冗余及负载均衡01.ppt

Slide Title,Body Text,Second Level,Third Level,Fourth Level,Fifth Level,CCNP,交换课程 第六章,冗余及负载均衡,课程概述,EtherChannel,(,以太通道,),PAgP,(,端口集合协议,),EtherChannel,配置实例,交换环境中的冗余模块,(,电源模块,路由模块,),热备份路由协议,(HSRP VRRP GLBP,SLB,),配置,热备份路由协议,HSRP,配置实例,(,实验,),EtherChannel,HSRP,以太通道,2003,Cisco Systems,Inc.All rights reserved.,3,Load Balancing with,EtherChannel,Logical aggregation of similar links,Viewed as one logical port,Switch-level load balancing,Redundancy,Configuring,EtherChannel,Switch(config)#interface,port-channel,port-channel-number,Creates a port-channel interface,Switch(config-if)#ip,address,address mask,Assigns an IP address and subnet mask to the EtherChannel,Switch(config-if)#channel-group,number,mode auto|desirable|on,Configures the interface in a port-channel and specifies the PAgP mode,Switch(config)#interface,interface slot/port,Specifies an interface to configure,Verifying,EtherChannel,Switch#show running-,config,interface port-channel,num,Displays port-channel information,Switch#,show run interface port-channel 1,Building configuration.Current configuration:!interface Port-channel1no,ip,addressno,ip,directed-broadcastend,Switch#show running-,config,interface,interface x/y,Displays interface information,Switch#,show run interface gig 0/9,Building configuration.Current configuration:!interface,GigabitEthernet,0/9,no,ip,addresschannel-group 1 mode desirableend,Verifying,EtherChannel,(Cont.),Switch#show,etherchannel,num,port-channel,Displays port-channel information after configuration,Switch#,show,etherchannel,1 port-channel,Port-channels in the group:,-,Port-channel:Po1,-,Age of the Port-channel =01d:01h:31m:38s,Logical slot/port =1/0 Number of ports=2,GC =0 x00020001,HotStandBy,port=null,Port state =Port-channel Ag-,Inuse,Ports in the Port-channel:,Index Load Port EC state,-+-+-+-,0 00 Gi0/9 desirable-,sl,0 00 Gi0/10 desirable-,sl,Time since last port bundled:00d:20h:04m:38s Gi0/9,Time since last port Un-bundled:00d:21h:17m:20s Gi0/10,Configuring,EtherChannel,Load Balancing,Switch#,show,etherchannel,load-balance,Source XOR Destination IP address,Switch(config)#port,-channel load-balance,type,Configures EtherChannel load balancing,EtherChannel,Load Balancing,Configure,EtherChannel,load balancing.,set port channel all distribution,ip,|,mac,|session|,ip-vlan-session,source|destination|both,默认时是基于,session sourceConsole(enable)set port channel all distribution,mac,sourceChannel distribution is set to,mac,source.,EtherChannel,Load Balancing,siwtch65(enable)show channel traffic,ChanId,Port Rx-,Ucst,Tx-Ucst,Rx-,Mcst,Tx-Mcst,Rx-,Bcst,Tx-Bcst,-769 7/1 54.36%49.92%50.00%99.99%56.06%59.43%769 7/2 45.64%50.08%50.00%0.01%43.94%40.57%835 7/5 59.00%49.94%49.98%99.99%66.20%58.74%835 7/6 41.00%50.06%50.02%0.01%33.80%41.26%836 7/7 44.89%47.39%48.42%94.38%43.92%5.25%836 7/8 55.11%52.61%51.58%5.62%56.08%94.75%,Port and Link Aggregation,端口汇聚协议,(,PAgP,),和链路汇聚协议,(LACP),可在以太网接口之间自动创建端口信道,Port Aggregation Protocol(,PAgP,),PAgP,是思科专用协议，只能运行在思科交换机或由,PAgP,特许支持供应商生产的交换机上,Link Aggregation Control Protocol(LACP),LACP,是标准协议，允许思科交换机管理满足,802.3ad,协议要求的任何交换机之间的以太网信道,PAgP,ON,OFF,Desirable -,主动发,PAgP,协商包,Auto -,不会主动协商,能形成以太通道吗？