高中英语 Unit2 witnessing time-Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版选修9 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 2,Grammar,The participle,分词,现在分词与过去分词,1,构成,4,功能,2,时态,3,语态,5,独立结构,6,区别,语态,时态,主动式,被动式,一般式,writing,being written,完成式,having written,having been written,一、构成形式,现在分词与过去分词的区别,falling leaves,fallen leaves,boiling water,boiled water,a disappointing boy,a disappointed boy,a moving film,a moved student,二、语法功 能,1,作表语,2,作定语,3,作状语,4,作宾语补足语,用分词的正确形式填空：,1.We were _(excite)with joy at the victory.,2.The news was _(excite)to us,3.Nobody was _(interest)in the story he told.,excited,exciting,interested,1.,分词在句中作表语,4.The young lady is well _(dress).,5.The problem is _(puzzle).,dressed,puzzling,2.,分词结构作定语,a),单个分词作定语应放在被修饰词前面分词短语作定语应放在所修饰词的后面,eg,.The,injured,man is a bus driver.,eg,.The man,injured in the accident,is a bus driver.,b),分词作定语与一个定语从句所表示的意思差不多。,eg,.Whats the name of the man,caught by the police,?,=Whats the name of the man,who was caught by the police,?,用分词改写下列句子：,Exercises,Exercises,Exercises,Exercises,The young man,who was believed to be the son of the detective,was bitten by a snake and died.,The young man,believed to be the son of the detective,was,2)The road which connects the villages is very narrow.,3)The people who were invited to the party cant come.,The road,connecting the village,is very narrow.,The people,invited to the party,cant come.,4)The soldier who was wounded was taken to hospital.,5)We met a group of students who were returning from school.,The,wounded,soldier was taken to hospital.,We met a group of students,returning from school,.,用分词的正确形式填空：,1)The lake _(pollute)by the factory has been cleaned again.,2)There are some children _(swim)in the river.,3)The dog _(tie)to the tree got angry.,polluted,swimming,tied,4)The machine _(make)in China has been sent to America.,5)Who were those people _(wait)outside?,made,waiting,The question_ at the,meeting yesterday is very,important.,The question _ now at the,meeting is very important.,The question_ tomorrow,is very important.,A.discussing,B.discussed,C.being discussed,D.to be discussed,3.,分词结构作宾补,分词作宾补主要出现在特定的动词后,Exercises:,用分词的正确形式填空：,1.I noticed the young lady _(steal)into the office building.,2.I heard the poem _(read)aloud.,stealing,being r,ead,4.Ill have a car _(wait)for you outside the hotel.,3.My father had both his legs _(break)in the accident.,5.The horse was kept _(run)over four hours.,broken,waiting,running,4.,分词结构作状语：,分词结构作状语，可表示时间,原因，条件，让步，伴随和补充说明等，这时分词结构相当于一个状语从句。,_from the mountain,we can,see our school.,_from the mountain,our school,is very small.,Seeing,Seen,Crossing the road,he was run over by a car.,Having done their home-work,the students left the classroom.,Having been wounded by the noble,the boy died a few days later.,Not knowing English,he could not understand the film.,Having lived in Shanghai,many,years,he knows the place well.,Given more time,we could do it better.,Working hard all the year round,the poor peasant couldnt afford to send his children to school.,The six blind men stood all day by the roadside,begging for money.,Exercises:,用分词改写下列句子：,When it is seen from the hill,the town looks beautiful.,2.As he didnt know how to work out the problem,he went to ask the teacher.,1.The _(frighten)girl sat in the corner,_(cry).,2._(leave)the airport,they waved again and again to us.,用分词的正确形式填空：,frightened,crying,Leaving,3._(build)in 1922,the bridge is old.,4.The professor came into the office,_(follow)a stranger.,5._(lead)by the hunter,we went through the forest.,Built,following,Led,三、独立结构,在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,否则它必须有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为,:,独 立 结 构,If we are given more time,we will,have an outing tomorrow,If time permits,we will have an,outing tomorrow.,After we finish the supper,we,started to discuss the picnic.,After supper was finished,we,started to discuss the picnic.,The shower being over,we continued to march.,So many students being absent,we decided to put the meeting off.,The composition written,he handed it to the teacher,.,With,复合结构,He was asleep,with his head on,his arms.,He stared at her,with his mouth,open.,I would miss the train,with no one,to wake me up.,With winter coming on,its time to,buy warm clothes.,如何判断独立主格结构和分词短语,Having finished his work,he went home,in a hurry.,b.The,moon appearing,we decided to,spend the night at the foot of mountain.,分词短语作状语,独立主格结构作状语,看其状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语是否,相同。相同者为分词短语作状语，,不同者为独立主格结构作状语,。