托福听力全解ppt课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,托福听力全解,1,第一课,托福考试听力综述及备考方法,2,学术名词的介绍,ETS,:,Educational Testing Service,TOEFL,:,Test of English as a Foreign Language,PBT,:,Paper-Based Test,CBT/CAT,:,Computer-Based Test/Computer-Adaptive Test,iBT,:,Internet-Based Test,3,听力考试内容与形式,模块,（,Module,）,1,篇对话,（,Conversation,）,校园生活话题；,2-3,分钟,/,篇；,5,道题目,/,篇,2,篇讲座,（,Lecture,）,课堂授课话题；,4-6,分钟,/,篇；,6,道题目,/,篇,4,5,6,听力考试时间与题量,30,分钟,/,个模块：,20,分钟音频；,10,分钟,做,17,道题,形式一,2,个模块：,1,个小时,形式二,3,个模块：,1.5,个小时,7,8,听力考试特征描述,1.,长度大,3-5min,2.,学术性强,3.,先听音，后看题,4.,做题时间有限,5.,考生可做笔记,6.,题目不可回翻,9,考试报名流程,1.,报名准备,2.,电脑要求,3.,付费须知,4.,个人资料,5.,考生须知,6.,报名程序,10,Conversation,11,听力考试题型介绍,1.,主旨题,Gist,2.,细节题,Detail,3.,功能题,Function,4.,态度题,Attitude,5.,观点组织题,Organization,6.,推理推断题,Inference,12,Lecture,13,托福听力考察三大能力,1.Basic Comprehension,基本理解力,1).Gist,2).Detail,14,2.Pragmatic Understanding,实际理解力,1).Function,2).Attitude,15,3.Connecting Information,连接信息力,1).Organization,2).Inference,16,听力考试备考方法一：语音,1.,语速,托福：,180-220,词,/,分钟,软件：,Cool Edit,17,听力考试备考方法一：语音,2.,单个单词熟形不熟音,strategy strategic,ocean oceanic,declare declaration,18,听力考试备考方法一：语音,3.,语音现象,连读：辅音元音,get up check out,run out of all about it,in-side out put it off,19,听力考试备考方法一：语音,失爆：,/b/p/d/t/g/k/+,与其不相同的辅音，发后一个辅音，前一个做发音准备,blackboard breakfast,stop by sit down,lap top mid-term,20,听力考试备考方法一：语音,弱读：元音音素的弱化，指一个单词中的元音音素在口语中由于说话时语速快或在句子中处于次要位置而不被强调等原因，不能发完全而标准的读音，却变为强度较弱的其他元音的现象。,history,histri,histri,family,fmili,f,li,Iusedto,aijusttu,aijustu,21,听力考试备考方法一：语音,英美音差异,farther start floor,sport court perfect,western pattern,22,听力考试备考方法二：词汇,1.,四六级词汇,70%,2.,口语小词,10%,3.,专业词汇,20%,：记声音记意思不记拼写,23,听力考试备考方法二：词汇,艾宾浩斯记忆时间安排,5,分钟,30,分钟,12,小时,1,天,2,天,4,天,7,天,15,天,24,1,L1,2,L1,3,4,L1,5,6,7,8,L1,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,L1,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,L1,31,1,2,3,4,25,听力考试备考方法三：思维,1.,积极向上、善良正义,解决功能题,2.,要事第一原则,first thing first,解决主旨题,3.,间接回答,解决推理推断题,26,第二课,托福考试听力备考方法,27,听力考试备考方法四：听写,听写的必要性,28,听力考试备考方法四：听写,听写方法,：,1.,听全文：懂大意。,2.,听句子：注意第一遍没听清的句子。,3.,听字词：注意前两遍没听清的字词。,4.,听一句写一句，放音不可写,最多听,5,遍。,5.,打开文字答案核对纠错。,6.,总结造成听力障碍的语音点。,29,听力考试备考方法四：听写,练习：,Geography,30,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,1.,原则,自己能看懂,越少完整单词拼写,中英文相结合,线条、图画、符号并用,简练，切莫因记勿听,写而有用,31,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,2.,要点,开头部分：对话或讲座的主题、目的,总论点下的分类、分支及特点,解释程序步骤，注意先后顺序,重要时间、地点,人物身份、观点,32,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,最高级、比较级,说明多个原因、结果,表达态度、倾向性,33,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,3.,区别,长对话：记问题，解决办法，具体建议。,长段落：记概念，主要分支及其特点，重要时间、地点、数字，说话人态度，观点认可度。