Unit-11-Letter-to-a-B-student.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,Unit 11 Letter to a B student,Debate,Shall we attach more importance to,extra-curricular,activities than to academic achievements?,.,Some useful words and phrases:,degree,学位,basic course,基础课,specialized course,专业课,diploma,毕业证,credit system,学分制,mark/score/grade,学分,individual study,自习,school discipline,校纪,drop out,辍学,cut a class,旷课,expel,sb,.from school,开除,tuition,学费,Educationalsystem,学制,Academicyear,学年,Term/semester,学期,Diploma,文凭,Tuition,学费,Major,主修课,Minor,辅修课,Specializedcourse,专业课,Compulsorycourse,必修课,Optionalcourse,选修课,.,Useful sentence structures,In my opinion/viewIt seems to me thatFrom my point of view,As everybody can see As is well knownAs is known to all,No one can deny the fact thatIt is indisputable thatMany experts point out that,People equate success in life with the ability of,The latest surveys show that quite a few students have unpleasant associations with homework/exam,People seem to fail to take into account that education does not end with graduation,A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time.In fact,it is unhealthy for them to spend too much time on their studies.,As an old saying goes:all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.,The majority of students believe that Part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills,which may put them in a favorable position inn the future job markets.,.,Who is Robert Oliphant?,?,.,Robert Oliphant,An American,professor,writer,columnist(,专栏作家,),and even,executive director(,常务董事,),.,.,In 1938,he graduated from,Washington and Jefferson College,.,.,Later,he became an English professor at,California State University,at Northridge,its one of the nations largest public universities.,.,Moreover,he was also a visiting professor(,客座教授,)of English and Linguistics(,语言学,)at,Stanford University,where he had studied medieval lexicography(,中世纪词典学,)and got a Ph.D.(,博士学位,).,.,His main works:,A Piano for Mrs.Cimino,“Oscar Wildes Earnest:A Chamber Opera for Eight Voices and Chorus.”,“Keynesian Pedagogy:An orthodoxy in Search of a Dustbin(1986)”,；,“Stalking the Soft Option:Some Notes on Overinflated Grading Standards(1980)”,；,“Toward a Theory of Reading Sequence(1973)”and so on.,.,.,Vocabulary quiz,n_ level of achievement most students are expected to reach;what is considered as standard,s_ to move or change from one position or direction to another,e_ the qualifications or abilities required for doing something,o_ to counterbalance or compensate for,p_ a way of regarding a situations,facts,etc.,.,_ to accept something for what it appears to be,_ to have the tendency to,t_ an official record of a students school progress and achievements,p_ skill;ability,_ to match;to be similar or equal to,r_ to keep;to continue to have,a_ what is thought to be true or will happen,without any real proof,Vocabulary quiz,.,f_ not clear,h_ disposition,temperament,r_ fixed ways of doing things,f_ to visit frequently,r_ to feel bitter or indignant at,g_ the machinery in a vehicle that turns power from the engine into movement,c_ using force to persuade people to do what they are unwilling to do,Vocabulary quiz,.,h_ to shape or carve from some material,k_ to make things such as clothes by using two long needless to connect wool or other kinds of thread into joined rows,c_ one of a pair of numbers and/or letters that show the exact position of a point on a map or graph,Vocabulary quiz,.,2-1,The text is a letter to a B student.In the letter the author analyzes what the grade means and doesnt mean,and tells the student the way we should regard grades.In the end the author illustrates the importance of learning and gives encouragement to the student.,Text analysis,.,2-2-1,Structural analysis,Paragraphs 2 5,purpose of writing:to put your disappointment in perspective by considering exactly what your grade means and doesnt mean,Paragraph 1,introduction,Paragraphs 6,8,distinction between the student as a performer in the classroom and the student as a human being,Paragraphs 9,10,perspective:the way we should regard grades,.,Questions for Paragraph 1,What change about grades has the writer mentioned briefly?And what,according to the writer,has caused the change?,The writer has mentioned briefly the change in the way grades are regarded,i.e.the norm has shifted upward.The change has to do with the general social climate where grades determine eligibility for graduate school and special programs.This is why the writer says there is nothing he can do to remove the feeling of disappointment.,.,Questions for Paragraph 2-5,How does the writer explain the notion of disappointment?,Refer to Paragraph 2.Disappointment is a negative feeling.It is the stuff bad dreams are made of.what deserves our attention here is that the writer explains disappointment in relation to success.,.,What does a grade mean and what does it not mean?,It means the successful completion of a specific course at a certain level of proficiency.It is and indication of the level of the students performance of some