高三英语二轮复习-第一板块第十三讲特殊句式课件.ppt

第十三讲,特殊句式,1,对于感叹句、祈使句、反意疑问句和否定句的考查主要从以下几个方面进行：,(1),感叹句的考查要点是,what,与,how,引导的感叹句作为宾语从句出现在试题中，其难点有两方面：一是复数名词或不可数名词前面用,what,还是,how,；二是感叹句的语序。,(2),祈使句的主要考点是：根据句式特点判断是祈使分句还是状语成分；祈使句,and/or,结果分句。,(3),反意疑问句主要考查主从复合句和并列句后面的反意疑问句。,(4),否定句的考查主要是对于部分否定句的辨认。,2,对省略句的考查主要从以下几个方面进行：,(1),省略主语、主语和谓语、主语和谓语的一部分；,(2),不定式符号,to,的省略；,(3),状语从句中主语和谓语动词部分的省略；,(4),不定式中动词的省略；,(5)not,，,so,，,neither,，,nor,的,“,替代性,”,省略。,3,对倒装句的考查主要从以下几个方面入手：,(1),含有否定意味的词置于句首时，部分倒装；,(2)only,状语位于句首时，部分倒装；,(3)so/such.that,句型中，,so/such,位于句首时，,so/such,后的主句倒装，,that,从句不倒装。,4,对主谓一致的考查重点是：,(1),主语,as well as/together with,名词,/,代词；,(2)not only.but(also),.,，,neither.nor.,，,either.or.,连接两个主语；,(3)means,，,works,等词汇作主语。,5,强调句型的考查重点是：,(1),强调句型的疑问句形式。,(2),对,not until,的强调。,2012,年高考将注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起，强调学生综合把握语法知识的能力。,1,(2011,全国卷,),Try_she might,Sue couldn,t get the door open.,A.if,B.when,C.since D.as,解析,考查倒装句。,as,引导的让步倒装句要采用倒装。,答案,D,2,(2011,全国卷,),Only when he reached the tea,house_it was the same place he,d been in last year.,A.he realized B.he did realize,C.realized he D.did he realize,解析,考查倒装句。,only,状语置于句首，主句在用部分倒装。,答案,D,3,(2011,福建,),It,s nice.Never before_such a special drink!,I,m glad you like it.,A,I have had B.I had,C.have I had D.had I,解析,考查倒装句。当,never,not,hardly,no sooner,by no means,等否定词出现在句首时，主句要倒装，且采用部分倒装的形式。,答案,C,4,(2011,湖南,),Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours_a decision,A.they reached B.did they reach,C.they reach D.do they reach,解析,考查,only,前置的倒装句。,only,引导状语从句前置，主句主谓要部分倒装。又因为从前文中的,“,had discussed,”,判断出是过去时间，故选,B,。,答案,B,5,(2010,陕西,),John opened the door.There_he had never seen before.,A,a girl did stand B,a girl stood,C,did a girl stand D,stood a girl,解析,此题考查完全倒装。副词,there,，,here,等位于句首，应用完全倒装句式。句意：约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。,答案,D,1,全部倒装,在全部倒装的句子中，要把整个谓语放在主语的前面去而构成倒装语序。,(1),当,there,here,then,now,等副词在句首，且谓语是,come,go,be,等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用写成倒装句。如：,Now,here goes the story.,这个故事是这样的。,Look,there comes the taxi.,瞧，出租车过来了。,Then came another question.,然后又一个问题提出来了。,(2),表示方向或位置的副词或介词短语放到句首，该句要用全部倒装。如：,High up into the sky went the kite.,风筝高高地飞向天空。,2,部分倒装,在部分倒装的句子中，只把谓语的一部分,(,如情态动词、助动词、或是系动词,be),放到主语的前面去，构成倒装语序。,(1),为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用,“,so,be,动词,(,助动词、情态动词,),主语,”,或,“,neither/nor,be,动词,(,助动词、情态动词,),主语,”,的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示,“,与前面所述的肯定情况相同,”,，第二个句式表示,“,与前面所述的否定情况相同,”,。例如：,His brother is a college student;so is mine.,他弟弟是大学生，我弟弟也是。,His brother is not a college student;nor is mine.,他弟弟不是大学生，我弟弟也不是。,(2),具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时,(,除否定词修饰主语外,),，句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有：,not,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,by no means,under no conditionscircumstances,in no way,at no time,no sooner.(than),hardly.(when),not only.(but also),not until.,，等等。如：,Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.,她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。,Not until twelve o,clock did he go to bed last night.,他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。,(3),当,so.that,such.that,中的,so.,和,such.,放在句首时，句子一般要倒装。如：,So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.,形势如此地严峻，每个人都面临着一场考验。,(4)only,修饰的状语放到句首，主句要形成部分倒装。如：,Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.,只有这样，你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。,1,(2011,四川,),Was it on a lonely island_he was saved one month after the boat went down?,A.where,B.that,C.which D.what,解析,考查强调句。