非谓语动词讲课用.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,分词,不定式,动名词,非谓语动词,Explanation,1.,概念,:,在英语中,不能单独做句子的谓语,而是担任其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词,.,to do,doing,doing,done,作 用,种类,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语,不定式,动名词,分词,2.,非谓语动词在句子中的作用,1.,不定式和动名词做主语,To see him,is not easy this time.,Climbing mountains,is very interesting.,1.,作主语,to do,doing,不定式做主语一般表示具体的,将来的,有意识的动作,.,动名词做主语表示抽象的,无意,识的,习惯性的倾向,.,1).,日常英语中,特别是当主语较长而谓语较短时,常用,it,做形式主语,而将不定式放在后边,.,e.g.:It is human,to want,something better,.,精益求精是人的特性,.,2).,在,Its no use(,或,good,need),或,Its useless,等结构,中,常用,it,做形式主语,动名词,放后边,做真正的主语,.,It is a pleasure to help others,It is no use crying over split milk.,It is no use,sending him over,.,在主,系表结构中,主语和表语所采用的非谓语形式要一致,To see is to believe/seeing is believing.,3).,简短的揭示语中常用动名词,No,smoking,.,2.,不定式和动名词,做宾语,1).,有些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语,.,如,:hope,want,wish,decide,agree,promise,manage,learn ask,expect,decide,pretend,refuse,等,.,动词的宾语也可以是疑问词加动词不定式,(,除了,why,之外,),I dont know what to do.,Have you decided where to go?,2).,有些动词只能用动名词做宾语,.,如,:,mind,enjoy,give up avoid,admit,finish,escape,practise,suggest,insist on,cant help,object to,consider,等,He wants to avoid,making the same,mistake,being punished,_,犯同样,的错误,_,受惩罚,3).,有些动词既能用动词不定式又能用动名词做宾语,.,如,:,begin,like,forget,mean,remember,try,等,但意义有所不同,.,Losing heart means,losing everything,I did not mean,to hurt you.,4)need,want,require,后跟动名词的主动,形式表示被动意义,cleaning,requires,The room,wants,needs,to be cleaned,介词的宾语一般多用动名词而动词不定式只是在个别介词后面以“,wh+,不定式”的形式出现,He is fond of,swimming,.,He has his own idea of,how to,do it.,3.,动词不定式,动名词,分词都可做表语,.,3),作表语,to do,doing,done,All that I want is,to learn from practice.,His favorite sport is,playing basketball.,He is,disappointed.,他很失望,动词不定式和动名词做表语的区别,与做主语时一样,现在分词做表语,具有主动的含义,而过去分词做表语具有被动的含义,.,e.g.:The work was,tiring,.,The workers were,tired,.,The situation is,encouraging,.,形势令人鼓舞,.,The book is well,written,.,这本书写得很好,.,(3),做表语的不定式有时可以省略符号“,to”,这时在主语部分必须含有动词,do,而做表,语的不定式是解释,do,的精确意思,;,且这个,to,也可以不省略,.,All I did was,(to)give him a little,push,.,我只是稍稍推了他一下,.,What we want to do now is,(,to),lie down and rest.,4.,动词不定式,动名词和分词都可做定语,4),作定语,to do,doing,done,不定式作定语一般表将来,I have three letters to write.,动词不定式做定语时,被修饰的名词多为它的逻辑宾语,;,如果动词不定式是不及物动词时,要带介词,构成及物动词短语,.,There is a warm room,to live in,.,doing,动名词作前置定语表示用途,现在分词作定语与所修饰的词逻辑上有主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。,表示主动，进行,.,或当时的状态等,;,a swimming pool,a flying bird,=,a pool for swimming,a bird that is flying,=,I know the man,standing there,.,Is there anything,planned for,tonight,?,done,被动,+,完成,完成,The destroyed house will be rebuilt next year.,The house which has been destroyed,fallen leaves,the leaves which,have fallen,过去分词则常表示“被动动作发生在谓语动词的动作前”等,The library,_,next year,_,last year,_ at present,_the,biggest,one in,our,city,to be built,built,being built,will be,is,5.,动词不定式和分词都可做状语,5),作状语,to do,doing,done,*,动词不定式可以作目的，原因和结果状语,I came here to see you.,in order to/so as to,目的状语,Nice to meet you,原因状语,They lifted a rock only to drop it on their,own feet.,结果状语,动词不定式在某些形容词后,(,如,good,sorry,pleased,等,),作原因状语,(,也有人认为是宾语,),I am glad,to meet you,.,分词做时间,原因或条件状语时,通,常位于句子的前部,;,做方式,伴随或结,果状语时,通常位于句子的后部,.,Walking in the street,I saw her.(,时间状语,),The parents died,leaving him an orphan,.,(,结果状语,),3).,分词作状语表示时间，原因，让步，结果，,方式和伴随情况。其逻辑主语须与句子主语,一致。主动用,doing,，被动用,done,Being a student,I must study hard.,原因,The teacher stood,there,surrounded by,the students.,方式,He went out,leaving his homework undone.,He,leaving,Given more attention,the trees could have,grown better.,the trees,Given,条件,*,Time permitting,，,I will finish another lesson,Time,当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，,分词必须有自己的主语,*,While reading the book,，,he nodded from,time to time.,表示时间的分词短语可以,when,或,while,引导,6.,动词不定式和分词都可做补足语,6),作补语,to do,doing,done,He asked me to do the work with him.,I saw him going upstairs.,I saw a boat tied to a big tree,.,在,ask,tell,expect,force,invite,beg,后面作,宾语时，常单独使用,to,，避免重复,He didnt come,though we had invited him to.,bye bye,