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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Sailing the Oceans,Unit 2,the Arctic Ocean,the Indian Ocean,the Pacific Ocean,the Atlantic Ocean,Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.,Explanation,1.navigator,n.,导航者,领航员,navigate,vi.,航行,航海,航空,vt.,航行于,驾驶,操纵,使通过,They,navigated,with difficulty through the crowd.,他们在人群中坚难行进。,navigation,n.,航海，航行,navigational,adj.,航海的，航行的,What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer?,Navigator,sea,nautical instruments,find new islands or continents,Navigator,is somebody who finds the position and plots the course of a ship using maps and instruments.,Explorer,land,use of compass and landmarks,find new places within an already identified island or continent,Explorer,is somebody who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it.,Very often navigators are also explorers.,Zheng He,the most famous Chinese navigator,lived from 1371 to 1433 and made seven voyages around the South China Sea,visiting more than thirty countries.The people there gave him a warm welcome.And he not only spread Chinese culture,but also,developed many trade links,with the other countries.,Marco Polo,was the only person to provide information about China to the outside world.His journey around Asia lasted 24 years.He reached further than any of his predecessors,travelling beyond Mongolia and into China.Finally he wrote his adventures down and his book was published and became a best-seller.,James Cook,1728,年出生在,英国,北部的一个村庄。,10,多岁时他第一次随船出海。他于,1775,年加入皇家海军，此后成为了一名航海和制图专家。,1768,年，库克受命担任,英国皇家海军太平洋考察队,队长。在其后的,10,年间，他带领考察队进行了,3,次史诗般的航行，足迹遍及未知的太平洋，揭开了地球上最大水域的地理秘密。,库克访问过,塔布担,、,澳大利亚,、,新西兰,、,马克萨斯群岛,、,夏威夷,、,复活节岛,和,威廉王子湾,等地，并为这些地方绘制了地图；狂风暴雨、惊涛骇浪、冰山、珊瑚礁、热带酷暑和南极严寒等艰难险阻，不断地向他袭来，直到,1779,年他惨死在夏威夷岛民手中。在人们的记忆中，库克船长是,“水手中的水手”，,在探险史上，还没有哪个人可与他的成就相媲美，世界地图将永远带着他的印记。,Reading,compass,astrolabe,The astrolabe,measures the height and position of the sun.If you can measure this accurately,a sailor can tell how many degrees the boat is from the North Pole.From this he can tell where the boat is in the ocean.,sextant,The sextant,is a navigational instrument for measuring the angle between the horizon and some object in the sky.,quadrant,nautical chart,Nautical charts,are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the oceans.They provide modern sailors with routes through the seas,rather like roads through the countryside.The information began to be collected in the nineteenth century and has continued to be updated ever since.,Reading,1.How many skills are mentioned to help the navigators explore the seas?,2.What is the first and most useful form of exploration and has the minimum risk?,3.What does seaweed look like when it is near land?,4.When did seaman use fog to help identify the posision of a stream or river?,1.How many skills are mentioned to help the navigators explore the seas?,5 skills,2.What is the first and most useful form of exploration and has the minimum risk?,Using nature to help keeping alongside the coastline,is the first and most useful form of exploration and has the minimum risk?,3.What does seaweed look like when it is near land?,It looks fresh and has strong smell.,4.When did seamen use fog to help identify the position of a stream or river?,When they were close to land,they use fog to help.,Ture or False?,1.Before the 17th century,the travellers were at the control of the sea without modern navigational aids.,2.Early sailors could use the height of the sun to work out their latitude.,3.Wind could accelerate sailing speed and it was always safe and easy to use.,F,T,F,Please complete the following blanks using the information of the text book.,1)Seamen explored the oceans by using _ and navigational _.,2)Using nature navigators could keep alongside the _,use such celestial bodies as North Star to _ their positions,as the sun overhead to _ by,as