此处为强调句的一般疑问句。强调句的一般疑问句构成是：,is/was it,被强调部分,that,其它部分。故选,B,项。句意：他是不是在船沉没后一个月，在那座孤岛上被救起的？,答案,B,2,(2011,陕西,),It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_benefits our work most.,A.who B.which,C.that D.what,解析,考查强调句型。所填词与,it is,构成强调句型，被强调部分是,not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do,，指物，用,that,，选,C,。其余选项与题意不符。,答案,C,3,(2011,重庆,),Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?,Of course,I have.It was in our village_it was made.,A,that B,where,C,when D,which,解析,考查强调句型。所填词与,it was,构成强调句型，被强调部分是地点状语,in our village,，指物，用,that,，选,A,。,答案,A,4,(2011,湖南,),It,s not what we do once in a while_shapes our lives,but what we do consistently.,A,which B.that,C.how D.when,解析,考查强调句型。故选,B,。,答案,B,5,(2010,安徽,),It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village_the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.,A,where B,that,C,when D,which,解析,考查强调句式。被强调部分是,from only a few supplies,；句中的,“,that she had bought in the village,”,是定语从句，修饰先行词,supplies,；句子主干为,the hostess cooked such a nice dinner,。故选,B,项。,答案,B,强调句的基本句型是,“,It is/was,被强调的部分,that/who,其他部分,”,。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。,1,强调人时可用,who,，强调其他任何部分都用,that,It is only children who make such stupid mistakes.,只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。,It was in the street that I met her father.,我是在街上遇见她父亲的。,It was because her mother was ill that she didn,t come to school yesterday.,是因为她妈妈病了她昨天才没来上学的。,2,强调句型的一般疑问句只需将,is/was,提前，特殊疑问句的结构是,“,疑问词,is/was,it,that,从句,”,Was it in 1933 that the Second World War broke out?,第二次世界大战是在,1933,年爆发的吗？,When was it that you called me yesterday?,你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？,3,如果原句中含有,“,not.until,”,，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词,not,连同状语一起提前,It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.,直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。,4,谓语动词的强调,It is/was.that.,结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词,do/does,或,did,。,Do sit down.,务必请坐。,He did write to you last week.,上周他确实给你写了信。,Do be careful when you cross the street.,过马路时，务必,(,千万,),要小心啊！,【专家提醒】,此种强调只用,do/does,和,did,，没有别的形式；过去时用,did,，后面的谓语动词用原形。,1,(2011,全国卷,),Jane won,t join us for dinner tonight and_.,A.neither won,t Tom,B.Tom won,t either,C.Tom will too D.so will Tom,解析,考查省略。,and,后是,Tom won,t join us for dinner tonight,either,的省略形式。英语中为了避免重复，常常采用省略结构。,答案,B,2,(2011,江苏,),It sounds like something is wrong with the car,s engine._,，,we,d better take it to the garage immediately.,A.Otherwise,B.If not,C.But for that D.If so,解析,这道题考查连词。题干前半句说,“,听上去汽车的发动机好像坏了,”,，后面句说,“,我们最好立刻去修理厂,”,，通过简单判断可知，这两个句子之间是顺承的关系，所以应该是,“,如果真的这样的话,(,发动机坏了,),”,。所以正确,答案,为,D,。,答案,D,3,(2010,浙江,),The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,，,if _regularly,，,can improve our health.,A,being carried out B,carrying out,C,carried out D,to carry out,解析,考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语,exercise,与,carry out,之间构成动宾关系，故用,carry out,的过去分词形式,carried out,，此处相当于,if the exercise is carried out regularly,的省略，所以,答案,选,C,项。,答案,C,4,(2010,全国卷,),Though_to see us,，,the professor gave us a warm welcome.,A,surprising B,was surprised,C,surprised D,being surprised,解析,考查省略。前半句是,“,Though he was surprised to see us,”,的省略形式。一般情况下，如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，并且从句的谓语含有,be,动词，通常省略状语从句中的主语和,be,动词。