雅思阅读技巧 PPT.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,READING,IELTS,雅思阅读精讲,IELTS,雅思阅读,第一讲：雅思阅读概况，技巧和最新题型介绍,第二讲：,True,False,Not Given(,判断题,),第三讲：,List of Headings(,标题题,),第四讲：,Matching(,信息匹配题,),第五讲：,Multiple Choices(,选择题,),&,Short Answer Questions(,简答题,),第六讲：,Short Answer Questions(,简答题,),&Summary(,摘要填空,),第七讲：,Flow Chart(,图表题,),&,总结,第八讲：实战演练,8,：,30,进场,9,：,00,笔试 开考,9,：,00-9:30,听力,10,分钟填卡,9,：,40,开始,1,小时阅读时间，一小时两篇作文,2,小时,15,分 下午口语 候考试 约,10,分钟的时间 跟考官 一对一问答,阅读考试概况：,分为学术类（,A,类）和移民类（,G,类）两类,60,分钟,3,篇文章 学术性 政治经济自然医学生物环保建筑语言教育,词汇量,1000/,篇 平均每篇,passage,有,2-3,个题型,考的比较多的是判断题，和,matching,题 共,40,题,要求词汇量,6000,词,雅思没有出过词汇大纲手册，书店里出的都是根据历年,二分数段：,AcademicReading,16-22,：,5,分,19-22,：,5.5,23-25,：,6,分,26-28,：,6.5,29-31,：,7,分,32-35,：,7.5,36-37,：,8,分,38-39,：,8.5,40,：,9,分,趋势,:,难度降低，长度增加。有重复，但概率不大。作文题是中国大陆六个月前的。文章出处：社会报告；泰吾士报，国家地理，金融时报，,naturalscience,Economist;,雅思阅读难点：,1.,时间紧，题量大。,60,分钟 无答题卡时间,20,分钟以内。（,make a project of your time,）,-,训练数度,2.,题材广,3.,词汇量大,4.,学术性强,雅思阅读八大题型：节约时间，提高速度，增加语感,List of headings,标题对应题（考的是段落主旨）（很难）,(p63),细节题：,2,TRUEFALSENOTGIVEN,一般,13,题要简单思维（,p82,）,3,Summary,词数不超过,55,，每句话不超过,15,个，只考,4-5,个空，每个空都有选项；只考文章,3,个段落；,1,到,2,个形容词，其余是名词,4,Multiple-choice,多项选择题（简单）,(p21),只有一个答案是正确的，每个段落只有一个标题，一般限制在,5,个,5,Matching,配对（最难）,(p101),人名和理论配对；论点和论据配对；概念与解释配对,6,Short Answer Questions(p32),7,Flowcharts,（,p56,）确定范围，确定信息点在哪几个段落中,8,Sentencecompletion,完成句子,-,变形的,Matching,一般都给选项,(p38),出题思路,1.,雅思阅读考的就是快速阅读,skimming&scanning,定位,2.,主旨题和细节题,3.,同义词替换,e.g.,原文是,destroy,题目是,damage,原文是主动语态,题目是被动。,考点,-,对应原则：每个细节题对应原文具体的一句话,词汇,-,对应原则：关键词或考点词往往被同义词或派生词替换。,基本上，第一段 提出问题 中间分析问题 最后一段解决问题 所以第一段和最后一段非常重要,第一步：,skimming,略读 用,2,分钟时间快速读懂文章，重点看首末段，每段看首句或下句，掌握主旨。,第二步：,scanning,扫读,在题目中锁定关键词，然后回原文定位。（在试卷上随便怎么图画都行）。,第三步（,focus on,）,intensive reading,精读 重点看原文对应的那句话，如果没有看懂，就看上下句话来理解。,文章包含很多信息，但并非都是重点,包含大量支持性细节的语句是文章的补充内容,雅思阅读考题既会考查对结构主体的把控能力，亦会涉及对重要细节信息的理解能力。,文章扫读能力小结,(Skimming),1.,结构主体的关键词,2.,段落里出现的时间和数字,3.,段落里的人名、地名、专有名词,4.,举例主体,5.,新概念和局部核心概念,Skimming&Scanning,IELTS,阅读方式,1,没有必要把文章全读懂精髓：中心词的对应过程,-,找到一模一样的词；重要信息点的反复过程,-,时间，人名，地名，数字，斜体字，大写字，黑体字，括号，引号，画线部分直接看题做题，不需要先浏览文章大多数文章结构相同大多数文章都给标题（考文章题目的题，看第一句和最后一句）试卷可以划写，应该把重要信息点在看完题目后划一遍,2,看题要求：（,A4,彩色试卷）把,40,题在哪里先看一遍；千万不要忘记阅读题目要求；,3,看文章速度要快，直线阅读，不要患得患失,学习要求,1,按规定时间完成，记录所用时间,2,把每种题型错多少题，做纪录,3.,根据自己的做题情况反复练习,4.,课后多记单词,做题技巧,1,看,title,，找到中心概念,2,直接看题做题。分析题目要求（文章哪个部分，限词量）,3,雅思跟词汇理解没有关系，只要找到同样的词和语法结构。（真实考试都是一选一，不可能问两个信息在同一段落，可用排除法）,4,把答案直接写在答题纸上，不要漏题。,定位关键词,（训练的瞬间记忆的过程，记住多个关键词）,数字年份日期,首字母大写,人名地名,特殊标点符号：引号，,斜体字黑体字,长单词或词组,生词,（花,1,分钟看题 然后划出题中关键词。再去原文中定位。）