clouds over islands to indicate land close by.,nature,instrument,coastline,plot,navigate,3)Wildlife,especially _ could tell how far or close the ship was to land and _ could be used to show the way.Fog could help identify the _ of a stream or river and winds direct the sailing.Certain tides and currents could be used to carry ships to the _.,seaweed,Sea bird,position,destination,Reading,1.How many navigational instruments are mentioned in search of longitude and latitude?,A.4 B.5 C.6 D.7,2.There are 2 methods to find longitude,what are they?,3.What does the word“random”in“Finding latitude”stand for?,A.organized B.intentional,C.arbitrary D.planned,B,C,4,.Without secure method of measuring longitude before the 17th century,the British sailors really knew_.,A.how to estimate longitude using speed and time.,B.how to measure speed involved throwing a knotted rope.,C.how to count the knots as a ship advanced through the water.,D.how to deal with the compass to calculate longitude,A,5.We can infer from the passage_.,A.Earliest seamen explored the oceans since latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ships position.,B.The first seamen began to use navigational instruments to find longitude instead of using nature.,C.In history of sailing the oceans,man mainly used nature to sail before navigational instruments were made.,C,Ture or False?,1.Seamen cant sail the sea if they dont know latitude and longitude.,2.The compass always indicate the North Pole,and seamen could find the direction that the ship needed to go with its help.,3.The bearing circle was the first instrument to measure position between the sun and the ship.,F,T,F,4.The astrolabe was a special instrument to tell the distance among the ship,the sun and stars.,5.The quadrant was awkward to handle and used a moving ship as a fixed point of reference.,6.The sextant proved to be the most accurate and reliable one among the early navigational instrument.,F,F,T,Please complete the following blanks using the information of the text book.,1.Navigational instruments helped the sailor to find _.They used the compass to calculate longitude and find the _ for the ship to go.,2.The _ was the first instrument to measure the suns position.,3.The astrolabe could tell the position of the _ in relation to the _ and stars.,longitude,direction,bearing circle,ship,sun,4.The quadrant measured how high stars were above the _ and the sextant was the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant,measuring the _ between two fixed objects outside the ship.It _ to be the most accurate and reliable of the earlier _ instruments.,horizon,angle,proved,navigational,1.How,do you think,seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were,invented,?,在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前,你认为航海员是怎样探路的,?,Explanation on P11,“,特殊疑问词,+do you think,”,双重疑问句结构,.,(,believe,guess,suppose,也可用于此结构,),翻译：你认为他发生了什么事？,What,do you suppose,has happened to him?,翻译：我认为他不会来,I dont think he will come,I think he will not come,正,误,I dont think he will come,在,I think,believe,guess,suppose/imagine,等词的句式中,如果从句有否定,否定词应该前移,即否定转移。,反意疑问句：,1.I believe he is an honest man,_?,2.We dont think Tom has broken the regulations,_?,3.Mary guessed his father must have bought her a beautiful shirt,_?,isnt he?,has he,didnt she,1.I dont think the boy is a student,_?,2.We think it is better for us to go home now _?,is he,反意疑问句的陈述部分的主语是第一人称时,不管否定还是肯定，疑问部分都要和从句一致,。,isnt it,3.He believed Mary could do it well,_?,didnt he,3.He believed Mary could do it well,_?,反意疑问句的陈述部分为,非第一人称,+think,(believe,suppose,consider)+that,从句时,疑问部分要和主句保持一致,.,TheyallthinkthatEnglish is very important,dontthey,?,Hedidnt thinkthatthe news was true,didhe,?,didnt he,1.Ithinkthathehasdonehisbest,_?,2.She doesnt think you are a good boy,_?,3.WethinkthatEnglish is very useful,_?,4.He thinks you can do better,_?,hasnt he,does she,doesnt he,isnt it,5.The boy must have got there yesterday,_?,6.You used to go to school on foot,_?,didnt he,didnt you/,usednt you,invent,vt.,发明,创作,;,虚构,杜撰,Alexander Graham Bell,invented,the telephone in 1876.,The whole story was,invented,.,inventor,n.,发明家,创造者,invention,n,发明,创造,;,发明物,discover,：,invent,：,1.Gilbert _electricity,but,2.Edison _the electric light bulb.,3.Who _America?,4.Who _the computer?,客观存在,被人发现,客观没有,被人发明,discovered,invented,discovered,invented,吉尔伯特发现了电,爱迪生发明了电灯,.,谁发现了美洲？