高三英语高考复习：语法系列课件之定语从句 课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考语法复习系列十二,定 语 从 句,1.,定语从句考点,1,、关系代词,that which;whose;which as,的用,法比较；,2,、关系代词和关系副词的用法比较；,3,、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句；,4,、定语从句与并列句的区别。,1,、关系代词的用法比较,问题,1,：,1,、,Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in,the office.,（,05,浙江卷）,A,whichB,that C,this D,it,2,、,Luckily,wed brought a road map without _ we,would have lost our way.,（,04,北京春季）,A.itB.that C.thisD.which,A,当先行词为物时，关系代词可以用,that,也可用,which,，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中，只能用,which,，不能用,that,。,D,但在下列情况中，只能用,that,，不用,which,：,当先行词是,all,a lot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing,等词时,。如：,All,that can be done,has been done.,In this factory I saw,little/much,that was different from ours,.,当先行词被,all,any,no,much,little,few,every,等限定词所修饰时。,如：,We heard clearly,every word,that he said,.,当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时,。,如：,The,first thing,that should be done,is to get the tickets.,When people talk about Hangzhou,the first,that comes to mind,is the West Lake.,当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时,，,如：,Is that,the best,that you can do,?,Thats,the most,expensive,hotel,that weve ever stayed in,.,This novel is,the second best one,that I have ever read.,当先行词被,the very,the only,the next,the last,等所修饰时。,如：,This is the,very book,that I want to find,.,当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。,如：,The guests spoke highly of,the children and their performances,that they saw at the Childrens Palace,.,She described in her compositions,the people and places,that impressed her most,.,当主句是以,which,开头的特殊疑问句时。,如：,Which,is the,car,that killed the boy,?,问题,2,：,1)Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from,_effects the people are still suffering.,（,05,天津卷）,A.that B.whose C.those D.what,2)George Orwell,_ was Eric Arthur,wrote many political,novels and essays.(04,北京）,A.the real nameB.what his real name,C.his real nameD.whose real name,B,D,“,whose+,名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题,2,），又能作宾语（如题,1,）。,whose,的先行词常用来指人（如题,2,），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题,1,），这时可以与,of which,结构互换，词序是：“名词,+of which”,。题,1,可变为：,from the effects of which,问题,3,：,1,、,_ is often the case,we have worked out the production,plan.,（,04,江苏）,A.Which B.When C.What D.As,2,、,John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.,（,01,北京春季）,A,he B,this C,which D,who,D,非限制性定语从句一般采用,which,或,as,来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点：（,1,）,as,引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而,which,引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（,2,）从意义上讲，,which,指前面主句的内容；而,as,指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成,“就象,那样、正如所,的”,。（,3,）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起,消极,作用，则用,which,，而不用,as,，,C,问题,4,：,What surprised me was not what he said but,he said it.,（,04,湖北）,A,the way B,in the way that,C,in the way D,the way which,A,该句的意思是“使我感到惊奇的不是他说了些什么，而是他表达的方法。”句中“,what he said”,和“,the way he said it”,是并列结构作表语。假如,the way,在从句中作状语，其中的关系词有三种不同的表达方式。,1)the way+that;2)the way,后省略关系词,;3)the way+in which,。根据句意可以排除,B,、,C,；答案,D which,前缺少介词,in,，所以答案为,A,。,2,、关系代词和关系副词的比较,问题,1,：,1,、,Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited,three months ago?,（,05,北京春季）,A.where B.when C.that D.what,2,、,There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped,her hands.,（,04,全国,II,）,A.,whereB,.,which C.when D.that,C,A,当先行词是表,时间,的,time,day,等和表地点的,place,house,等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少,主语或宾语,，关系词应该用,which,或,that,缺少,时间状语或地点状语,时，才能用,when,或,where,。,题,1,中的,farm,作,visited,的宾语，故选,C,；题,2,中的,trousers,作,wiped,的地点状语，故选,A,。,使用关系副词应注意下列几点：,1,、关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的,介词,+which,结构：,when=on(in,at,during)+which;,where=in(at,on)+which;,why=for which.,如：,I was in Beijing on,the day,when(=on which),he arrived.,The office,where(=in which),he works is on the third floor.,This is,the chief reason,why(=for which),we did it.,2,、当先行词是表,时间,和表,地点,的,词,时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果,缺少主语或宾语,时，关系词应该用,which,或,that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用,when,或,where,，试比较：,Ill never forget,the day,when my hometown was liberated,.,Ill never forget,the days,which/that we spent together last summer,.,His father works in,a factory,where radio parts are made,.,His father works in,a factory,which/that makes radio parts.,3,、,when,和,where,既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而,why,只能引导限制性定语从句。