,34,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,4,.,信号词,时间：,previously,formerly,initially,first,now,presently,then,later,subsequently,next,finally,last,ultimately,before,after,meanwhile,when,immediately,35,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,举例：,for example,for instance,such as,in this/another case,in this situation,on this occasion,take the case of,to demonstrate,to illustrate,as an illustration,36,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,列举：,first(ly),second,third,last/finally,one,another,37,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,补充：,and,as well as,also,too,in addition,further,furthermore,38,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,比较：,like,likewise,as,both,similarly,at the same time,in comparison,39,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,转折：,on the other hand,in contrast,on the contrary,despite,regardless,notwithstanding,though,although,even though,in spite of,but,however,yet,nevertheless,instead,rather,whereas,40,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,强调：,definitely,extremely,especially,obviously,absolutely,positively,surprisingly,in fact,emphatically,indeed,in any case,unquestionably,without a doubt,best,only,41,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,因果：,because,since,for this reason,hence,resulting,as a result,so,then,thus,therefore,consequently,42,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,定义：,define,is defined as,known as,that is,the term means,we mean,we can state,we refer to,43,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,总结：,in short,in brief,in the end,in summary,in conclusion,to conclude,to reiterate,to sum up,finally,therefore,as already stated,44,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,5.,符号,数学符号,+,比较级：,more,+,最高级：,best,most,45,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,多于：,bigger,larger,greater,more than,高：,superior to,surpass,少于：,less,smaller,低：,inferior to,46,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,=,同等,:means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to,不同,:be different from,好：,right/good,famous/well-known,X,坏：,wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative,47,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,大约：,about/around,，,or so,，,approximately,属于：,belong to,be part of,fall into,pertain to,remain with,reside,原因,due to,because,because of,结果,consequently,therefore,thus,48,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,标点及其它,:,说话，观点,:say,speak,think,believe,?,问题,:question,issue,problem,(),在,.,之间,:among,within,*,重要的,:important,exemplary,best,outstanding,brilliant,49,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,转折,:but,however,yet,in fact,actually,while,nevertheless,&,和，与,:and,together