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1National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)2National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)Published by:Ministry of EconomyMenara PrismaNo.26,Persiaran Perdana,Precint 3Federal Government Administrative Centre62675 Putrajaya,Malaysia 603 8090 2090|ukkekonomi.gov.my|ekonomi.gov.myPublishers CopyrightAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,copied,stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means-electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording or otherwise,without prior permission of the Ministry of Economy,Malaysia.3National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)Foreword.4 Foreword by Prime Minister.4 Preface by Minister of Economy.6Executive Summary.8Section 1:Introduction.9 The Domestic Energy Landscape.10Section 2:Case for Malaysias Energy Transition.11 Malaysias Carbon Footprint.11 The Global Race Towards Net-Zero.12 The Benefits of Energy Transition.13 Malaysias Policy Responses.13Section 3:National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR).15 Guiding Principles.18 Review of Renewable Energy Policies.19 Complementary Plans.20Section 4:Energy Transition Ambition And Macro Position.21 Energy System Pathway.23 Socioeconomic Outcomes.24Section 5:Energy Transition Levers and Key Initiatives.28 Energy Efficiency.29 Renewable Energy.32 Hydrogen.36 Bioenergy.40 Green Mobility.42 Carbon Capture,Utilisation and Storage.49Section 6:NETR Flagship Catalyst Projects And Initiatives.52Section 7:Cross-Cutting Enablers.56 Financing and Investments.57 Policy and Regulations.60 Human Capital and Just Transition.61 Technology and Infrastructure.63 Governance and Implementation.64Section 8:Conclusion.65Abbreviation.66Table ofContents4National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)As we embark on the journey to build a better Malaysia,the progress that we pursue goes beyond strong institutions,leading technology and world-class infrastructure.The main objective is focused on empowering the rakyat,so Malaysians will emerge as a cohesive society with high integrity,mutual respect and unity.One of the key principles of Malaysia MADANI is sustainability,which broadly relates to growing responsibly in the realm of energy transition and sustainable development.Ergo,the National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)is pivotal to accelerating our green and sustainable growth agenda.The NETR is a significant milestone for Malaysia,which comprehensively charts our nations trajectory towards a brighter,cleaner,and more resilient future.In line with the Ekonomi MADANI framework,it is a declaration of the countrys commitment to future generations and a testament to our resolve in addressing the pressing challenges of our times.The Twelfth Malaysia Plan,spanning the years 2021 to 2025,and the National Energy Policy 2022-2040,have laid the groundwork while the NETR will ensure Malaysia forges ahead in this transformative journey.Against the backdrop of a dynamic global energy landscape mired with the energy trilemma of security,affordability,and sustainability at its core,the world is racing for solutions.Malaysia too is resolute in overcoming these challenges and the NETR demonstrates our unwavering determination in this regard.Reducing Malaysias carbon footprint is one of the catalysts to transforming the economy on a more sustainable path.It is also an agenda to generate new sources of growth,creating business and trade opportunities,and consequently,knowledge workers.Foreword by Prime Minister5National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)In the pursuit of a net-zero future,the journey requires not just technological innovation,but a comprehensive shift in our mindset,strategies,and policies.The NETR encapsulates the aspirations of all stakeholders,from industry leaders,to ordinary Malaysians who envisions a harmonious coexistence with our planet.It reiterates Malaysias commitment to social justice,inclusivity,and balanced progress.On this momentous journey,it is important to remember that the transition to a low-carbon future is not merely a policy objective but a moral imperative.It is a commitment to the well-being of our children and the generations to come.It is an investment in the sustainability of our communities,our industries,and our environment.Through NETR,the government aspires to trailblaze a development path that is not solely hinged on energy,but a larger collective resolve of stewardship and responsibility.In all sincerity,I trust that NETR will inspire us to take bold steps,to forge collaborations,and to harness our collective strength in the pursuit of a sustainable and prosperous future.It affirms that progress and sustainability are not mutually exclusive and requires critical decisions and changes to be made.I urge each and every Malaysian,to be united and resolute as envisioned in the Malaysia MADANI,to march forward and lead towards a more sustainable and resilient future.ANWAR BIN IBRAHIM29 August 