状语从句(OK).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,状语从句,Adverbial clauses,高三英语第一轮复习,定义,：,在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。,准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。,同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。,状语从句一般分为九大类,状语从句类别,:,时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句,While,I was wondering at this,our schoolmaster took,his place.(),2.,Where,there is a will,there is a way.(),3.,Now that/Since,everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.,（）,4.Ill speak slowly,so that,you can understand me.(),5.,So,clever was he a student,that,he was able to work out all the difficult problems.(),6.,As long as,you dont lose heart,youll succeed.(),7.Try,as,he might,he could not find a job.(),8.The old lady treats the boy,as if,he were her own son.(),9 The project was completed earlier,than,(it was)expected.,(),时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,方式,状语从句的分类,比较,1.,时间状语从句：,引导时间状语从句的连词有：,when,while,as,the moment,before,after,till,until,since,as soon as,等。,请注意,when,while,as,的区别,w,hen,当时候,通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。,When,I opened the window,I saw him come up.,When,I have time,I will go to see you.,When,I came home,I met an old schoolmate of mine.,He said he would tell her about it,when,he saw her,.,*注意：,在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。,w,hen,正在的时候，突然通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然,I was walking along the street,when,I met him,.,I was about to fall asleep,when,my sister came in,.,One evening,little Hans was sitting near the fire,when,he heard a loud knock at the door,.,w,hen,当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。,Someone knocked at the door,when,I was having breakfast,.,When,I was leaving the house,the postman arrived.,When,the children had gone to bed,she began to prepare her lessons.,w,hen,=after,w,hile,在期间，往往指一段时间,While,we were in America,we saw him twice.,While,we were talking,he came in.,Strike,while,the iron is hot,.,w,hile,表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。,We are cleaning the classroom,while,they are playing football,.,a,s,一边一边,随着,She was doing her homework,as,she was listening to music,.,As,she grew older,she became more beautiful.,a,s,当时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。,As,I was going out,it began to rain.,I saw Mary,as,she was going on the bus,.,t,he moment,一就 =as soon as,immediately,-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?,-Yes,I gave her,the moment,I saw her,.,n,ot until,直到才,He didnt leave the office,until,he finished the work,.,=He left the office,when,he finished the work,.,Not until,可以和,when,互换,b,efore,在之前,The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour,before,the flight departs,.,Did you work as a stewardess,before,you c,a,me to this company,?,It was not long,before,I forgot it all,.,(It was/will be before,是常用句型,),He ran off,before,I could stop him,.,a,fter,在 之后,The customer left the ticket counter,after,he had a quarrel with the ticket agent,.,The plane took off,after,the air traffic controller gave clearance,.,s,ince,自从,通常主句用现在完成时,I have never been there again,since,I graduated from the university,.,The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world,since,he became a pilot,.,It is just a week,since,we arrived here,.,(It is/has been since,是常用句型）,a,s soon as,一就,Jack went to school,as soon as,he got well,.,Ill ring you up,as soon as,I get an answer from him,.,n,o sooner than,一就,No sooner,had he arrived than,he went away again.,no sooner than,用于句首要求倒装,h,ardly when,s,carcely when,Once you see him,you will never forget him.,o,nce,一,旦,就,e,very time,each time,每次,whenever,每当,Each time,he came to town,he would visit our school.,Whenever,we met with difficulties,they came to help us.,2.,条件状语从句,引导状语从句的连接词有,:,If,unless,as long as,in case,provided that,on condition that,i,f,如果,If,you dont hurry up,you will miss the plane.,If,it snows tomorrow,the flight will be canceled.,u,nless,如果不,除非=if not,We cant get there on time,unless,we book the earliest flight,.,=We,cannot,get there on time,if,we,dont,book the earliest flight.,Dont trouble trouble,unless,trouble troubles you,.,He will not join us,unless,he changes his mind,.,a,s long as,只要,We will succeed,as long as,we keep on trying,.,You cant play games,as long as,you remember the rules,.,A man is not old,as long as,he is seeking something,.,a,s(so)far as,据所知,As far as,I know,he speaks English very well.,As/So far as,I know,he is an expert on DNA.,i,n case,假使,如果,The plane cannot take off,in case,it rains.,Send us a message,in case,you have any difficulty.,p,rovided that,如果,有时省略 that,The plane will be in good condition,provided that,it is taken care of carefully.,You can become a stewardess,provided that,you are in good shape and you have got the proper education,.,o,n condition that,条件是,He said that he would come to the meeting,on condition that,no one asked him to speak,.,注,:,主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。