小学英语语法句型.doc

语法：一般现在时一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态二. 构成及变化1.be动词的变化。肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。（1）当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。 如：We often play basketball after school.否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。 如：we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句? 如： What do you often do after school ?（2）当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well.否定句：主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well.一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?如： How does your father go to work?三.第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs.(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母,结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says四.时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every 现在进行时一.意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。二.构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句： 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他) Im doing my homework now .否定句：主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他. Im not doing my homework now.一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?What are you doing now ?句型：I 询问姓名年龄1, -Whats your name? -你叫什么名字？-My name is _. -我叫。2, -How old are you? -你几岁了？-Im 12. -我十二岁。II 询问颜色。1, -What colour is it? -它是什么颜色的？-Its yellow and white. -黄白相间。2, -What colour are they? -它们是什么颜色的？-Theyre green. -绿色的。III 询问数量或价钱。1, -How many kites can you see? -你可以看见几只风筝？-I can see 12. -我可以看见十二只风筝。2, -How many crayons do you have? -你有多少支彩笔？-I have 16. -我有十六支。3, -How many people are there in your family? -你家有几口人？-Three. -三口人。4, -How much is this dress? -这条连衣裙多少钱？-Its ninety-nine yuan. -九十九元。5, -How much are these apples? -这些苹果多少钱？-Theyre thirty-five yuan. -三十五元。IV 询问时间或日期。1, -What time is it now? -现在几点钟？-Its nine oclock. Its time for English class. -九点。该上英语课了。(-Its eight oclock. Its time to go to bed.) （-八点。该上床睡觉了。）2, -What day is it today? -今天星期几？-Its Monday. -星期一。(-What do we have on Mondays? （-我们星期一上哪些课？-We have Chinese, English, math ) -语文、英语、数学）3, -When is your birthday? -你的生日是什么时候？-Its October 1st, our National Day. -十月一日，国庆节。4, -When do you do morning exercises? -你们什么时候做早锻炼？-I usually do morning exercises at 8:30. -我们通常8：30做早锻炼。V 询问方位或地方。1, -Where is my toy car? -我的玩具汽车在哪儿？-Its here, under the chair. -在这儿，在椅子下面。2, -Where is the canteen? -餐厅在哪儿？-Its on the first floor. -在一楼。3, -Where are the keys? -钥匙在哪儿？-Theyre in the door. -在门上。4, -Excuse me. Where is the library, please? -对不起，请问图书馆在哪儿？-Its near the post office. -在邮局附近。5, -Where are you from? -你从哪儿来？-Im from China. -我从中国来。6, -Where does the rain e from? -雨是从哪儿来的？-It es from the clouds. -它是从云层里来的。VI 询问想吃的东西。1, -What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ? -你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么？-Id like some bread and milk / rice and soup. -我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。2, -Whats for breakfast / lunch / dinner? -早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？-Hamburgers and orange juice. -汉堡包和橙汁。VII 询问天气状况。1, -Whats the weather like in Beijing? -北京的天气如何？-Its rainy today. How about New York? -今天是雨天。纽约呢？-Its sunny and hot. -今天是晴天，天气很热。VIII 询问身体状况或情绪。1, -How do you feel? -你感觉如何？-I feel sick. -我觉得不舒服。2, -Whats the matter? -怎么了？-My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat. -我的喉咙疼。3, -How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. -你好吗，莎拉？你看起来这么伤心。-I failed the math test. -我的数学考试没有通过。IX 询问职业、身份或人物。1, -Whats your father / mother? -你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的？-Hes a doctor. / Shes a teacher. -他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。2, -What does you mother / father do? -你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的？-Shes a TV reporter. / Hes a teacher. He teaches English.-她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。3, -Whos that man / woman? -那位男士 / 女士是谁？-Hes my father. / Shes my mother. -他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。4, -Whos this boy / girl? -那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁？-Hes my brother. / Shes my sister. -他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。5, -Whos your art teacher? -你们的美术老师是谁？-Miss Wang. -王老师。-Whats she like? -她长什么样儿？-Shes young and thin. -她很年轻、苗条。X 询问兴趣、喜好。1, -Whats your favourite food / drink? -你最喜欢的食物 / 饮料是什么？-Fish / orange juice. -鱼。 / 橙汁。2, -Whats your favourite season? -你最喜欢的季节是什么？-Winter. -冬天。(-Which season do you like best? （-你最喜欢哪个季节？ -Winter.) -冬天。）-Why do you like winter? -你为什么喜欢冬天？-Because I can make a snowman. -因为可以堆雪人。3, -Whats your hobby? -你的爱好是什么？-I like collecting stamps. -我喜欢集邮。-Whats his hobby? -他的爱好是什么？-He likes riding a bike. -他喜欢骑自行车。4, -Do you like peaches? -你喜欢吃桃子吗？-Yes, I do. / No, I dont. -喜欢。/ 不喜欢。XI 询问平时一般或通常做的事情。1, -What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? -你星期六 / 周末一般做什么？-I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football. -我通常做作业，有时候踢足球。XII 询问正在做的事情。1, -What are you doing? -你在做什么？-Im doing the dishes. -我在洗盘子。2, -Whats your father doing? -你父亲正在做什么？-Hes writing an e-mail. -他正在写电子邮件。3, -Whats Mike doing? -迈克正在干什么？-Hes watching insects. -他正在观察昆虫。4, -Whats the tiger doing? -那只老虎在干什么？-Its running. -它在奔跑。5, -What are the elephants doing? -那些大象在干什么？-Theyre drinking. -它们正在喝水。XIII 询问将要做的事情。1, -What are you going to do? -你准备做什么？-Im going to the cinema. -我准备去看电影。-When are you going to do? -你准备什么时候去？-This afternoon. -今天下午。2, -Where are you going this afternoon? -今天下午你准备到哪儿去？-Im going to the bookstore. -我准备到书店去。-What are you going to buy? -你打算买点儿什么？-Im going to buy a ic book. -我准备买本漫画书。