,3,、介词加关系代词引导定语从句,问题,1,：,1,、,The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be,_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.(05,江苏卷,),A.which;where B.at which;which,C.at which;where D.which;in which,2,、,He was educated at a local grammar school,_ he went,on to Cambridge.,（,05,山东卷）,A.from which B.after that C.after which D.from this,C,C,题,1,中,the place,在定语从句中作,to be built,的地点状语，此处的,at which,相当于,where,;,后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题,2,表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选,C,。,介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中,的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：,关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用,whom,指人，,which,指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：,Do you know,the boy,to whom,she was talking?,Do you know,the boy,(that),she was talking to?,The pencil,(which/that),he was writing with,suddenly broke.,2.,要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。,巩固练习：,American women usually identify their best friend as,someone _ they can talk frequently.,（,04,上海）,A.who B.as C.about which D.with whom,2.The English play _ my students acted at the New,Years party was a great success.,（,04,全国,I,）,A for whichB at whichC in whichD on which,3.There are altogether eleven books on the shelf,_ five,are mine.,（,04,全国,IV,）,A on which B in which C of which D from which,4.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine,months,_ the sailing time was 226 days.,（,04,广西）,A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which,A,D,C,C,4.,非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别,问题,1,：,There are two buildings,stands nearly a hundred feet high.,（,04,湖北）,A,the larger B,the larger of them,C,the larger one that D,the larger of which,要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句，关键是看两个,句子之间是否有连词，若有表示并列关系的连词或分号破折,号，那就是并列句；如果两句之间没有这些连接符号，那就,是非限制性定语从句，此时就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或,关系副词了。,D,巩固练习：,The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%,are sold abroad.,（,04,辽宁）,A,of which B,which of C,of them D,of that,2.I have many friends,some are businessmen.,（,05,全国卷,1,）,A,of them B,from which C,who of D,of whom,A,D,题,2,也可以改为：,some of whom are businessmen.,如果在之,前加上连词,and,，就只能用,some of them,，而且不能倒装。,5,、注意,the same as/such as,的使用问题,当先行词被,the same,所修饰时，关系词既可以用,as,，,也可以用,that,。,在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用,as,，,表示同一事物多用,that,。,如：,This is,the same instrument,that I used yesterday,.,这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。,This is,the same instrument,as I used yesterday,.,这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。,在,抽象概念,上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：,I have,the same opinion,as/that you have,.,这里要注意的是：,(1),使用,as,时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用,that,时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：,Women received,the same pay,as men,.,Women received,the same pay,that men received,.,(2),在“,the samethat”,结构中，,that,只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。,that,可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的,same,也可以省去。如：,This is,the same instrument,that I used yesterday,.,=This is,the same instrument,I used yesterday,.,=This is,the instrument,I used yesterday,.,但在“,the sameas”,结构中，,same,和,as,都不能省略。,(3),当“,the samethat”,结构中的,that,作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与,as,互换。如：,He lives in,the same building,that I live,.,=He lives in,the same building,as/that I live in,.,Shall we meet at,the same place,that we last,met,?,=Shall we meet at,the same place,that/as we last,met at,?,(4),当先行词前有,such,so,as,时，关系词应当用,as,。如：,A wise man seldom talks about,such things,as he doesnt understand,.,He spoke in,such easy English,as everybody could understand.,At this time of the day,all buses and trolleys have to carry,as many passengers,as they can,.,It is,so easy a book,as every schoolboy can read,.,Lets discuss,such things,as we can talk of freely,.,另需注意：,This book is written in,such easy English,as beginners can understand,.,（定语从句）,This book is written in,such,easy English,that beginners can understand it,.,（结果状语从句）,Good-bye!,