,雅思阅读定位技巧：,名词优先于动词、形容词、副词：,e.g.,Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of reasons.,It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.,Chimpanzees make particular noise when they are playing.,数字表达优先考虑：,e.g.,Data on the Earths natural resources has only been collected since 1972.,The 1990 survey related to 550,000 consultations with alternative therapies,IELTS,专业名词优先考虑：,e.g.,Photoperiodism,光周期现象,is restricted to certain geographic areas.,The blind and sighted people perceived the,symbolism,in abstract shapes in the similar way.,不能作为定位词的表达：,1.,最常用的表达（非名词）：,The,of,in,other,2.,文章的主题词,3.,同一题型内部反复出现的单词,IELTS,最新雅思阅读考题,Vocabulary,:,approach,n.,接近,途径，方法,v.,靠近，接近，动手处理,The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house.,我们要想一想买新房子的事了，时机即将来临。,A,ssess,v.,估定，评定,She look at the house and assess its market value.,他看了看房子并估算了其市场价值。,A,ssume,vt,.v.,以为,;,认为,;,假定为,;,承担,I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.,我错了，我愿为此承担责任。,I assumed you can speak French fluently.,我以为你能讲流利的法语。,derive,+from,v.,得自,;,起源,distribution,n.,分配,;,配给物,;,分发,They could not agree about the distribution of the profits.,他们对于利润的分配意见不一致。,establish,v.,建立,制定,确立,They have established a student organization.,他们建立了一个学生组织。,estimate,n.,估计,判断,v.,估计,判断,评价,He is highly estimated among his colleagues.,他在同事中受到的评价很高。,They estimated the number of visitors at 10 million.,他们估计参观者人数为,1000,万。,evidence,n.,证据,v.,证明,;,表明,There wasnt enough evidence to prove his guilt.,没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。,in evidence,明显的 可看见的,The fire and dash pertaining to youth are not much in evidence among these people.,年轻人特有的热情和锐气在这些人当中没有多大表现。,identify,v.,识别,鉴定,认明,;,认同,;,感同身受,;,一致,Textual analysis identified the author as Shakespeare.,对原文的分析研究鉴定出作者是莎士比亚。,indicate,v.,指出,;,象征,;,显示,Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.,研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒烟。,involved,adj.,复杂的,;,有关的,involve v.,包括,使陷于,I got involved in a quarrel about the price.,我被卷入了一场有关价格的争吵。,issue,n.,发行,后果,问题,v.,发行,;,造成,.,结果,;,流出,;,使流出,;,发行,;,放出,The government is trying to keep a low profile on this issue.,政府力图在这个问题上保持低姿态。,The leadership of the movement are in agreement on this issue.,这一运动的领导层对这个问题的看法一致。,The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.,政府在独立的问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。,significant,adj.,重要的，有意义的,例句,:A short significant phrase in a composition.,乐旨乐曲中简短而重要的短句,variable,adj.,可变的，易变的,Winds are mainly light and variable.,风力较弱，风向多变。,雅思阅读三大题型：,细节题,（判断题、句子完成题、选择题、表格图题、流程图题、问答题等等）,出题思路：,1.,仅仅考查对局部语句信息的理解,2.,重点考查语句之间的语法逻辑关系,3.,不考查对语篇结构的宏观把握,IELTS,主旨题：,（标题配对题、摘要题）,出题思路：,1.,不考查对细节内容的理解,2.,侧重对全篇、局部段落的结构把握能力的考查,3.,重点厕所对语篇内部重要信息的甄别能力,推断题（部分判断题）：,出题思路：,题目信息来源于文章具体语句表达内容的归纳及演绎。,IELTS,【,雅思阅读,】,Question Types:Matching,标题选择仅仅和文章段落内部观点句的表达相关,学会区分观点（,arguments,）及事实（,factuality,）,观点句未必都是每段话的第一句：,1.,问句的理解及功能,2.,过渡句的判断,3.,文章转折信息的把握,4.,文章观点语句位置的总结,5.,文章纯细节表达的主旨归纳,IELTS,Why,you may wonder,should spiders be our friends?Because they destroy so many insects,and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Moreover,unlike some of the other insect eaters,spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.,IELTS,HEADING,讲解,一、段落标题配对,Heading,的基本特征,对,Heading,而言，最重要的属性是第一个。