,ON -ON,ON -Desirable,Auto -Auto,ON -Auto,Desirable -Desirable,Desirable -Auto,配置实例（一）,配置实例（一）,Catalyst 3550,interface Port-channel 1,interface GigabitEthernet0/1,switchport,mode access,no,ip,address,channel-group 1 mode desirable,interface GigabitEthernet0/2,switchport,mode access,no,ip,address channel-group 1 mode desirable,配置实例（一）,Catalyst 6500/6000,interface Port-channel 1,no,ip,address,switchport,switchport,mode access,interface FastEthernet3/1,no,ip,address,switchport,switchport,mode access,channel-group 1 mode desirable,interface FastEthernet3/2,no,ip,address,switchport,switchport,mode accesschannel-group 1 mode desirable,配置实例（二）,配置实例（二）,Catalyst 5500:,set interface sc0 1 10.10.10.2/255.255.255.0 10.10.10.255,set port channel 4/1-4,50,set port channel 4/1-2 mode desirable,Set port trunk 4/1-2,Catalyst 6509,set interface sc0 1 10.10.10.1/255.255.255.0 10.10.10.255,set port channel 4/1-4,63,set port channel 4/1-2 mode desirable,Set port trunk 4/1-2,单点故障,交换环境中的冗余模块,2003,Cisco Systems,Inc.All rights reserved.,20,Supervisor Redundancy,Single supervisor engine means single point of failure for the switch.,Redundant supervisor allows configuration for automatic failover.,RPR and RPR+,Route Processor Redundancy,Switchover in 2 to 4 minutes,Redundant supervisor engine booted but MSFC and PFC not operational,Route Processor Redundancy Plus,Switchover in 30 to 60 seconds,Redundant supervisor engine booted with MSFC and PFC operational,RPR and RPR+,The following events cause an RPR and PRP+switchover:,Clock synchronization failure between supervisor engines,MSFC or PFC failure on the active supervisor engine,A manual switchover.,RPR+,的增强特性,Standby supervisor fully booted,Running and Startup configuration synchronization between active and standby,Running configuration not lost upon switchover,Reduced switchover time,Installed modules are not reloaded,Online insertion and removal(OIR)of the redundant supervisor engine,Synchronization of OIR events,RPR+Configuration Guidelines and Restrictions,VLAN database configuration not supported,SNMP changes not automatically synchronized,No mirroring or load balancing,Only one active supervisor engine at a time,Both supervisor engines must run the same version of Cisco IOS software(otherwise RPR),RPR+Configuration Guidelines and Restrictions(Cont.),Switchover takes place after the failed supervisor engine completes a core dump,FIB table cleared on switchover;routed traffic interrupted until route tables,reconverge,Static IP routes maintained across a switchover,Information about dynamic states not synchronized and lost on switchover,RPR+Hardware Guidelines and Restrictions,Supervisor engines must be in slots 1 and 2.,Each supervisor engine must have the resources to run the switch on its own.,Both supervisor engines must have the same system image.,Make separate console connections to each supervisor engine;do not use a Y cable.,The configuration register in the startup-,config,must be set to,autoboot,.,Configuring and Verifying RPR+,Switch(config)#redundancy,Enables redundancy and enters redundancy configuration mode,Switch(config-red)#mode,rpr,-plus,Specifies RPR+as the supervisor engine redundancy mode,Switch#show redundancy states,Displays information about supervisor engine redundancy,Configuring and Verifying RPR+,Router,enable,Router#,configure terminal,Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.,Router(config,)#,redundancy,Router(config,-red)#,mode,rpr,-plus,Router(config,-red)#,Z,Configuring