20236National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)Preface by Minister of EconomyThe Twelfth Malaysia Plan,spanning 2021-2025(Twelfth Plan),articulates our commitment to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2050.Concurrently,the National Energy Policy 2022-2040(DTN)lays the foundation for an equitable energy transition that is fair and inclusive for everyone.Globally,the energy sector faces a rapid transformation while balancing the energy trilemma of security,affordability,and sustainability.Energy transition is also gaining momentum both domestically and internationally.To accelerate our energy transition efforts,we have developed the National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR).This roadmap is vital for steering Malaysias shift from traditional fossil fuels-based economy to a high-value green economy.The NETR requires a whole-of-nation approach,encompassing federal and state governments,industry,general public,and international community.Ten flagship catalyst projects of the NETR,which cover six energy transition levers namely,energy efficiency(EE),renewable energy(RE),hydrogen,bioenergy,green mobility,and carbon capture,utilisation and storage(CCUS)was launched on July 27th 2023.These flagship projects are 7National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)expected to attract investment of more than RM25 billion,create 23,000 job opportunities and reduce GHG emissions by more than 10,000 Gg CO2eq per year.Additionally,the NETR establishes the pathway for national energy mix,GHG emission reduction and energy transition initiatives.This reinforces Malaysias commitment to net-zero emissions as early as 2050 despite contributing only 0.8%to global GHG.By 2050,NETR initiatives are expected to deliver 32%reduction in GHG emissions for the energy sector compared to the 2019 baseline reaching 4.3 MtCo2eq emission per capita.The Ministry has undertaken an extensive consultative approach involving policymakers,industry stakeholders,technology experts,and businesses to analyse and appraise best practices,lessons learned,and both existing and proposed initiatives.As we move ahead,the NETR will serve as a guiding beacon,offering clarity and coherence in formulating policies and executing strategies for the energy sectors transition into a low-carbon future.RAFIZI RAMLI29 August 20238National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)Executive SummaryMalaysia is blessed with a strategic location,vast amounts of natural resources,potential renewable energy and a growing pool of talents who are appreciative of a green economy.One of the tenets of Ekonomi MADANI is spurring Malaysias green growth for climate resilience.Malaysia has been recognised as the best country in Southeast Asia in the Energy Transition Index 2023 by the World Economic Forum.The feat shows that Malaysia is on the right track to drive our strategic shift and economic restructuring into new growth areas.Malaysia is committed to low-carbon development aimed at restructuring the economic landscape to a more sustainable one.In this context,the National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)sets the goal to accelerate energy transition and change the way energy is generated to improve climate resilience.NETR has developed the Responsible Transition(RT)Pathway 2050 to shift Malaysias energy systems from fossil fuel-based to greener and low-carbon systems.The Total Primary Energy Source(TPES)modelling indicated that our energy demand will increase marginally at 0.2%annually from 95 Mtoe in 2023 to 102 Mtoe in 2050.The RT Pathway 2050 has also shown promising decarbonisation results as evidenced by the phasing out of coal and the reduction of fossil-fuel reliance from 96%in 2023 to 77%in 2050.Natural gas is set to be not only a transitional fuel,but also the primary contributor of TPES at 57 Mtoe(56%)followed by renewables that include solar,hydro and bioenergy,which collectively contribute 23%of TPES in 2050 from a mere 4%in 2023.NETR outlines 50 initiatives under the six energy transition levers and five enablers,in addition to the 10 flagship projects and initiatives announced in July 2023.The energy transition financing will be undertaken through a combination of grants,loans,rebates,incentives,and other investments to support the whole-of-nation approach.NETR aims to power our future by unlocking potentials in new growth areas and delivering progress and prosperity to Malaysian households and businesses.The successful implementation of NETR will uplift GDP value from RM25 billion in 2023 to RM220 billion and generate 310,000 jobs in 2050.NETR is not just a document about measures to meet Net-Zero GHG emissions target.NETR represents a new way of thinking to fundamentally transform Malaysias economy and livelihoods for a stronger and more resilient future.9National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)Malaysia is a small open economy with gross domestic product(GDP)of RM1.79 trillion and gross national income(GNI)per capita of USD11,780 in 2022.Its population stood at 32.7 million people in 2022 and is expected