雅思阅读-list-of-heading.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,雅思阅读第二讲,List of headings,题例：剑,4,4,Tips on list of headings,题目出现在文章前，要特别注意不要漏做,每个标题只用一次,标题多于选项，拿不准一个选项先标上多个标题，有空再细看,示例中已经选过的段落直接划掉不看，节约时间,英文文章结构,学术类多为议论说明文多,常采用线条清晰而简单的文章结构：,总分式：开头论点论据或说明结尾重申,Topic sentence,supporting ideas,examples,Repitition/suggestion,Location of topic sentence:80%,首句，,15%,末句，,5%,左右在中间）,实例：主题句与支持句,In a growing number of hotels and skyscrapers across the nation,steel walls have replaced the foot-thick brick and mortar walls once used.Tests show that a steel wall four inches thick,has better insulating qualities,than a 12-inch thickness of masonry.,In addition,steel-curtain wall panels save both time and labor.,And,the floor space conserved by use of the thin wall as against the thick wall in a big office building can mean a couple of hundred dollars a year in rentals.,Topic sentence:,In a growing number of hotels and skyscrapers use steel walls instead of brick-and-mortar walls.,Supporting ideas:,1)A steel wall has better insulating properties.,2)Steel wall panels save time and labor.,3)A steel wall conserves floor space.,解题步骤,The,1,st,2,nd,&,the,Last,Sentences,Topic Sentence,Most suitable Heading,Key words of Headings,推理具体内容,解题侧重点,选项着手,:,抓住每个,heading,中的,KEY WORDS,文章着手,:,抓住文章每段的,主题句,无主题句者，需要你从共性的东西中总结推断，可重点关注段落中的,重复字眼,注意改写现象,Headings,是原文主题的,浓缩改写,文章中,更具体,，选项,更概括,更抽象,Headings,中的关键词可能在原文中会以,改写,的方式出现,主题句非固定特征,主题句（需要你细读）,包含性最强的句子,转折、递进式的句子,a.But/however,等,之后,的句子,b.Although,in spite of,despite,的,主句,表结论、推断等,sb,believe/hold/imply/suggest,等引导的宾,从,4.,表定义,A is defined as,A is,known as,A is,Namely/That is,This is,非主题句特征,非主题句（需要略过）,举例,包含细节的句子,问句,从句,主题句的常规特征,Feature:,1.,某,特定单词,反复出现,2.,以,指代词,形式出现,3.,以,同义词,/,近义词,/,同类词,的形式出现,1.,某特定单词反复出现,Animals can move from place to place,but plants cannot.When an animal is under attack,it can run away or fight back.Plants certainly cannot run away,and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.,plants,Plants,plants,2.,以指代词形式出现,Tropical fish are becoming increasingly popular.Varied in color,they are decorative for homes,offices and even store windows.The rising of such fish is recommended as a relaxing hobby for people in jobs involving much tension.Many hobbyists have made money by breeding those fish varieties for which there is a special demand.,Tropical fish are becoming increasingly popular.Varied in color,they,are decorative for homes,offices and even store windows.The rising of,such,fish is recommended as a relaxing hobby for people in jobs involving much tension.Many hobbyists have made money by breeding,those,fish varieties for which there is a special demand.,3.,以同义词,/,近义词,/,同类词形式出现,Sydney is home to the state Art Gallery of New South Wales,the Sate Conservatorium of Music,the Australian Opera,the Sydney Dance Company,and the Australian Ballet.The world-class Sydney Symphony Orchestra offers great classical music all year round.Local theatre is creative and well supported,and large-scale overseas productions tour regularly.,Sydney is home to the state,Art Gallery,of New South Wales,the Sate Conservatorium of,Music,the Australian,Opera,the Sydney,Dance,Company,and the Australian,Ballet,.The world-class Sydney,Symphony Orchestra,offers great classical,music,all year round.Local,theatre,is creative and well supported,and large-scale overseas productions tour regularly.,特例：,no topic sentence,某些段落主题句不明显，是一系列细节的罗列，此时需要归纳出它们,所属的类别,。,Paragraph C:,There is a,toaster oven,a,blender,and a,can opener,on one,counter,.I have a,microwave oven,on another.In my cupboard,you can find a,mixer,and a hot,air popcorn popper,.On the far side of the kitchen,there is a,coffee machine,and,coffee grinder,.,Heading 4 kitchen utensils,Hints from words in the headings,1.words signifying,the beginning,of a passage,2.words signifying,the end,of a passage,1.words signifying the beginning,（,1,）名词,+of+,文章主标题,concept,conception,introduction,definition,explanation,notion,core,essence,justification,view/main idea/demonstration/orientation/initiation,whatis+,文章主标题,（,2,）动词,+,文章主标题,define,justify,（,3,）形容词,+,名词,+of+,文章主标题,basic,intrinsic,fundamental+factors/elements of+topic,2.words signifying the ending,effect(affect),impact,consequence,result,generalization(,概括,),conclusion,summary/aftermath/anticipation,prospect/vision(,前景,)+,文章的,TOPIC,Exercises on heading,Please identify the best heading for each paragraph according to what you read.,无主题句，都是细节,主题句为第一句,A is,首句非主题句，此段中心只能推断，根据句子间的逻辑关系,Practice 1,Answer:iv,Answer:i,Answer:iii,Answer:v,Practice 2,Answer:iii,Answer:i,Answer:iv,Answer:vi,Practice 3-C7T2P3,Answer:vi,Answer:ii,Answer:v,Answer:x,Answer:i,