,If,he arrives tomorrow,I will be waiting for him at the airport.,He said he would not leave,unless,it was fine next day.,3.,地点状语从句,地点状语从句只有两个连词,:,Where,wherever,w,here,在地方,Put the medicine,where,you can easily get it,.,Please make a mark,where,you have questions.,Where,there is a will,there is a way.,w,herever,无论哪里,He follows her,wherever,she goes,.,Wherever,you are,I will be right there waiting for you.,4.,原因状语从句,because,as,since,now that,和,considering that,seeing that,这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱,.,b,ecause,因为,通常从句放在主句后.,Mr Smith was very upset,because,he couldnt find his luggage,.,He said that he couldnt work,because,the computer was out of order,.,a,s,因为,通常放在句首,As,it is quite windy today,he decides to stay at home.,As,he is honest and modest,all his friends like him.,s,ince,既然 因语气较弱,常译为既然,Since,everybody has come,we can set off.,Since,the purser didnt tell us what to do,we can relax.,n,ow that,既然,Now that,you are here,you can join us.,Now that,all airlines offer discount prices,we should do the same.,considering that,顾及到,Considering that,they are just beginners,they are doing quite a good job.,seeing that,由于,Seeing(that),quite a few people were absent,we decided to,put the meeting off.,5.,结果状语从句,引导结果状语从句的连词有：,that,sothat,suchthat,s,o that,太以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so只用that,Boeing 747 is,so,large,that,people like to call it jet bomb,.,The flight scheduled,so,early,that,nobody wanted to look on it,.,s,uch that,-太以至于 用法与sothat相同，但such 后面应用名词。,The foreign visitor was,such,a fast speaker,that,nobody could understand him,.,6.,目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的主要连词有,:,that,so that,in order that,for fear that,lest,Lets take the front seats,so,that,we may see more clearly,.,s,o that,-以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：,can,could,may,might,should,等,in order that,-,为了,与,so that,相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：,can,could,may,might,should,等,School was closed early,in order that,the children might go home ahead of the storm,.,for fear that,-,生怕,;,为了防止,(,某事发生,),He took the name down,for fear that,he should forget it.,l,est,-以防万一,The man decided to tell his boss the fact,lest,he would be angry with him,.,The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime,lest,they wouldnt finish the task on time,.,7.,比较状语从句,引导比较状语从句的连词有：,a,sas,not so(as)as,.,than,the more the more.,a,sas,-像一样,If you dont want to miss the flight,you need to be at the airport,as,early,as,possible,.,Cultivation to the mind is,as,necessary,as,food for the body,.,n,ot so(as)as,-不像,The job is not,so,difficult,as,I thought it would be,.,The flight was,not so/as,harmful,as,the captain predicted,.,than,-,比,怎么样，用于事物间的比较，,more,后面用形容词或副词,I personally think that the American movies are more interesting,than,Chinese ones,.,t,he more,the more,-越 越,The more,he listened to that song,the less,he enjoyed it.,The more,things a man is ashamed of,the more,respectable he is.,8.,让步状语从句,引导让步状语从句的连词有：,a,lthough,though,as,even if,even though,no matter,however,whatever,while,whether,a,lthough,though,-虽然 although 和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。,t,hough可以用于倒装。,Although,it was not his fault,he took all the blame.,Though,he did his best,he didnt succeed.,Child,though,he was,he did quite well.,a,s,-尽管,as,引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与,though,互换。,Busy,as,he is,he never misses a football match.,Hard,as,she works,she makes little progress.,e,ven if/even though,-即使,Even if,you dont like your boss,you should do your work.,Even though,his,boss,didnt mean it,he still felt embarrassed.,h,owever,-不论，however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装,He couldnt get there on time,however,fast he drove,.,The father couldnt make his daughter smile,however,hard he tried,.,n,o matter,(what,when,where,how)-无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）,The old man wouldnt believe anything,no matter what,you said,.,Please tell me the result,no matter when,you get it,.,He wouldnt forgive me,no matter how,hard I begged him,.,I will find you,no matter where,you hide,.,w,hatever,-不管,Whatever,other people may,say,she wont change her mind.,Whatever,you do,it wont affect our plan.,w,hile,-尽管,While,I have sympathy for you,I cant help you.,While,its none of my business,I will watch you.,w,hether,-不管，常与or not 连用,Whether,he is good or not,the company decided to send him abroad.,Whether,his proposal is practical or not,the department plans to adopt.,9.,方式状语从句,方式状语从句常由,:,as,as if,as though,as,-,与,一样,Do in Rome,as,the Romans do,.,Leave things,as,they are,.,as if,as though,-,仿佛,由,as if,或,as though,引导的从句中可用虚拟语气,She stood at the door,as if(=as though),she were waiting for,someone,.,考点与难点归纳,1,、各种从属连词的含义及用法,比较；,2,、,no matter,wh,-,与,wh,-ever,引,导的从句的区别；,3,、状语从句的时态问题；,4,、状语从句倒装及紧缩问题；,5,、状语从句与其它从句的区别。,考点,难点,1.,时间状语从句,1.(04,北京春,)We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the,storm started.,A.when B.while C.until D.before,2.(02,上海,)He was about to tell me the secret _ someone,patted him on the shoulder.,A.as B.until C.whileD.when,3.(05,上海,)He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it,was the best time for it.,A.where B.when C.thatD.until,4.(05,福建,),Did Jack come back early last night?,Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.,A.Before B.when C.thatD.until,5.(06,辽宁,)He was about halfway through his meal _ a,familiar voice came to his ears.,A.why B.where C.when D.while,A,D,B,B,C,6.(06,天津,)The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in,Britain,_ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.,A.since B.when C.as D.while,7.,(2007,山东卷,)_ I really dont like art,I find his work,impressive.,A,As B,Since C,If D,While,连接词,while,的用法小结,1.while,引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：,Please dont talk so loud while others are working.,2.while,作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。