其实,Heading,这种题型之所以和标准的,Matching,成为不同的题型，最主要的差异就在于前者考察,Gist,后者考察,Detail,。而这意味着在阅读时关注的重心存在明显的差异。定位细节我们用查读（,scanning,），而把握主旨则需要扫读（,skimming,）。而用于配对的一系列段落标题，如果仅仅对应特定段落中的局部、具体、例证等类型的信息，则应该立即被我们所排除。剑,3,的,Test2,第二篇文章有一组,Heading,题就是很典型的例子。,例：,IELTS,IELTS,List of Headings,i The probable effects of the new international trade agreement,i The environmental impact of modern farming,ii Farming and soil erosion,Iii The effects of government policy in rich countries,All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts.For example,land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation;chemical fertilizers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies;more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion;and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of corps have been,解析：,很显然，在配对标题,Farming and soil erosion,中,soil erosion,一词出现在文章首句之后多个平行的例子之中，用于说明首句的,damaging environmental impacts,。那么它就应该被排除，前面的,The environmental impact of modern farming,才是正解。,注意,:,我们可以通过,scanning,较为容易地发现,soil erosion,的位置，但对于,Heading,这种题目而言细节反而是从原则上讲应该被忽略的东西。分析认为，考生需要做的，是判读出哪里是主干信息，哪里是细枝末节，然后从配对标题中选择主干信息的再现或转述。,我们再通过剑,2,中的一个例子来巩固一下上述提到的,Heading,题目的基本属性和解题原则。,IELTS,List of Headings,ii Holistic approach to health,iii The primary importance of environmental factors,.,ix Socio-ecological view of health,During the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root causes of poor health.While lifestyle factors still remain important,health is being viewed also in terms of the social,economic and environmental contexts in which people live.This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health.,解析：类似前面的例子，我们仍然可以轻松地发现,environmental,一词，因为并没有进行替换。但是在承接上文的首句之后，,environmental,一词仅仅是作为三个平行信息中的一个出现的，不具备概括性，应被排除，而随后一句话中的,this is called socio-ecological,才真正进行了一个总结。所以答案为,ix,而非,iii,。,IELTS,二、段落标题配对,Heading,的解题步骤,A.,选项处理,选项处理是,Heading,题型解题过程中的第一个重要步骤。有效的选项处理对于,Heading,题目的解答有着非常重要的作用。,标题候选项的分析比较可以给我们关于文章大意的有用线索，而浏览文章，即便是快速的浏览，起到的目的无非就是了解大意。这样如果先进行选项分析，全文浏览阅读的时间就省下来了。,排除真正解题过程中一部分无关信息的干扰,不同段落与特定,Heading,之间唯一匹配关键在于,Heading,项彼此间的差异，而不是共有信息。所以选项分析的结果在于剔除重复信息，抓住典型性差异特征。,例子总是胜过空洞的说教，咱们来看看真实的考题（剑,4 Test 3,）,IELTS,List of Headings,i Causes of volcanic eruption,ii Efforts to predict volcanic eruption,iii Volcanoes and the features of our planet,iv Different types of volcanic eruption,iv International relief efforts,v The unpredictability of volcanic eruptions,由于,volcanic eruption,必然将会贯穿文章始终，它也就失去了帮助我们判断特定标题和段落对应的作用。,所以，建议考生，选项处理首先要做的，就是寻找重复表达。而一旦发现，我们就将其删去,IELTS,观点句位置小结：,段落首句,段落前两句,文章中间转折,末句重申,文章主题词的归纳,IELTS,判断题解题讲解,解题原则：,做判断题需要每次同时定位两道题目,判断题遵循顺序原则,每个题干带回到原文，只能对应,1-2,句话,不能跳读做题,判断题解题讲解,定义解释：,False/No:,题目信息和文章相关内容完全相反,True/Yes:,题目信息和文章相关内容完全一致,Not Given:,题目信息无法在文章找到出处或者与文章相关内容不完全一致。