and Verifying RPR+,Switch#show module,Mod Ports Card Type Model Serial No.,-+-+-+-+-,1 2 1000BaseX(GBIC)Supervisor(standby)WS-X4515 JAB062604LE,2 2 1000BaseX(GBIC)Supervisor(active)WS-X4515 JAB062408TV,3 48 10/100/1000BaseTX(RJ45)WS-X4448-GB-RJ45 JAB053606AG,4 48 10/100BaseTX(RJ45)V WS-X4148-RJ45V JAE060800BL,M MAC addresses Hw,Fw,Sw,Status,-+-+-+-+-+-,1 0009.e845.6300 to 0009.e845.6301 0.5 12.1(13r)EW(12.1(13)EW,Ok,2 0009.e845.6302 to 0009.e845.6303 0.4 12.1(12r)EW(12.1(13)EW,EARL Ok,3 0001.6443.dd20 to 0001.6443.dd4f 0.0 Ok,4 0008.2138.d900 to 0008.2138.d92f 1.6 Ok,Configuring and Verifying RPR+,Router#,show redundancy states,my state=13-ACTIVE,peer state=4,STANDBY COLD,!-Indicates RPR mode,Mode=,Duplex,!-Indicates secondary is present and in redundant state,Unit=Primary,Unit ID=2,Redundancy Mode(Operational)=Route Processor Redundancy,Redundancy Mode(Configured)=Route Processor Redundancy,Configuring and Verifying RPR+,Switch#sh,mod,Mod Ports Card Type Model Serial No.,-+-+-+-+-,1 Standby Supervisor,2 2 1000BaseX(GBIC)Supervisor(active)WS-X4515 JAB062408TV,3 48 10/100/1000BaseTX(RJ45)WS-X4448-GB-RJ45 JAB053606AG,4 48 10/100BaseTX(RJ45)V WS-X4148-RJ45V JAE060800BL,M MAC addresses Hw,Fw,Sw,Status,-+-+-+-+-+-,1 Unknown Unknown Unknown Other,2 0009.e845.6302 to 0009.e845.6303 0.4 12.1(12r)EW(12.1(13)EW,EARL Ok,3 0001.6443.dd20 to 0001.6443.dd4f 0.0 Ok,4 0008.2138.d900 to 0008.2138.d92f 1.6,Configuring and Verifying RPR+,Router#,show redundancy states,my state=13-ACTIVE,peer state=1 DISABLED,!-Standby supervisor is not up or not present.,Mode=Simplex,!-Not redundant.,Unit=Primary,Unit ID=2,Redundancy Mode(Operational)=Route Processor Redundancy Plus,Redundancy Mode(Configured)=Route Processor Redundancy Plus,Redundant Uplink Modules,Redundant uplink connections still leave a single point of failure:the supervisor engine itself.,Redundant Uplink Modules(Cont.),Uplink ports on the redundant supervisor engine are live.,Redundant Power Supplies,Two power supplies are used for combined power,or the second can act as a backup if the first fails.,Configuring Redundant Power Supplies,Switch(config)#power,redundancy-mode combined|redundant,Configures power as combined or redundant,Switch#show power supplies,Displays information about power supplies,Redundant mode,By default,the power supplies in a Catalyst 4000/4500/6500/8500 series switch are set to operate in Redundant mode,1.Use two power supplies that are the same type.2.Choose a power supply that by itself is powerful enough to support the switch configuration.,3.1+1=1,Combined mode,If your switch configuration requires more power than a single power supply can provide,set the power management mode to Combined mode.Combined mode utilizes the available power for both power supplies.however,your switch will have no power redundancy.,Redundant Power Supplies,Switch(,config,)#,power redundancy-mode redundant,Switch(,config,)#,end,Switch#,show power supplies,Power supplies needed by system:1,1,indicates that the switch is in Redundant mode,Redundant Power Supplies,Switch(,config,)#,power redundancy-mode combined,Switch(,config,)#,end,Switch#,show power supplies,Power supplies needed by system:2,2,indicates that the switch is in Combined mode,誉天,CISCO,讲师 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