conventional tasks.It may also be an indication of the knowledge the student has acquired.,Questions for Paragraph 2-5,.,What is the writers view concerning social labels?,Social labels are,on the one hand,irrelevant and misleading,and,on the other hand,necessary in a complex society.,Questions for Paragraph 9-10,.,How does the writer relate a students academic performance with his future life?,While a students performance at school may be quite consistent throughout his school years and what he has learned at school may help him after he leaves school,in the long run he will depend much more on himself,i.e.he will have to learn to find his way when traveling in his life path.A grade B student may turn out to be a grade A life achiever.,Questions for Paragraph 9-10,.,Now,time for language points,hiahiahia,.,far superior to,better in quality than,e.g.,The visiting team turned out to be far superior to the host team in teamwork.,Paragraph 1,.,A decent(,得体的，正派的,)grade(in the past).,Its considered that“Gentlemans C”as an,average grade,(,平均等级,)is seriously,behind the times,(,过时，落伍,),todays“average”grade is a“B”.A few years ago,the“Gentlemans C”prevailed(,流行，盛行,)in universities.,Gentlemans agreement n.,君子协定,Gentlemanship n.,绅士的身份、品格,Paragraph 1,Gentlemans C,.,(1)How to Calculate Grades,Grade,Description,4-point Equivalent,100-point,A,Superior,4.0,96-100,A-,Superior,3.7,90-95,B+,Good,3.3,87-89,B,Good,3.0,83-86,B-,Good,2.7,80-82,.,Grade,Description,4-point Equivalent,100-point,C+,Satisfactory,2.3,77-79,C,Satisfactory,2.0,73-76,C-,Satisfactory,1.7,70-72,D,Poor,1.0,65-69,F,Failure,0.0,0-64,.,3.text1-W-norm1,norm,n.,标准，规范,level of achievement most students are expected to reach;what is considered as standard.,2)the usual or normal situation,way of doing something etc.,e.g.,Joyces style of writing was a striking departure from the literary norm.,Explanation,：,e.g.,Short-term contracts are now the norm with some big companies.,Paragraph 1,.,3.text1-W-norm2,Practice,:,Translate the following sentences into English:,1),犯罪行为似乎是这一带的正常现象。,2),在社会中生活就要遵循社会行为准则。,Criminal behavior seems to be the norm in this neighborhood.,You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in.,Paragraph 1,.,3.text1-W-shift1,shift,v.,移动，,转移；转变,to move or change from one position or direction to another,2)transfer something,e.g.,The teacher shifted the chairs around in the classroom.,Explanation,：,e.g.,The wind shifted from east to north.,e.g.,The president is shifting the focus of the debate to foreign policy issues.,Paragraph 1,.,3.text1-W-eligibility1,eligibility,n.,合格,有资格,the qualifications or abilities required for doing something,Explanation,：,eligibility for sth.,Collocation:,e.g.,eligible to join a club,eligible,adj.,Derivation:,e.g.,eligible for promotion,Paragraph 1,.,3.text1-W-eligihility2,Practice,:,Translate the following sentences into English:,1),她的资历和经验决定她适合做这项工作。,2),任何年满十八岁的公民都有选举权。,Her qualifications and experience confirm her eligibility for the job.,Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.,Paragraph 1,.,3.text2-W-inadequacy1,inadequacy,n.,不适当,不十分,不完全,being too low in quality or too small in amount,2)fault or failing;weakness,e.g.,the inadequacy of local health care,e.g.,the inadequacies of the present voting system,Explanation,：,e.g.,realize ones personal inadequacy,e.g.,An inadequate supply of vitamin A can lead to blindness.,inadequate,adj.,Derivation:,e.g.,The parking facilities are inadequate for such a busy shopping center.,e.g.,The teacher made us feel inadequate and stupid if we made mistakes.,Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-W-inadequacy2,Practice,:,Translate the following sentences into Chinese:,1)Unemployment can often cause feelings of inadequacy and,low self-esteem.,2)I always feel inadequate when faced with a difficult problem.,失业常使人感到自信不足、自尊心受挫。,面对难题我总是觉得力不从心。,Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-W-repute1,repute,n.,名望,名气,声望,reputation,e.g.,a man of good repute,e.g.,a hotel of some repute,Explanation,：,e.g.,She is reputed to be extremely wealthy.,reputed,adj.,reputedly adv.,Derivation:,e.g.,The committee had reputedly spent over$3000 on“business entertainment”.,Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-W-repute2,e.g.,Since the scandal,the school has rather fallen into disrepute.,e.g.,The use of drugs is bringing the sport into disrepute.,disrepute n.,声誉不好,声明狼藉,Practice,:,Translate the following sentences into English:,1),他是个名不见经传的大学教师。,2),安迪在他的家乡臭名昭著。,He has little repute as an academic.,Andy is a man of bad repute in his hometown.,Paragraph 2,.,The,essence,of success is that,Inner nature;indispensable quality;the most important part,Paragraph 2,.,Zero-sum game,Zero-sum game,（,零和游戏,/,博弈,）：,A situation in which if one person gains an advantage form it,someone else involved in it must suffer an equivalent disadvantage.,博弈论的英文名为,game theory,，直译就是“游戏理论”。游戏者有输有赢，一方所赢正是另一方所输，游戏的总成绩永远是零。“零和游戏”之所以广受关注，主要是因为人们发现，在社会的方方面面都有与“零和游戏”类似的局面，胜利者的光荣后面往往隐藏着失败者的辛酸和苦涩。