阅读理解专题--推理判断题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Welcome,to my class,Oct.26,Have a guess,duty-free,praiseworthy,skin-deep,bitter-sweet,peace-loving,labour,-saving,time-consuming,免关税的,值得表扬的,肤浅的，表面的,有苦有甜的，既有欢乐又有悲伤的,热爱和平的,节省劳力的,耗时的,many-sided,soft-spoken,strong-willed,weather-beaten,examination-oriented,quality-oriented,education,anti-war,anti-Japanese,anti-freezing,多方面的,说话温和的,低声细气的,意志坚强的,饱经风霜的,粗糙的（人或皮肤）,以考试为主导的，应试的,素质教育,反战的,抗日的,防冻的,ab,normal,il,logical,Ir,regular,pre,history,semi,final,Sino-,American,bi,color,bi,lingual,反常的，不正常的,不合逻辑的,不规则的,不规律的,史前的,半决赛,中美的,两色的，双色的,双语的,C,hoose,a letter and infer,the,hidden meaning,of the,English idioms,.,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,Whats your choice,A,He has to,face the music,.,(You are a lucky dog.),他不得不,面对现实,。,B,A cat may look at a king.,猫也有权利晋见国王（人人平等）,C,Make hay while the sun shines.,趁热打铁。,D,Give a dog a bad name(and hang him),.,(You are a lucky dog.),一朝坏名声，十年洗不清,。,E,Beauty is only skin-deep,.,(you are a lucky dog),美貌不过一张皮；貌美不如心灵美,F,A clean hand wants no washing,.,身正不怕影子斜。,G,A single flower does not make a spring,(you are a lucky dog),一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。,H,Talk of the devil and he will appear,.,(you are the lucky dog),说曹操，曹操到,Reading comprehension,1,、细节理解题,(questions of details),2,、,猜测词义题,(words in context),3,、,主旨归纳题,(main idea),4,、,推理判断题,(questions of inference),Reading Comprehension,How to deal with,Questions of,inference,试 卷,(,江苏,),推理判断,主旨归纳,细节,理解,词义,猜测,2009,4,2,8,1,2010,7,2,5,1,2011,年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握,文脉,逻辑关系,(logical relationship),句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。,1.,推断隐含意义,2.,推断作者观点或态度,3.,推断写作目的,4.,推断文章出处,5.,推断上下文内容,阅读推理判断题,推断题分类,1.Question forms:,It can be,i,nferred,from the text that,.,From the text we know that,is most likely,.,When,the writer talks about,what the writer,really,means,is,.,The writer,suggests,that,.,The story,implies,that,.,We can,infer conclude,from the passage,that,.,这类题干中通常含有,infer,suggest,imply,conclude,等标志性词语。,一、如何推断隐含意义,2.,技巧点拨,1),全面分析,2),忠实原文,3),不要选择表层信息,Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall?Did it sound like a clock?If so,it may have been made by a beetle.Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die.Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle.,We can infer,the sound of this beetle _.,A.pleased people.B.surprised people.C.frightened people.D.excited people.,3.Practice:,Passage1,It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock.The clock passes the time by keeping its hands busy.People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away.,You can tell that busy people:_,A.act like clocks.B.sleep the time away.C.dont do what clocks do.D.dont have hands.,Passage2,Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age;today only two exist.The wood bison is the larger of the two,and is now found mostly in western Canada.Better known in the United States is the Plains bison,or buffalo.At one time,herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West.,The author implies that several types of bison_.,A.live outside the United Stated and Canada,B.are well adapted to swampy terrain,C.existed before the Ice Age,D.have been killed or have died out,Passage3,二、如何推断作者观点和态度：,说明文中作者的态度,:,objective,neutral,（,中立的,）,；,在议论文中，有：,(1),positive,(,积极的,)(2),negative,(3),neutral,(,中立的,)(4),approval,(5),disapproval,(6),indifferent,(7),sarcastic,（,讽刺的,）,(8),critical,(,批评的,)(9),optimistic,(10),pessimistic,客观的,消极的,漠不关心的,(,赞成的,),不赞成,乐观的,悲观的,1.Question forms:,The writers,attitude,toward is_.,The writer,thought,that_.,According to the author,_.,2.,技巧点拨,注意作者表达感情色彩的,形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子,，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。,Passage 4,.Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news,？,All I read about is murder,bribery(,行贿,),，,and death.Frankly,，,Im sick of all this bad news.,This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.,A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.inform,Passage 5,.,（,江西卷）,Just as crying can be healthy,not cryingholding back tears of anger,pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical health.Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure,heart problems and some other illnesses.If you have a health problem,doctors will certainly not ask you to cry.But when you feel like crying,dont fight it.Its a naturaland healthyemotional response.,According to the author,which of the following statements is true?,A.Crying is the best way to get help from others.,B.Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.,C.We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.,D.We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.,Passage6,.Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities.Of course,there have always been people who have looked for adventure-those who have climbed the highest mountains,traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans.Now,however,there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity,which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.,I would consider bungee jumping,（,蹦极跳）,to be a good example of such an activity.You jump from a high place(perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon)200 meters above the ground with an elastic,（,有弹性的）,rope tied to your ankles.You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground.It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping.Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.,Why do people take part in such activities as these?Some psychologists,（,心理学家）,suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring.Not very long ago,peoples lives were constantly in danger.They had to go out and hunt for food,diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival.,Nowadays,according to many people,life offers little excitement.They live and work in comparatively safe conditions;they buy food in shops;and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill.The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.,The writer of the text has a _ attitude towards dangerous sports.,A.positive B.negative,C.neutral,D.nervous,三、如何推断写作目的,1.,Question forms:,(1),考查整篇文章的写作目的,A.,The,writers,purpose,of writing this passage is to _.,B.,What is,the purpose,of writing this article?,C.,In writing the passage,the author intends to,_.,(2),考查某处细节的写作意图,A,.The writer,uses the example ofto show that,_.,B,.The writer,uses the two questions,at the beginning of the passage to _.,C,.,are mentioned in the first paragraph,to _.,2.,常见的写作目的归纳,不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：,(1)to entertain readers,（,娱乐读者，让人发笑）,(2)to persuade readers,（,说服读者接受某种观点）,(3)to inform readers,（,告知读者某些信息）,常见于,故事类,的文章。,to make people laugh;to tell an interesting experience,常见于,广告类,的文章。,to sell a product or a service;to attract more visitors/readers/audience,多见于,科普类,新闻报道类,文化类或社会类,的文章,.,3.,技巧点拨,(1),根据,文体类别,推断写作目的,(2),从,写作手法,来推断写作目的,Passage7,.“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.,The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to,_,.,A.,test the readers knowledge about waves,B.,draw the readers attention to the topic,C.,show Jamie Taylors importance,D.,invite the readers to answer them,Passage8,A young man from a village called,Nawalapitiya,married a young woman from,Maliyuwa,a nearby village.They lived with the mans big family-his parents,his brothers,their wives and children.The family kept an elephant,in which the young woman soon took a great interest.Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.,Three months later the woman went back to her parents home,having quarreled with her husband.Soon the elephant refused to eat or work.It appeared to be ill and heart-broken.One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house.,It went to the womans home.On seeing her,the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it.The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home.,The writer wrote the story in order to_.,A.show that elephants are very clever,B.tell how a woman trained a wild animal,C.show that women care more for animals than men do,D.tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife,1.,Question forms:,The passage is most likely to be,taken from_.,Where would this passage most probably,appear,?,The passage is most likely,a part of,_.,四、如何推断文章出处,2.,解题技巧,这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：,(1),报纸,(2),广告,(3),产品说明,Passage9,（,全国卷）,Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine?Do you know what is meant by“Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and see if you understand them.,To reduce pain,take two tablets with water,followed by one tablet every eight hours,as required.For night-time and early morning relief take two tablets at bedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.,For children six to twelve years old,give half the amount.For children under six years old,ask your doctors advice.,Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.,This text is most probably taken from a _.,A.,textbook,B.,newsreel,C.,doctors notebook,D.,bottle of medicine,Passage10,More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured each year.At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window.Wearing a seat belt saves lives;it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.,Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt.If you do not,you could be fined up to$50.It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt.But it will be the drivers responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind.,However,you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing,（,倒退）,your vehicle or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle;or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt.Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so,and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.,This text is taken from _.,A.a medical magazine,B.a police report,C.an advertisement,D.a government information booklet,More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured each year.,you could be fined up to$50,Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined,a police report,2.,解题技巧,推测,下文,的内容：根据,作者的思路,进行推理,推测,上文,的内容：,关注第一段,，特别是文段开始的几句话。,五推断上下文内容,Question forms:,The next paragraph would most probably deal with _,The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.,Passage 11,When early humans hunted and gathered food,they were not in control of their environment.They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did.When humans learned to make fire,however,they became capable of altering their environment.To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees,causing the trees to die.Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon.This development led to farming and the domestication of animals.Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible.Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.,The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _.,A.fire B.hunting C.farming D.urbanization,Strengthen(have a discussion),What should we pay attention to while dealing with such kind of exercises?,1.,推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。,2.,推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。,Conclusion,3.,推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心,思想。,4.,推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。,Read between the lines!,Thank you for your attention!,Homework:,课后巩固练习,阅读理解,A,B,C,D,E,