,谁发明了电脑？,2.work out,See if you can,work out,this bill.,The plot is so complicated that itll take you a while to,work,it,out,.,I cant,work out,Geoff;one day hes friendly,the next day he ignores me completely.,I havent,worked out,whos going to look after the kids tonight.,计算,弄明白,明白,计划,2.work out,to calculate an answer,amount,price,or value,计算,to think about sth.and manage to understand it,设法弄懂,to think carefully about how you are going to do sth.and plan a good way of doing it,精心制定出,安排,1.We,may well,wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude,made it possible to plot,a ships position on a map.,在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。,Reading,Page 1,may/might well,很可能，极有可能,These are excellent photographs and we,may well,use them in our magazine.,这些是很不错的照片,我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上,.,You,might well,find that youll need more by the weekend.,到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西,.,主语,+think,feel,make,consider+it+,n,./,adj.,+for,of sb.to do(,其中,it,为形式宾语,for/of,引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,),我认为学好英语对他很重要。,我已经表明我反对这个计划。,I think it important for him to learn English well,I have made it clear that I object to the plan.,3.The,voyages,of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not,at the mercy of,the sea,even though,they did not have modern navigational aids.,17,世纪前的海上航行表明,即使没有现代航海术的帮助,旅行者也没有受大海的支配,.,travel,泛指“旅行”,词义广泛,可指长期,/,短期,不论何种目的,/,工具,表示抽象意义的“旅行”也可用,travel.,He came back home after years of foreign,travel,.,trip,指,短期,的,短程,旅行,尤指,暂时,到外地办理,业务上,的事情。,tour,“,周游,巡视”,常常有根据一定的路线,事先预定,了一些逗留地点,最后仍回到出发地。,journey,多指,陆上,旅行,不用于,指距离很,短的旅行,。,voyage,多指,“乘船作海上旅行”,outing,一般指,(,愉块的,),短程,旅行,郊游。,1)He has just returned from his _.,2)Mother took me downtown on a shopping _.,3)He visited the countries on good-will _.,4)He is away on a _.,5)He made a _ to American by ship.,travel,trip,tours,journey,voyage,6)I will go for an _ tomorrow.,7)When I gave up work,I shall take a long sea _.,8)She made a round _ of 90 miles a day.,outing,voyage,trip,They have got everything ready to make a _ across the Atlantic.,A.,trip B.travel,C.voyage D.tour,voyage,n.,/,vi.,航海,航行,The,voyage,from England to India used to take six months.,过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。,go on/make/take a sea voyage,去航海旅行,voyager,n.,航行者,航海者,at the mercy of:,without any protection against;helpless before,任由,摆布,;,在,面前无助,They were lost at sea,at the mercy of,wind and weather.,I dont like to be,at the mercy of,such a man.,我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。,have mercy on/show mercy to,对,表示怜悯,The terrorists,showed no mercy to,the hostages.,without mercy,毫不留情地,The mother left the dying baby in the hospital,without mercy,.,Its a mercy(that),(,口,),幸运的是,幸亏,(,用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运,),Its a mercy,the accident happened so near the hospital.,幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。,Its a mercy,she wasnt seriously hurt.,4.minimum(min),adj.,最小的,最低的,n.,最小值,最小化。,其反义词为,maximum(max),adj.,最高的,最多的,最大极限的,n.,最大量,最大限度,极大,The,minimum,requirements for the job,are a degree and two years experience.,该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年,的工作经验。,You must get a,minimum,of 40,questions right to pass the examination.,你最少必须答对,40,道题才能通过考试。,keep/reduce sth.to a minimum,将某物保持在,/,降低到最低限度,The school manages to keep bullying to a,minimum,.,学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行为。