,答案,C,1,在,when,，,while,，,whenever,，,till,，,as soon as,if,，,unless,，,as if,，,though,，,as,等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有,be,动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是,it,时，从句的主语和,be,动词常被省略,Unless(I am)invited,，,I won,t go to the party.,除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。,When(you are)working,，,you must pay attention.,上班时，你必须全神贯注。,Get up early tomorrow,，,if not(you don,t get up early),，,you will miss the first bus.,明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。,2,I,m afraid,，,I think,，,I believe,，,I hope,，,I guess,等作答句，后面跟,so,与,not,分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去,Do you think it will rain?,“,你认为会下雨吗？,”,I hope not(that it will not rain),“,我希望不下。,”,Do you believe our team will win?,“,你相信我们队会赢吗？,”,I guess so.,“,我猜会赢。,”,3,不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号,to,(1),用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在,be afraid,，,glad,，,happy,，,expect,，,forget,，,hope,，,intend,，,like,，,love,，,mean,，,prefer,，,refuse,，,seem,，,try,，,want,，,wish,等的后边。,I asked him to see the film,，,but he didn,t want to.,我请他去看电影，但他不想去。,Will you join in the game?,“,你愿意加入做游戏吗？,”,I,d be glad to.,“,我很高兴加入。,”,(2),如果不定式中含有,be,，,have,，,have been,，通常保留,be,，,have,和,have been,。,Are you a sailor?,“,你是海员吗？,”,No,，,but I used to be.,“,不，但我过去是。,”,4,What if,句式。这一结构用来表达,“,要是,/,即使,怎么办,/,怎么样,”,What if this plan of yours fails?,要是你的计划失败了怎么办？,1,(2011,安徽,),The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which_saved for other purposes.,A.is,B.are,C.was D.were,解析,本题将主谓一致与动词时态一起进行了考查。根据时态题目到题干中找时间标志的方法，我们不难发现,used,是过去时态，句子叙述的发生在过去的事，所以排除,A,和,B,，再根据,the rest of,短语作主语，谓语动词单复数与,of,后的名词保持一致原理，,the raw materials,作主语，谓语动词用复数，,答案,为,D,。,答案,D,2,(2011,湖南,),One,third of the country_covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _black people.,A,is;are B.is;is,C.are;are D.are;is,解析,考查主谓一致。分数，百分数和,the majority of,名词，后面的谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的单复数。,The country,是单数，而,the citizens,是复数，故选,A,。,答案,A,3,(2010,四川,),Such poets as Shakespeare _widely read,，,of whose works,，,however,，,some_difficult to understand.,A,are,；,are B,is,；,is,C,are,；,is D,is,；,are,解析,考查主谓一致。第一空格,poets,为主语，第二空格,some(works),为主语，谓语动词都应该用复数。,答案,A,4,(2010,湖南,),Listening to loud music at rock concerts_caused hearing loss in some teenagers.,A,is B.are,C,has D,have,解析,考查语态和主谓一致。该句是一个含有主谓宾的主动句。其中的主语和宾语均为动名词短语。当动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选,C,项。,答案,C,一、就近一致原则,1,由,or,，,either.or.,，,neither.nor.,，,not only.but also.,等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最邻近的主语在单复数上保持一致。,Neither you nor I am fit for the work.,你和我都不适合这份工作。,Are neither you nor I fit for the work?,你和我都不适合这份工作吗？,【注意】,“,with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than,名词,”,置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。,Henry,，,rather than Jane and John,，,is responsible for the loss.,损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。,2,由,there,，,here,引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。,There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil,box.,文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。,二、意义一致原则,(,一,),谓语动词用单数的情况,1,由连词,and,连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。,The worker and writer is from Wuhan.,那个工人兼作家来自武汉。,2,“,no/each/every/many a,单数名词,and,no/each/every/many a,单数名词,”,作主语。,Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.,每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。,3,非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。,Persuading him to join us seems really hard.,劝他加入我们看起来确实难。