with,along with,accompany,along with,50,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,上升、增加,:,ascend,climb,go up,mount up,move up,raise,rise,soar,下降、减少,:descend,drop,fall,go or come down,decline,之前,before,ago,之后,after,later,51,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,结论，导致,:bring on,conduce,induce,lead,make for,result in,52,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,6.,建议句型,So;See;Say;You know what;Guess what;Tell you what,Might;Just;(Maybe)you should,Why dont you,53,听力考试备考方法五：记笔记,Youd better do;You are better off doing sth.,Have you tried;What about,I wish they could,If I were you,I would,54,第三课,场景分类讲解,55,作业延期场景,场景特点,：,作业最后期限到了怎么办，能不能延期。,56,作业延期场景,做作业，尤其是做论文和写实验报告时，需要有,research,也需要,information,也需要,data,还要,interpret data,还要,check them out in the reference book,。还经常会谈到分配作业,split it up in halves,也会谈到润色问题,Im polishing the thesis,I was putting the finishing touches on my paper.,57,作业延期场景,场景词汇：,Paper/essay,论文,Term paper,学期论文,Thesis,（硕士）论文,Dissertation,博士论文,Dissertation proposal,博士论文的开题报告,58,作业延期场景,Project,课题,Term project,学期课题,Book report,读书报告,Lab report,试验报告,Presentation,发言,59,作业延期场景,Assignment/studies/class work/school work,作业,Due day,到期日,Deadline,最后期限,Extension,延期,60,作业延期场景,场景句型,：,The paper is due this coming Friday.,The deadline has been extended for a week.,There is a one-week extension.,The professor gave us an one week extension.,61,作业延期场景,I dont know whether I can get an extension.,I dont know whether I can make the deadline.,62,发言场景,所谓的发言，就是学生就教授布置的作业话题，准备材料，做一个十分钟左右的发言。,63,发言场景,场景总结：,发言只是教授作业中的一种，作业一般还包括论文、读书报告、实验报告、野外实习等。,64,图书馆、教科书、书店场景,场景特点,：,图书馆使用方式，到图书馆借书、还书，图书逾期未还、欠费；,书店购买教科书、有书没书、书价贵、平装,/,精装、书新,/,旧到,65,图书馆、教科书、书店场景,图书馆场景词汇：,Check out the book,借书,Return the book,还书,Librarian,图书管理员,Head librarian,图书馆长,Library card,借书卡,66,图书馆、教科书、书店场景,Stacks,书库,Index,索引,Circulation desk,出纳台,In circulation,已经借出,Reference desk,参考书借阅台,67,图书馆、教科书、书店场景,Rare book collection,典藏书,Book reservation,订书,Overdue,过期,Fine moratorium,罚金暂缓,Renewal,续借,Inter-library loan,馆际借阅,68,图书馆、教科书、书店场景,Study lounge,自习室,Periodical reading room,期刊阅览室,Magazine binder,杂志合订本,Current issue,现期杂志,Back issue,过期杂志,Copier/photocopier,复印机,69,图书馆、教科书、书店场景,教科书、书店场景词汇,：,Textbook,教科书,Pick up the book,买书,In stock,有货,Out of stock,没货,70,图书馆、教科书、书店场景,Paper back,平装,Hard back,精装,Far from new/outdated,绝对不新，过时,Order the book,订购这本书,Out of print,绝版,Second hand book,二手书,71,第四课,场景分类讲解,72,考试场景,场景特点,：,如何备考、备考资料丢失如何解决、备考中的问题、缺考、更改考试时间。,73,考试场景,场景词汇：,Comprehensive exam,综合测试,Mid-term exam,期中考试,Final exam,期末考试,Placement test,入学分班测试,Make up the exam,补考,74,考试场景,Quiz,小测验,Pop quiz,随堂小测验,Go over/through these questions,复习这些问题,Stay up/be up all night studying for the exam,熬夜准备考试,75,考试场景,Exam week/period,考试周,Pass the exam,考试及格,Fail in the exam,考试不及格,76,第五课,场景分类讲解,77,成绩场景,场景特点：,成绩出问题、成绩过低如何补救、申请提前获知成绩单。