,3.while,可表示尽管，相当于,although,。,D,D,问题,3:,1.(01,北京春,),Did you remember to give Mary the,money you owed her?,Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.,A.while B.the moment,C.suddenlyD.once,2.I thought her nice and honest _ I,met her.,A.first time B.for the first time,C.the first timeD.by the first time,3._ entered the office when he realized that,he had forgotten his report.,A.He hardly had B.Had he hardly,C.Hardly had he D.Hardly he had,B,C,C,小结：,1,一些词，如,the moment,the minute,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan,等也可引导一个时,间状语从句，相当于,as soon as,的意思。,I didnt wait a moment,but came immediately you,called.,2,一些含有,time,的名词短语，如,every time,each time,next time,by the time,等，以及,the day,the year,the morning,等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。,The day he returned home,his father was already,dead.,Next time you come,please bring your composition.,3.,如果,hardly,或,no sooner,或,scarcely,置于句首，句子必,须用部分倒装结构。,Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.,问题,4:,1.(03,北京春,),Was his father very strict with him when,he was at school?,Yes.He had never praised him _ he became,one of the top students in his grade.,A.after B.unless C.until D.when,2.(03,上海,)A good storyteller must be able to hold,listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the,story.,A.when B.unless C.after D.until,3.It was not _ she took off her dark glasses,_ I realized she was a famous film star.,A.when;that B.until;that,C.until;when D.when;then,C,D,B,连接词,before,的小结：,一、含义,1,We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.,2,We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.,3,Please write it down before you forget it.,4,Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.,“,才”,“不到,就”,“趁,”,“还没来得及”,二,before,从句中谓语不用否定式。,Before they reached the station,the train had gone.,三,1,）,句型,It will be/was,段时间,before,“,还要过多久才,”,It will be two years before he leaves the country.,2,）,句型,It will be/was not,一段时间,before“,不多久就,”,It wasnt two years before he left the country.,3,）,句型,It is,段时间,since,时间的计算一律从,since,从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。,It is three years since she was in the army.,It is three years since she joined the army.,2,、条件状语从句,问题,1,：,1,、,_ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.2007,全国卷,II,A.If B.SinceC.ThoughD.When,2,、,It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly,you,wont keep good health.,（,05,重庆卷）,A.unless B.whenever C.although D.if,A,A,unless,相当于,if not,，意思是“除非,”“,如果不,就,”,。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。,问题,2,：,1,、,_ I can see,there is only one possible way to keep,away from the danger.,（,04,北京春季）,A.As long as B.As far as C.Just as D.Even if,2,、,I always take something to read when I go to the,doctors _ I have to wait.,（,05,全国卷,3,）,A,in case B,so that C,in orderD,as if,B,A,as long as,与,as far as,都可引导条件状语从句，,as long as,表示“只要,”,，,as far as,表示“就,而论（而言）”。题,1,根据题意应该选用,B,。,in case,表示“以防”，根据题,2,的句意，不难作出选择。,3,、让步状语从句,问题,1,：,1,、,_,I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the,person.,（,04,江苏）,A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless,2,、,Allow children the space to voice their opinions,_they,are different from your own.(05,湖南卷）,A.untilB.even ifC.unless D.as though,A,B,while,是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句,，,又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。,even if,等于,even though,，表示“即使、尽管”。,as though,等于,as if,，,引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。,问题,2,：,1,、,He tried his best to solve the problem,_ difficult it was.,（,05,天津卷）,A.however B.no matter,C.whatever D although,2,、,Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales,please?(2007,山东卷,),A.anyone B.someone,C.whoever D.no matter who,A,C,no matter,wh,-,与,wh,-ever,的联系及区别：,no matter,wh,-,只引导让步状语从句，,此时与,wh,-ever,通用。,No matter when/Whenever he comes back,he should be invited to the party.,wh,-ever,又可引导名词性从句，,No matter,wh,-,不能。,Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt.,Whoever can help us will be welcome.,4.,状语从句的时态问题,问题,1,：,1,、,The house could fall down soon if no one_ some,quick repair work.,（,04,全国,IV,）,A has done B is doing C does D had done,2,、,It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.,（,05,北京春季）,A.before B.since C.after D.when,在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将,来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将,来时。,在,since,引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般,过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。,C,B,5,、状语从句的倒装问题,问题,1,：,1,、,Did you see who the driver was?2007,上海春,No,so quickly_ that I couldnt gat a good look at his face.,A,did the car speed by B,the car sped by,C,does the car speed by D,the car speeds by,2,、,_,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.2007,重庆卷,A.Strange as might it sound B.As it might sound strange,C.As strange it might sound D.Strange as it might sound,状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：,否定词开头；,so,加,adj.,开头；,as/though,引导的让步状语从句。,A,D,Hardly when,No sooner than,Child as he is,Hardly,had,he got to the station when the train left.,No sooner,had,he got to the station than the train left.,Child,as he is,he can speak