,To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.,早睡早起是一个好的习惯。,Whatever was left was taken away.,无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。,【,专家提醒,】,what,引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。,What they need are books.,他们需要的是书。,(,二,),谓语动词用复数的情况,1,由,and,连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。,Both bread and butter are sold out.,面包和黄油都卖完了。,2,people,，,police,，,cattle,等有生命的集体名词作主语。,People read for pleasure during their spare time.,人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。,1,_ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.,A.It was we being late,B.It was our being late,C.It was we were too late,D.It was because we were late,【,易误分析,】,此题容易误选,D,，认为强调的是原因状语从句,because we were late,。,【,名师指津,】,但实际上，此题的答案为,B,，强调的是句子主语,our being late,，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：,Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.,注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构,it is was,.that.,，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的,that,不能充当句子成分。,2,_was very_that little Jim wrote the letter.,A.It,careful,B.It,carefully,C.He,careful D.He,carefully,【,易误分析,】,几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的是,A,，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。,【,名师指津,】,其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为,Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully.,若用,it is.that.,的强调句式强调其中的状语,very carefully,即为上面一题的题干，所以,答案,应选,B,。,3,“,Mary looks hot and dry,”“,So_you if you had so high a fever.,”,A,do B.are,C.will D.would,【,易误分析,】,容易误选,A,或,C,。选,A,，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选,C,，认为其后带有,if,条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。,【,名师指津,】,此题最佳,答案,为,D,。分析如下：,(1),“,so,助动词主语,”,是一个很有用的结构，它表示,“,也一样,”,时。如：,He likes to watch TV,，,and so do I.,他喜欢看电视，我也一样。,When animals and plants disappear,，,so will man.,当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。,(2),由于空格后的,if,条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气,(,这是很重要的信息,),，所以主句要用,would,而不用,will,，即,答案,应选,D,。,4,_smoking,he would not have got cancer in the lung.,A.Was he given up B.Had he given up,C.Did he give D.If he gave up,【,易误分析,】,容易误选,D,。,【,名师指津,】,正确,答案,应选,B,。之所以不能选,D,，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是,would not have got,，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是,had given up,，而不是像,D,项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有,had,，,should,，,were,等词时，通常可以省略,if,，并将,had,，,should,，,were,提前置于句首。又如：,Were they to cease advertising,，,prices would come down.,If they were to cease advertising,，,prices would come down.,如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。,Had I been there,，,I would have filmed the occasion.,If I had been there,，,I would have filmed the occasion.,如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。,5.,“,Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday,？,”,“,It was in the hall_the students often have a meeting.,”,A.where B.which,C.that D.when,【,易误分析,】,很可能误选,C,，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语,in the hall,。,【,名师指津,】,假若选,C,，即有,It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting,，该句的意思是,“,学生们通常是在大厅开会,”,，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是,“,你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的？,”,假若将答句改为,It was in the hall that I found the professor,，则完全可以。,其实，此题的最佳,答案,是,A,，,where the students often have a meeting,为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词,the hall,，句意为,“,是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅,(,找到教授的,),”,，这样语意就通顺了。