out,C.give up D.give off,解析：,1).“,我只是不能放弃抽烟”，答案为,C.,2).“,在故事开始不要提及这，不然可能泄露这令人震惊的结尾。”答案为,A,。,pull down,拆毁（建筑物等）,cut down,砍倒；消减（数量）,break down,损坏；拆散,turn down,将（收音机、灯等）关小，调低；拒绝；不接受（某人、某物）,bring down,降低（温度、物价等）,come down,塌下；（雨、雪等）落下；（也指温度）降低；流传下来,get down to,sth,.(doing,sth,.),开始做某事；认真处理某事,put down,放下；记下；把某物储藏起来,take down,记下；拆除；将某物从高处取下,11.“,动词,+down”,短语,例,：,1.They are _ those houses to make room for a new hotel!,A.pulling down B.putting down C.turning down D.pulling down,2.If traffic moves at low speeds,the number of accident is _.,A.pulled back B.cut down,C.cut off D.turned off,3.The final examination is coming;you really must _ your studies.,A.get along B.get down to,C.get on with D.get up,解析：,1.,答案为,A,。句意为：“为了建造新旅馆，他们已在拆除那些房屋。”,2.,答案为,B,。,cut down,减少某事物的数量。,3.,答案为,B,。,get down to=give serious attention to,sth,.,。,
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