,Having done his work,he went to,bed.,His work having been done,he,went to bed.,2.,看分词前有没有名词或代词。,没有者为分词短语，,有者为独立主格结构。,3.,看分词前有无,with,或,without,，,没有者为分词短语作状语，,有者则为独立主格结构。,Getting up late,Tom didn,t catch,the first bus.,b.With the cup broken,the child was,crying.,c.Without anyone noticing,I slipped,through the window.,现在分词与过去分词的两大差别,1,、现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在于语态上：现在分词表,主动,，过去分词表,被动,。,2,、现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表,进行,，过去分词表,完成,。,何为主动关系、被动关系？,He hurt his leg badly.,主动关系,：主语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系，即,主谓关系,。,被动关系,：宾语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系，即,动宾关系,。,把握主、被动关系的前提,能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。,即明白与哪个词去判断主、被动关系。,分 词 的 逻 辑 主 语,分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的,而是“活”的,-,随着分词所作语法成分的不同，其逻辑主语位置也不同,，,所以确定逻辑主语前首先要确定分词的语法成分。,1,作状语时,Seeing the teacher come in,all the students stood up.,Heated,the metal expands.,分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子主语。,2,作宾补时,I saw him reading last night.,His wife found his hair dyed black.,分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。,3,作表语时,The film is moving.,The visitors looked surprised.,分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。,4,作定语时,This is an interesting book.,The people invited to the party,cant come.,分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词,（即中心词）。,5,用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与,with,复合结构中）,With the task completed,we went out to take some fresh air.,It being Sunday,they had no classes.,分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的主语,分词所作成分,分词的逻辑主语,状语,主语,表语,宾补,宾语,定语,被修饰词,复合结构,复合结构中的主语,分 词 的 逻 辑 主 语一览表,确定分词的使用的具体步骤,1,、根据句子结构确定分词的语,法成分,2,、找准逻辑主语,3,、判断主、被动关系,4,、选定现在或过去分词,要养成“分析句子成分,-,寻找逻辑主语,-,判断主被动关系”这一思维定势,Exercises:,1._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.,A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given,2.Climbing mountains was _,so we all felt _.,A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired,3.The _ morning,the father came into the lonely house,_ by his naughty boy.,A.following;following B.followed;followed,C.following;followed D.followed;following,4._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-,storeyed,building,Beijing looks more magnificent.,A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen,5.,Mrs,White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well _ care of in the nursery.,A.looked;taken B.looking;taken,C.looked;took D.looking;taking,6.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way home,but unfortunately for me,I found my,colour,TV set _ when I got home.,A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing,7._ better attention,the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light.,A.Giving;given B.Given;given C.Giving;giving D.Given;giving,8._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then.,A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding,C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held,9._ but he still can not understand it.,A.Told many times B.Having been told many times,C.He has been told many times D.Telling him many times,D.Though he had been told many times,10.On hearing the _ news,I was too _ to sleep.,A.exciting;excited B.excited;exciting,C.exciting;exciting D.excited;excited,11._ rapidly by the body,sugar provides a quick energy source.,A.Digested B.Digesting C.To digest D.Having digested,12.The eighteen-,storeyed,building,when _,will shut out the sun _ up the rooms in my house.,A.completed;lighted B.completing;lighting,C.completing;lighted D.completed;lighting,13.The special medicine for the disease was difficult to find though _ everywhere.,A.sought B.having sought C.being sought D.having been sought,14.With you _ by,I cant say any more.,stand B.stood C.standing D.to stand,15.Taking this kind of medicine,if _,will surely produce side effect.,A.continue B.having continued C.continuing D.continued,16._ the answer,Tom,who asked the question,still stood with his hand _.,A.Giving,raised B.Given,raised,C.Given,risen D.Giving,rising,17.With,winter_on,its time to buy warm clothes.,A.came B.comes C.come D.coming,18._the office,the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.,A.Having shown B.Showing,C.Has shown D.Having been shown,19.The wallet _ several days ago was found _ in the dustbin outside the building.,A.stolen,hidden B.stealing,hiding,C.stealing,hidden D.stolen,hiding,20.The ground is _ with _ leaves.,A.covering,falling B.covered,falling,C.covered,fallen D.covering,fallen,