,78,成绩场景,场景词汇,：,Transcript/Official grade report,成绩单,Grade/mark/score,成绩,Full marks,满分,High mark/score,高分,Perfect grade,高分,79,成绩场景,Low grade,低分,Passing grade,及格分数,Falling grade,不及格分数,Straight As,全,A,B plus B,加,B minus B,减,80,宿舍场景,场景特点：,室友问题、宿舍布置问题、宿舍设施质量问题、宿舍维修问题。,81,宿舍场景,场景词汇：,Roommate,室友,Messy/chaotic,脏乱的,Vacuum cleaner,吸尘器,Rug cleaner,地毯清洁剂,Mop,拖地,82,宿舍场景,Dust bin/ash bin,垃圾箱,Spacious/roomy,宽敞的,Cramped,拥挤的,Tiny place,地方小,Storage space,储物间,Sofa,沙发,83,宿舍场景,Cabinet,橱柜,Closet,壁橱,Cupboard,碗橱,Bookcase/bookshelf,书架,Framed posters,带框的装饰画,Paint the room,刷油漆,84,找工作、实习场景,场景特点：,找工作：自己找；报纸；熟人,申请实习机会,找工作涉及成绩下降。,85,找工作、实习场景,场景词汇：,Apply for the job,申请工作,Turn down the job,拒绝工作,Hold down a job,保住工作,Hire,雇佣,Lay off/le somebody go,解雇,86,找工作、实习场景,Job hunting,找工作,Job search technique,找工作的方法,A letter of reference,推荐信,Morning shift,早班,Night shift,晚班,87,找工作、实习场景,Position,职位,Opening/vacancy,空缺（的职位）,Internship,实习机会,Intern,实习生,Workload,工作负担,Work schedule,工作时间表,88,第六课,场景分类讲解,89,艺术场景,场景特点：,绘画、雕刻、电影、文学、音乐、舞蹈、手工艺品、传播与媒体。,90,艺术场景,场景词汇：,Fine arts,美术,Oil painting,油画,Water color,水彩画,Mural painting/fresco,壁画,Engraving,版画,91,艺术场景,Lithograph,石板画,Landscape painting,风景画,Portrait,肖像画,Sketch,速写,/,素描,Perspective,透视画法,Drawing board,画板,92,艺术场景,Panorama,全景画,Sculpture,雕塑,Statue,塑像,Sculptor,雕塑家,Figurine,小雕像,Bust,半身雕塑像,93,艺术场景,Pose,散文,Autobiography,传记,Poetry,诗歌,Ballad,民谣,Fiction,小说,Allegory,寓言,94,艺术场景,Fairy tale,童话,Proverb,谚语,Main plot,主要情节,Leading character,主人公,Literary criticism,文学批评,Literary studies,文学研究,95,艺术场景,Schools of literature,文学流派,Realism,现实主义,Surrealism,超现实主义,Futurism,未来主义,Modernism,现代主义,Aestheticism,唯美主义,96,艺术场景,Musical instrument,乐器,Orchestra,（管弦）乐队,Note,音符,Score,乐谱,Movement,乐章,Hillbilly music,乡村音乐,97,艺术场景,Folk music,民间音乐,Classical music,古典音乐,Jazz,爵士乐,Symphony,交响乐,Rock and roll,摇滚乐,Band music/wind music,管乐,98,建筑场景,场景特点,：,古建筑、近代建筑、现代建筑,99,建筑场景,场景词汇：,Architecture,建筑学,Architect,建筑学家,Wing,辐楼,/,侧楼,Skyscraper,摩天大楼,Cabin,小木屋,100,建筑场景,Beam,梁,Planetarium,天文馆,Aquarium,水族馆,Archives,档案馆,Office building,写字楼,Cathedral,大教堂,101,建筑场景,Mosque,清真寺,The statue of liberty,自由女神像,The triumphal arch,凯旋门,Sphinx,狮身人面像、,Pyramid,金字塔,Castle,城堡,102,人类学、考古学场景,Anthropology,人类学,Anthropologist,人类学家,Originate,起源于,Hominid,人（科）；原始人类,Homogeneous,同一种族（种类）的,Clan,氏族,103,人类学、考古学场景,Archaeology,考古学,Archaeologist,考古学家,Excavate(unearth)v.,挖掘,Ruins,遗迹，废墟,Remains,遗迹，遗骸,Relic,遗物，文物,104,人类学、考古学场景,antique,古物，古董,antiquity,古代，古老,skull,颅骨,crania n.,头盖骨,cranial a.,颅骨的,105,人类学、考古学场景,Stone Age,石器时代,Bronze Age,（青）铜器时代,Iron