,6.It was in the small house_was built with stones by his father_he spent his childhood.,A.which,that B.that,which,C.which,which D.that,where,【易误分析】,几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清是强调句型，或即使分清是强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。,【名师指津】,答案,选,A,，第一空填,which,，用以引导定语从句；第二空填,that,，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为,in the small house(,以及修饰它的定语从句,which was built with stones by his father),。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。,7.Was it five o,clock_the fire broke out?,A.when B.that,C.which D.in which,【,易误分析,】,容易误选,B,，误认为这是强调句。,【,名师指津,】,其实，此题应选,A,，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词,it is was,.that.,，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为,Five o,clock the fire broke out,，句子不完整，但若在,five o,clock,前加上介词,at,则可以，因为,at five o,clock,用作时间状语。此题选,A,可分析为：,it,表时间，,when the fire broke out,为时间状语从句，全句意为,“,火灾是,5,点钟发生的吗？,”,比较下面一题,(,答案,选,B,，为强调句,),：,Was it at five o,clock_the fire broke out?,A.when B.that,C.which D.in which,8,The League secretary and monitor_asked to make a speech at the meeting.,A,is B,was,C,are D,were,【,易误分析,】,本题易误选,D,。,【名师指津】,答案,B,。先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除，,A,，,C,。因为,The League secretary and monitor,好像是两个人，但仔细辨别，,monitor,前没有,the,，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用,and,相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选,B,。,9,The dictionary is really useful.Every boy and girl_it and they each_to buy one.,A,like,；,want B,likes,；,wants,C,likes,；,want D,like,；,wants,【,易误分析,】,容易误选,D,。认为第一空填复数动词，因为其主语是,boy and girl,，为复数；第二空填单数动词，因为其前有,each,，表示,“,每一个,”,。,【,名师指津,】,事实上，此题应选,C,。因为按英语习惯，,every,后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，即第一空填,likes,；而第二空要填复数动词,want,，是因为其前的主语是,they,而不是,each(each,为主语的同位语,),。,10,In fact,，,_one cause that leads to the problem.,A,cattle is B,cattle are,C,cattles are D,the cattles are,【,易误分析,】,此题容易误选,A,，想当然地认为,cattle,是单数，并且空格有表单数的,one,，自然谓语动词用,is,。,【,名师指津,】,其实，正确,答案,为,B,。,cattle(,牲畜，牛,),为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾,s,，却永远表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：,For this many cattle were killed.,为此宰了不少牲畜。,The prisoners were herded like cattle.,囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。,类似的，,police(,警察,),，,people(,人,),，,poultry(,家禽,),等也具有同样用法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与,a(n),连用，但可与,the,连用,(,表示总括意义和特指,),。如：,The poultry have been fed.,家禽已经喂过饲料了。,In Britain police do not usually carry guns.,在英国警察通常不带枪。,It annoys me when people forget to say,“,thank you,”,.,遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。,1,_ read newspapers for pleasure,but also to improve their minds.,A.Not only old men,B.Not only old men do,C.Not only do old men D.Old men not only do,解析,句意是：老人读报纸不仅是为了愉乐，也是为了增进他们的脑力。,not only,放在第一个分句前面，该分句要用部分倒装，助动词,do,提到主语,old men,前面。,答案,C,2,_rapid progress has he made that we all admire him.,A.Very B.So,C.Such D.Too,解析,句意是：他取得了那么大的进步，以至于我们都钦佩他。题干是部分倒装，能引导这种倒装的只有,so.that.,和,such.that.,，,progress,是不可数名词，只能用,such,修饰。,答案,C,3.Rarely_so heavily in South China as it did this winter.,A.does it snow B.it snows,C.did it snow D.it snowed,解析,句意是：在中国的南方下雪很少像今年冬季那样大。否定副词,rarely,放到句首，句子要用部分倒装，另外，本句叙述的是一般的规律，所以要用一般现在时，用助动词,does,放在主语,it,前面。,答案,A,4,Where did you get to know the professor over there?,It was at the workshop_we did research together two years ago.,A.that B.there,C.which D.where,解