to reach 40 million by 2050.Meanwhile,the urbanisation rate was 75%in 2020,and is expected to reach 85%by 2040.Economic and population growth,as well as rapid urbanisation,will drive a rise in energy demand,which is expected to increase by 2%annually until 2050.The economy transitioned from an agricultural and commodity-based to manufacturing and services in the 1980s.It continues to be a producer of finite quantities of oil and gas,which contributed approximately 13%to GDP in 2021.Availability of indigenous gas resources have ensured secure energy supply at affordable prices.As the nation evolves and lifestyles change,environmental sustainability gains more focus in business and policy decisions,and this has implications on peoples livelihoods.Rapid urbanisation and climate change require a timely adjustment of the way we live,commute and interact with our surroundings,including the way in which we consume and produce energy.Section 1:Introduction10National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)The Domestic Energy LandscapeDefining Energy Transition -energy transition is a structural shift in energy systems,characterised by a transition towards cleaner sources of energy,increased use of RE,and a significant reduction in carbon emissions.The energy transition is expected to occur at an accelerated pace,driven by rapid technological advances and robust climate change policies.Based on the National Energy Policy,2022-2040(DTN),the energy sector contributed approximately 28%of GDP and employed 25%of the total workforce in Malaysia.In addition,it is a key source of national income,with petroleum-related products contributing 31%of fiscal income,and energy exports constituting 13%of total export value.The energy sector also benefits more than 10 million customers by providing daily access to electricity supply and enabling mobility through reliable supply of fuels.Jobs and business opportunities created in the energy sector,as well as economic multipliers in energy-related supply chains,also contribute positive to the socioeconomic development of the nation.Fossil fuels continue to contribute the largest share of Malaysias energy supply,and have a significant influence in shaping the countrys energy landscape.As of 2020,four energy sources dominated the national total primary energy supply(TPES)mix.Natural gas constituted the largest portion at 42.4%,followed by crude oil and petroleum products at 27.3%and coal at 26.4%.Renewables,comprising hydropower,solar and bioenergy,constituted just a mere 3.9%.Historically,the power sector in Malaysia has been operated as a vertically integrated monopoly system.Over time,it has undergone various stages of liberalisation.The power sector was privatised with the aim of attracting investments as well as enhancing efficiency and productivity to ensure a sufficient supply.Additionally,the government has encouraged the involvement of independent power producers(IPPs)to improve the reliability of the electricity supply and address the shortage of generation capacity in meeting the demand.Natural gas plays an important role as a transitional fuel in energy transition.The government has implemented Third Party Access(TPA)in 2017 to provide healthy competition among industry players,including the IPPs.This will facilitate the shift towards market-based pricing for power and non-power sectors,thus ensuring reliable gas supply at competitive prices.Similarly,the government intends to reform the power sector further by establishing a TPA framework to supply fuel sources,and access to the grid infrastructure and the retail market.In addition,the government will embark on electricity tariff restructuring initiative.These measures will ensure cost reflective prices,enable higher penetration of RE and enhance Malaysias competitive advantage.Malaysia has been recognised as the best country in the Southeast Asia in the Energy Transition Index 2023 by the World Economic Forum.The index considers system performance and the countrys readiness to switch to a more environmentally friendly energy sources.The recognition shows that Malaysia is on the right track to drive our strategic shift and economic restructuring into new growth areas.This is further supported by Malaysias various advantages such as a strategic location,diverse RE sources and a high level of skills to become a regional leader in energy transition.11National Energy Transition Roadmap(NETR)Malaysias Carbon FootprintThe energy sector has long contributed to Malaysias development and growth.Yet emissions have also increased in tandem with this progress,necessitating an urgent need to transition towards a low carbon economy.This will involve meeting the countrys climate commitment to cut 45%carbon intensity against GDP by 2030 compared to the 2005 baseline.Growth in the energy sector drives development in various related industries,creating spin-offs through employment,capital inflows and investments,besides supporting the energy service companies ecosystem.However,the energy sector has been the countrys largest contributor of greenhous