Age,铁器时代,Paleolithic,旧石器时代的,Mesolithic,中石器时代的,Neolithic,新石器时代的,106,经济学场景,场景特点：,经济学发展史：总体发展、欧洲商业组织、工业革命期间的经济史、近代欧洲经济事件,经济学理论：原理、经济与市场,管理学理论：商业管理,107,经济学场景,场景词汇：,Consumer,消费者,Brand,商标,Guild,行会,Chamber of commerce,商会,Enclosure movement,圈地运动,108,经济学场景,Labor force,劳动力,Financial institution,金融机构,Industrial Revolution,工业革命,Boom,繁荣,Bust,萧条,Opportunity cost,机会成本,109,经济学场景,Productivity,生产力,Price elasticity,价格弹性,Monopoly,垄断,Oligopoly,寡头,Market research,市场调查,110,历史学场景,场景特点：,美洲、欧洲、亚太及非洲历史。,111,历史学场景,场景词汇：,Settlement,殖民地,Alliance,结盟,Federation,联邦,American Revolution,美国独立战争,Constitution,宪法,112,历史学场景,Barbarism,原始,Indigenous,土著的,Descendant,子孙后代,Ethnic,民族的,Monarch,帝王,Dynasty,朝代,113,第七课,场景分类讲解,114,生物学场景,场景特点：,微观生物学、古生物学、生物分类、生命的起源、进化和灭绝、生态学、生物入侵、生物地理学、生物的适应性、生物技术。,115,生物学场景,场景词汇：,Antibody,抗体,Toxin,毒素,Immunity,免疫,Immunology,免疫学,Vaccine,疫苗,116,生物学场景,Fungus,真菌,Virus,病毒,Bacteria,细菌,Fermentation,发酵,Inflection,传染，感染,Microorganism/microbe,微生物,117,生物学场景,Disinfection,消毒,Sterilization,灭菌,Animal adaptation,动物适应性,Survival of the fittest,适者生存,Origin of species,物种起源,Gene,基因,118,生物学场景,Respiration,呼吸,Ingestion,摄食,Digestive enzyme,消化酶,Nucleus,细胞核,Cytoplasm,细胞质,Plasma lemma/cell membrane,细胞膜,119,生物学场景,Cell wall,细胞壁,Protein,蛋白质,Amino acid,核酸,Heredity,遗传,Mutation of species,物种变异,Chromosome,染色体,120,植物学场景,场景特点：,植物学分类、发展、应用、具体物种。,121,植物学场景,场景词汇：,Botany,植物学,Botanist,植物学家,Botanical(botanic),植物的,Aquatic plant,水生植物,Parasite plant,寄生植物,122,植物学场景,Root,根,Canopy,树冠层，顶棚,Foliage(leaf),叶,Leaflet,小叶,Leafstalk,叶柄,Stem,茎,123,植物学场景,Stalk,杆,Shoot(sprout),嫩芽，抽枝,Trunk,树干,Branch,树枝,Bough,大或者粗的树枝,Twig,小树枝,124,植物学场景,Bark,树皮,Flower,花,Bud,花蕾,Petal,花瓣,Photosynthesis,光合作用,Pollen n.,花粉,v.,授粉,125,植物学场景,Pollinate v.,授粉,Pollination n.,授粉,126,动物学场景,场景特点：,动物领域、种类、栖息地、活动、特点、交流、情感。,127,动物学场景,场景词汇：,Zoology,动物学,Zoologist,动物学家,Darvinism,达尔文学说,Natural selection,自然选择,Kingdom,界,128,动物学场景,Phylum,门,Class,纲,Order,目,Family,科,Genus,属,Species,种,129,动物学场景,Vertebrate,脊椎动物,Invertebrate,无脊椎动物,Homotherm,恒温动物,Poikilotherm,变温动物,Mammal,哺乳动物,Reptile,爬行动物,130,动物学场景,Primate,灵长动物,Amphibian(amphibious animal),两栖动物,Rodent,啮齿动物,Plankton,浮游生物,Mollusk,软体动物,Coelenterate,腔肠动物（如珊瑚）,131,动物学场景,Aquatic(life),水生动物,Scavenger,食腐动物,132,气候学场景,场景特点：,气候形成、气候现象及危害,。,133,气候学场景,场景词汇：,Climatology,气候学,Atmosphere,大气层,Troposphere,对流层,Current,气流,Evaporate,蒸发,134,气候学场景,Damp/wet/moist/humid,潮湿的,Humidity,潮湿,Moisture,水份,Dew,露,Frost,霜,Fog/mist,雾,135,气候学场景,Droplet,小水滴,Downpour/torrential rain,倾盆大雨,Drizzle,细雨,Shower,阵雨,Tsunami/seismic sea wave,海啸,136,地质学场景,场景特点：,地球形成于结构，火山，矿物、岩石与土壤，沙漠，水。