,Positive sum game,正和游戏,(,“双赢”或“多赢”,),Negative sum game,负和游戏,(,没有赢家,),Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-W-,offset,1,offset,v.,抵消，补偿,to counterbalance or compensate for,Explanation,：,Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-W-,offset,2,Practice,:,Translate the following sentences into English:,1),他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。,2),抵押贷款利率的提高，其中一部分可因免税额增加而相抵,消。,He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.,Higher mortgage rates are partly offset by increased tax allowances.,Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-S_.wining1,.winning is not the most important thing its the only thing,Paraphrase:,Winning is of primary importance;nothing could be more important than winning.,胜利不是最重要的，而是唯一重要的。,Explanation:,This is a special type of negation.The author is not negating the importance of winning;rather,with the sentence that follows the negative one,the author gives the utmost emphasis to the importance of winning.,Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-W-,go under,1,go under,失败，破产；沉没,to fail;to be overwhelmed,Explanation,：,e.g.,His business went under because of competition from the large corporations.,e.g.,Poor Donaldson had no head for business,and it was not long before he went under.,Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-W-,go/be broke,go/be broke,破产,to become penniless;to go bankrupt,e.g.,It is no use asking me for a loan of$5;Im broke myself.,Explanation,：,e.g.,The business kept losing money and finally went broke.,Practice,:,Translate the following sentences into Chinese:,A lot of small businesses went broke in the recession.,2)The inventor went broke because nobody would buy his machine.,经济不景气，很多小公司都倒闭了。,由于没有人愿意买那个发明者的机器，他最终破产了。,Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-S_.To lose,To lose,to fail,to go under,to go broke these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future.,Paraphrase:,Being unsuccessful in ones life and career and financially disadvantaged is regarded as shameful or even sinful because in this world people tend to think that only those who are successful now can be saved from evil in the future.,失利失败，倾家荡产是很可怕的过错，因为在当今世界，人们认为眼下的兴隆发达预示着将来必能从困境中脱身。,Deadly sinsThe phrase specifically refers to“the seven,deadly sins”:pride,covetousness(,贪婪,),lust,（色欲）,anger,gluttony,（暴食）,envy and sloth,（懒惰）,.,Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-W-shrug away/off,shrug away/off,对,满不在乎，对,不屑一顾,to treat something as unimportant,Explanation,：,e.g.,She can shrug away her troubles and keep smiling.,Practice,:,Translate the following sentences into Chinese:,I asked her where Sam was,but she just shrugged her shoulders,i.e.to show she didnt know or didnt care.,2)We cant just shrug these objections off.,我问她萨姆在哪儿，她只是耸了耸肩（表示不知道或与自己无关）。,我们不能轻视这些反对意见。,Paragraph 2,.,3.text2-W-put/see/view in perspective,put/see/view in perspective,正确看待,to judge the real importance of something by considering it in relation to other things,e.g.,You must put the story in its right perspective.,e.g.,to see problems in their true perspective,Explanation,：,Practice,:,Translate the following sentences into English:,1),他观察事物很正确。,2),你应该用历史的观点看待这些事件。,He sees things in their right perspective.,You should see the events in their historical perspective.,Paragraph 3,.,3.text2-W-take at face value,take at face value,根据外表判断,to accept something for what it appears to be,e.g.,If you take his remarks only at their face value you will not have understood his full meaning.,e.g.,She took his stories at face value and did not know he was joking.,Explanation,：,Practice,:,Translate the following sentences into English:,1),她好像够亲切的，可是我不应该信以为真。,2),你不应该总是对他的话信以为真。,She seems friendly enough but I shouldnt take her at her face value.,You shouldnt always take his remarks at their face value.,Paragraph 3,.,3.text2-W-apt to,be apt to,易于,倾向于,to have the tendency to,e.g.,apt to be forgetful,e.g.,apt to be quick-tempered,Explanation,：,e.g.,Some of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays.,e.g.,A Frenchman talked very rapidly,and was apt to become excited.,e.g.,Days in summer are apt to linger.,Practice,:,Translate the following sentences into English:,1),我的钢笔易漏墨水。,2),粗心的人容易犯错误。,My pen is rather apt to leak.,A careless person is apt to make mistakes.,Paragraph 3,.,is apt to dangerously,misleading,Making you think or act wrongly,Paragraph 3,.,3.text3-W-transcript 1,transcript,n.,抄本，副本，文字记录；成绩报告单,an official record of a students school progress and achievements,2)written or recorded copy of what has been said or written,e.g.,Jane was in tears,holding her college transcript in hand.,e.g.,A transcript of the tapes was presented in court as evidence.,Explanation,：,transcribe,v.,抄写，转录,e.g.,She jotted down a few notes,and later transcribed them into an exercise book.,e.g.,A secretary transcribed the witnesses statements.,Derivation:,Paragraph 4,.,3.text3-W-transcript 2,transcription,n.,抄,(,誊,),写；抄,(,誊,),本,e.g.,errors made in transcription,Practice,:,Translate the following phrases into Chinese:,1)the transcript of court testimony,2)an academic transcript,3)transcript card,4)a transcript of the trial,法庭证词的纪录,学生成绩报告单,录制卡片