汉译英词类互换法与代换法.ppt

*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,汉译英词类互换法与代换法,词类互换法是汉译英最常用的方法之一。由于汉语和英语是两种完全不同的语言，因此在翻译时不能按照原文的词类机械地照搬不误。例如汉语运用动词的场合较多，译成英语时，不一定也用动词，而可以用介词或名词。如果我们运用得当，就可以使译文更加符合英语的习惯用法，读起来通顺流畅，明白易懂。,静态的英语与动态的汉语,英语趋向与少用动词（原因是英语可以有很多手段体现动词的功能），,而汉语倾向于多用动词。,汉语的动词转换成英语介词或介词短语,联合国的大多数成员国都不赞成所谓“人权”的提案。,A great majority of member nations in the United Nations were not in,favour,of the so-,called“human,rights”proposal,.,（动词,介词短语）,他们不顾一切艰难险阻，勇往直前。,They kept going forward courageously in spite of all dangers and difficulties.,（动词,介词短语）,汉语的动词转换成英语的名词,在这所敬老院里，所有的老人都受到很好的照顾。,In this Retirement Center for the Aged,all the senior citizens are taken good care of.,（动词,名词；副词,形容词）,司机违反任何交通规则都要受到警察的罚款。,Violation of any traffic rules by the drivers will be fined by the police.(,动词,名词,),要制止青少年犯罪，首先应加强思想教育和严格查禁黄色书刊和吸毒。,To check juvenile delinquency,first of all,we should intensify our moral education and a strict ban of drugs and pornographic books and periodicals must be placed.,（动词,名词；副词,形容词）,汉语的动词转换成英语的形容词,获悉贵国南方地区遭受水灾，国际红十字会深表关切，为此，特向你们捐赠以下救济物资。,The International Red Cross is deeply concerned at the news that a big flood has hit the southern areas of your county.The following relief items will be specially denoted for this purpose.,要是你们只满足于现状，你们就不能在竞争中求得发展。,You cannot survive in the competition for further development,if you are only content with things as they are.,汉语的名词转换成英语的动词,我对这个城市的绿化留下很深的印象。,I was deeply impressed by the,afforestation,plan of this city.,成都工艺美术品厂的产品主要特点是工艺精湛，价廉物美。,The products of,Chengdu,Arts&Crafts Factory are mainly featured by their fine workmanship and reasonable price.,汉语的形容词或副词转换成英语的名词,在全国卫生城市的评比中，成都已消除了脏、乱、差的现象。,In the nationwide evaluation of clean cities,Chengdu,has got rid of all its uncleanness,disorder and discourtesy.,街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。（巴金,家,）,Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a dusk of gloomy grey.,其他词类的转换,随着生产的发展，群众生活水平的提高，人民的购买力将逐步增长。,The purchasing power of the whole people will increase step by step as production grows and the living standard of the masses is improved.,（形容词,名词；名词,动词）,我国高科技发展的实践，再一次证明了这位科学家的论断完全正确。,The practice of the high-tech development in China once more bears out how absolutely correct is the inference of this scientist.,（形容词,副词；名词,形容词）,中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。,The strength,prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries.,A strong,prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.,名词,形容词,我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友而且成为兄弟。,The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers.,Our relations have so grown that they bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.,名词,动词（英文味道更浓厚）,汉译英除了常运用词类转换法（,conversion,）外，我们还可用代换法（,substitution,）来进行翻译。汉语里同一个名词（尤其是当这个名词指事物的时候）常常重复使用，英语里则多用代词替换，有时可以不译出。除代词外，英语里还可用一些其他词语来代换。,英译汉并不比汉译英容易。,Translation from English into Chinese is not easier than the other way around.,我们这本书主要讲汉译英而不讲英译汉的基本技巧。,This book deals with the basic skills of translation from Chinese into English not vice versa.,