,判断题选择,FALSE/NO,的情况：,信息反义抵触类：,题目,：,Johnson,set up an academy,to help with the writing of his Dictionary.,原文：,Johnson,decided he did not need an academy,to settle arguments about language;he would write a dictionary himself;and he would do it single-handed.,IELTS,2.,题目对文章的并列信息进行限制,原文：,Since the Winter Games began,55 out of 56 gold medals in the mens Nordic skiing events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.,题目：,Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the mens winter Olympics.,IELTS,原文：,But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized.,题目：,The Antwerp Games proved that winter spots were too specialized.,3.,原文为人们对于某样事物的理论或感觉，题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明。,IELTS,4.,原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的词,原文：,Without a qualification from a reputable school or university,it is unlikely to find a good job.,题目：,It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.,5.,含有绝对词汇的表达一般选择,FALSE.,Bakelite was immediately welcomed as a practical and versatile material.,IELTS,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,6.,数字作为考点一般选择,FALSE.,题目：,Four thousand species of dung beetle were initially brought to Australia by the CIRO.,IELTS,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,原文：,Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia,Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different,clima,题目内容文章没有提及,题目：,The government was concerned about some artists complaints.,原文：,The size of the rehearsal room of,and some artists have complained bitterly about all these varieties ever since.,判断题选择,NOT GIVEN,的情况,IELTS,2.,题目信息限制原文，比原文更加具体,原文：,A comedian will present a situation followed by an unexpected interpretation that is also apt.,题目：,Most comedians use personal situations as a source of humor.,IELTS,3.,原文是某人的目标，目的，想法，愿望，保证，发誓等，题目是事实,原文：,His aim was to bring together,once every four years,athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport.,题目：,Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics.,IELTS,判断题选择,TRUE/YES,的情况,题目是原文的同意表达,原文：,Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival,and biologists are at a loss to explain their,deise,.,题目：,Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.,IELTS,2.,题目是根据原文中的几句话做出的推断和归纳,原文：,Compare our admission inclusive fare and see how much you save.Cheapest is not the best and value for money is guaranteed.If you compare our bargain Daybreak fares,beware-most of our competitors do not offer an all inclusive fare.,题目：,Daybreak fares are more expensive than most of their competitors.,IELTS,摘要题解题讲解,IELTS,确定题目设计,文章的大致范围,摘要题解题步骤,利用固定语法结构,或者语法知识,锁定答案,利用空格前后定,位词缩小阅读量,按照要求填写答案,答案形式：,有备选项的考题：文章表达和选项之间是同义关系,-,一般不会涉及术语，切多为形容词。,直接对应文章的考题：答案直接来自原文，单词会涉及术语，一般为名词。,IELTS,配对题出题种类：,从属关系搭配题,段落信息匹配题,作者观点搭配题,配对题对应原文套路：,