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Unit 1 Art
Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones., starting from the sixth century AD.
The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent __________(religion) themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident_________ ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)
During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.
One of the most important ___________(discover) during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and ________(deep). ____________ the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces _____ which this period is famous.
Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century)
In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly ___________(agriculture) society_____ a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away ________ the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and work in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as __________ of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.
Modern Art(29th century to today)
At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of _______ we call "modern art". This is ________ the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates _______a certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On ________ hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there _________ in the future?
Using Language
Reading
The Best of Manhattan’s Galleries
The Frick Collection(5th Avenue and E.70th Street)
Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery _________ any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection ______ the American people. Frick had a __________(prefer) for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. You can also explore Frick’s beautiful home and garden which are well ________（值得的） a visit.
Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)
This museum owns 5,000 modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art works are not all displayed at the same time. The exhibition is always changing. It will appeal _______ those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous. When you walk into the gallery, you fell as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell. The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs, just a circular path. The museum also has an excellent restaurant.
Metropolitan Museum of Art(5th Avenue and 82nd Street)
The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts if the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America. The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. It introduces you to ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house and other special exhibitions.
Museum of Modern Art(53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)
It is amazing ________ so many great works of from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse. A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very __________(crowd).
Whitney Museum of American Art(945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)
The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary painting and sculpture. There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time. Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.
词汇检测
1 realistic
2 abstract
3 faith adj. 短语
4对…采取…态度
5集中于, 专心于
6 consequently
7aim aim at
8 typical
9 很显然…
10脱离, 离开, 背弃
11 possess possessions
12 by coincidence
13 adopt
14企图 / 尝试做…
15一方面…， 另一方面…
16 a great deal
17. shadow
18. ridiculous
19.controversial
20. predict
21. specific
22. figure figure out
23.宁愿 宁可
24.对…偏爱 更爱
25. 很值得参观
26. 吸引 呼吁 恳求
27. exhibition
28. aggressive
29. scholar
30. reputation
31. civilization
32. visual
33. permanent
34. mittee
35. signature
Unit 2 Poems
Reading A few simple forms of English poems
There are __________(variety) reasons _________ people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong___________(impress). Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes. These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a mon type of children's poetry. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
（A）
Hush, little baby, don't say a word,
Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird.
If that mockingbird won't sing,
Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns to brass,
Papa's going to buy you a looking-glass.
If that looking-glass gets broke,
Papa's going to buy you a billy-goat.
If that billy-goat runs away,
Papa's going to buy you another today.
One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).
（B）
I saw a fish- pond all on fire
I saw a fish-pond all on fire,
I saw a house bow to a squire,
I saw a person twelve-feet high,
I saw a cottage in the sky,
I saw a balloon made of lead,
I saw a coffin drop down dead,
I saw two sparrows run a race,
I saw two horses making lace,
I saw a girl just like a cat,
I saw a kitten wear a hat,
I saw a man who saw these too,
And said though strange they all were true.
（C）
Our first football match
We would have won ...
if Jack had scored that goal,
if we'd had just a few more minutes,
if we had trained harder,
if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,
if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,
if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,
if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,
if we hadn't taken it easy,
if we hadn't run out of energy.
We would have won ...
if we'd been better!
Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines. With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.
（D）
Brother
Beautiful, athletic
Teasing, shouting, laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
（E）
Summer
Sleepy, salty
Drying, drooping, dreading
Week in, week out
Endless
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words. The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from the Japanese.
（F）
A fallen blossom
Is ing back to the branch.
Look, a butterfly!
( by Moritake)
（G）
Snow having melted,
The whole village is brimful
Of happy children.
(by Issa)
Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry - Tang poems from China in particular? A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English. This Tang poem (H) is a translation from the Chinese.
（H）
Where she awaits her husband
(by Wang Jian)
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back, Transformed into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top, wind and rain revolve.
Should the traveller return, this stone would utter speech.
Using Language
Listening，reading and discussing
I'VE SAVED THE SUMMER
(by Rod McKuen)
I've saved the summer
And I give it all to you
To hold on winter mornings
When the snow is new.
I've saved some sunlight
If you should ever need
A place away from darkness
Where your mind can feed.
And for myself I've kept your smile
When you were but nineteen,
Till you're older you'll not know
What brave young smiles can mean.
I know no answers
To help you on your way
The answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of the day.
But if you've a need for love
I'll give you all l own
It might help you down the road
Till you've found your own.
词汇检测
1. convey
2. emotion
3. 给某人留下深刻印象
4. 表达自己（的思想感情）
5 尤其，特别
6. 进球
7.不睡觉,熬夜
8.放松,不着急
9.用光
10.由……组成
11.轻松，不紧张
12. 目不转睛
13. contradictory
14. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
15. tease
16. endless
17.translation 被翻译成
18. 尤其
19. eventually
20. transform
21. sorrow
22. bare
23. appropriate
24. exchange
25. sponsor
26. pass
27. championship
28. dark n.
29. warm n.
30. scholarship
31. let out
32. load
Unit 3 A healthy life
Reading ADVICE FROM GRANDAD
Dear James,
It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end_____ the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing _______ at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It's my birthday in two weeks‘’ time and I'll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due _____ the healthy life I live.
This brings me to the real reason _____ my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding _____ difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is _______(stop). You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.
By the way, did you know that this is ________ you bee addicted in three different ways? First, you can bee physically addicted to nicotine, ________ is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body bees accustomed to having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. I remember feeling bad-tempered and sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you bee addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can bee mentally addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit. But I did finally manage.
When I was young, I didn't know much about the________(harm) effects of smoking. I didn't know, for example, that it could do terrible damage ______ your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to bee pregnant. I certainly didn't know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way. Neither ___________ that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. She told me that she wouldn't go out with me again ________ I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasn't enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit________(smoke).
I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and __________(strength) your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life _____ I have.
Love from
Granddad
How can you stop smoking?
It is not ea
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