,The,maximum,number of students in each class is 58.,每个班学生人数的最高限额是,58,名。,We must make,maximum,use of the resources available.,我们必须最大限度地利用可得到的资源。,Temperature will reach a,maximum,of 40 here.,这儿的最高气温将达,40,摄氏度。,5.plot v./n.,plotted,plotting,plots,n.,小块土地,地区图,图,秘密计划,(,特指阴谋,),(,小说的,),情节,.,结构,vt.,划分,绘图,密谋,vi.,密谋,策划,They,plotted,the overthrow of the government.,6.,nowhere,adv.,无处,We can go,nowhere,.,我们没地方可去。,This animal is found in Australia,and,nowhere,else.,这种动物只在澳大利亚找得到,别的地方没有,.,(NMET2004,年辽宁,26),Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else _ such a beautiful place.,A.can you find B.you could find C.you can find D.could you find,A,nowhere else,是否定词，以否定词开头的句子要倒装。根据上一个句子的谓语动词可确定用一般现在时。,7.offshore,adj./adv.,向海面吹的,离岸的,海面上的,海上,/,下作业的,offshore workers,海上作业的工人,offshore bank/company/investment,境外银行,/,公司,/,投资,offshore wind/current,从陆地吹向海面的风,/,离岸的潮流,The storm moved,offshore,.,风暴离岸移动。,A boat moored,offshore,.,船在近海下锚。,8.accelerate,v.,to(cause to)move faster,加速,促进,She,accelerated,her car and passed the bus in front.,她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。,The car suddenly,accelerated.,那辆车突然开始加速。,9.,到达目的地,arrive at/reach ones,destination,一个深受大众喜爱的度假胜地,a popular holiday/tourist,destination,10,.secure,-,insecure,adj,adj.,安全的,可靠的,放心的,无虑的,v.,保护,使安全,Our house is,secure,from flood.,我们的房子没有被淹的危险。,Some measures are needed to,secure,the bank from a flood.,这道堤防需要采取一些措施,免得被洪水冲坏。,Some measures are needed to,secure,the bank from a flood.,secure sth.from/against,:protect sth.from/against,security,n.,安全,保安,保护,Security,was tight during the Olympic Games.,奥运会期间,保安工作十分严密。,For,security,reasons the visitors were searched.,为了安全起见,来宾受到了检查。,10.,involve v.=entail,包含,(,必然部分,/,结果,),involve/entail (doing)sth,.,学好英语需要十分艰苦的努力。,Learning English well,involves,a lot of hard work.,involve sb.in(doing)sth.,使某人参与,/,牵涉某事,翻译：父母应当参与孩子的教育。,Parents should,involve,themselves,in,their childs education.,involve sb.in sth.,别把别人牵涉到你的麻烦里,。,Dont,involve,other people in our trouble.,12.advance v.,前进,;,使,前进,;,将,推向前,The army,advanced,on the city.,军队向城市进军,.,翻译,:,他所做的将促进世界和平事业,.,What he has done will,advance,the cause of world peace.,反义词,:retreat,Guess:1.Working hard will,advance,your study.,Our knowledge of English,has advanced,over the last two years.,2 He asked his employer to,advance,him a months salary,.,3 Scientists,have advanced,a new theory,to explain this phenomenon.,促进,vt.,进步,vi.,预支,vt.,提出,(,看法,建议等,),4.The date of the meeting,has been advanced,from 3 to 10 June.,n.,预先，事先；超前,adj.,事先通知,in advance(of sth.),give sb.advance warning of sth.,提前,13.random adj.,随意的,;,任意的,make a,random,choice,任意选择,She opened the book,at random,and started reading.,她随意翻开书就看了起来。,at random,随意,任意,The travelers at the airport were searched,at random,.,(,搜查人员对,),机场上的旅客随便选几个人加以搜查。,14.reference n.,参考,查阅,;,提及,refer v.(referred,referred),At the meeting the teacher made,references,to his heroic deeds.,在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹,make(no)reference to sth.,(,没有,),提及,These are,reference,books for teachers.,这些是教师参考书。,refer,v,.,提到,涉及,查阅,咨询,The teacher often,refers,her pupils,to,this dictionary.,老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。,Her pupils often,refer to,this dictionary.,她的学会经常查这本字典。,Dont,refer to,it again.,别再提那件事。,15.precise adj.clear and accurate,precision,n,.,精确,(,性,),精密,(,度,),A lawyer needs a,precise,mind.,律师需要一丝不苟的精神。,A camera is an instrument of,precision,.,照相机是一种精密仪器。,16.,simplify v.,简化,simple adj.,简单的,A computer,simplifies,our work.,电脑简化了我们的工作。,请简化说明,以便读者能容易读懂,.,Simplify,the instructions so that the readers can understand them easily.,17.portable,adj,.,轻便的,手提,(,式,),的,便携式的,a,portable,typewriter,提式打字机,a,portable,generator,便携式发电机,18.,update v.,更新,The engineer is updating the computer system.,工程师正在更新电脑系统。,我们的软件应该更新了。,Its about time we,updated,our software.,update sb.on sth.,向,提供最新的信息
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