,137,地质学场景,场景词汇：,Crust,地壳,Mantle,地幔,Core,地核,Fault,断层,Igneous rock,火成岩,138,地质学场景,Sedimentary rock,沉积岩,Metamorphic rock,变质岩,Limestone,石灰岩,Granite,花岗岩,Marble,大理石,Lithosphere,岩石圈,139,地质学场景,Magma/molten lava,岩浆,Mineral,矿物,Ore,矿石,Deposit,矿床,Rubble,碎石,140,地质学场景,Ore,矿石,Deposit,矿床,Rubble,碎石,141,TOEFL,听力,长演讲,142,Contents,Lecture topics review,Lecture,必备词汇分类,Lecture,行文结构和出题点介绍,Lecture,教学方法简介,Lecture,教学内容分类,143,Lecture topics,Art,Architecture,Industrial design,City planning,Crafts:weaving,knitting,fabrics,furniture,carving,mosaics,ceramics,folk and tribal art,Cave/rock art,Music and music history,Photography,Literature and authors,Books,newspapers,magazines,journals,144,Lecture topics,Life Science,Extinction of or conservation efforts for animals and plants,Fish and other aquatic organisms,Bacteria and other one-celled organisms,Viruses,Medical techniques,Public health,Physiology of sensory organs,Biochemistry,Animal behavior:migration,food foraging,defensive behavior,etc.,Habitats and the adaptation of animals and plants to them,Nutrition and its impact on the body,Animal communication,145,Lecture topics,Physical Science,Weather and atmosphere,Oceanography,Glaciers,glacial landforms,ice ages,Desert and other extreme environments,Pollution,alternative energy,environmental policy,Other planets,atmosphere,Astronomy and cosmology,Properties of light,optics,Properties of sound,Electromagnetic radiation,Particle physics,Technology of TV,radio,radar,Math,Chemistry of inorganic things,Computer science,Seismology(plate structure,earthquakes,tectonics,continental drift,structure of volcanoes),146,Lecture topics,Social Science,Anthropology of non-industrialized civilizations,Early writing systems,Historical linguistics,Business,management,marketing,accounting,TV/radio as mass communication,Social behavior of groups,community dynamics,communal behavior,Child development,Education,Modern history(including the history of urbanization and industrialization and their economic and social effects),147,TOEFL,听力必备词汇分类,必知词汇：跨专业学科通用词（包括常用动词、形容词、介词等）,E.g.:relate,illustrate,positive,among,认知词汇：本专业学科常识词（包括话题范围内所有学科的基本名词和属性词）,E.g.:marketing,finance,economics,predictable,选记词汇：各学科特定专有名词（非常识的术语、人名、地名，等）,E.g.:ideomotor,Colossus of Rhodes,Emma Lazarus,148,教授授课方式,教授一个人真情大放送（内容往往是结构性非常强的主旨,-,分观点,-,说明,-,举例,-,论证）,一个教授对一个学生讲解（学生提出问题,-,教授解释问题并找出学生问题根源,-,学生回答,-,教授小结并提出建议）,教授与多个学生互动课堂（教授提问,-,学生回答,-,教授讲解举例,-,总结）,教授引导学生讨论（教授不断提问引导话题,-,学生讨论探索答案并相互纠正,-,教授总结）,149,Lecture,出题点（行文结构）,Small talk(Functional),Introduction(Gist),New concept(Detail),Explanation(Pragmatic),Student interference(Detail),Quotation(Function),Giving examples(Connect content),Giving assignment(Details),150,教学方法,概念描述（,Definition,Explanation,Examples),概念类比（,Compare,）,概念对比（,Contrast,）,设问自答（,Rhetoric question),逻辑推理（,Logical Reasoning),问题和解答（