A-Horse-and-Two-Goats课文.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,書式設定,書式設定,第,2,第,3,第,4,第,5,*,Unit 8,A Horse and Two Goats,1,Pre-reading Task,What do you think might cause misun-derstanding in communication?,What factors are considered important in successful communication?,Discuss the following questions.,Book 3-Unit 8,Cultural note:Hindu Gods,2,Factors in Successful Communication,Knowledge,of each others background information(e.g.,who are they?Where are they from?),2.Willingness,on both parties to negotiate a result from the conversation(e.g.,asking for clarification,offering additional information,or making efforts in various means such as body language of gestures,or facial expressions,etc.,to make ones message easier to understand),3.Being responsive,to each other(contributing the required information relevant to the concerns of the other party,not more,not less in quantity),Book 3-Unit 8,3,Hindu Gods,:,Lord Vishnu,In the basic Hindu Trinity of Brahma,Vishnu and Shiva,the Hindu god Vishnu is the preserver and protector of creation.Vishnu is the embodiment of mercy and goodness,the self-existent,all-pervading power that preserves the universe and maintains the cosmic order Dharma.,Book 3-Unit 8,4,5,Hindu Gods,:,Lord Vishnu,毗湿奴,又称遍入天，印度教的另一位主神，被认为是宇宙的维护者，也是同恶魔作战的尖兵，他“有四手，分握轮宝，法螺，弓箭，莲花和仙杖。骑着大鹏金翅鸟（伽楼罗），肚脐上生一莲花，上坐梵天。”,传说他有一千个称号，十个化身，分别为：鱼，龟，野猪，人狮，倭人，持斧罗摩，罗摩，黑天，佛陀，迦尔基。其中迦尔基为持宝剑，骑白马的救世主，肩付着与湿婆相同的任务即毁灭旧世界，建立新世界。,而著名的鳊史诗,罗摩衍那,则是以毗湿奴的化身罗摩为主面，也可以看成是一曲毗湿奴的颂歌。,6,An Overview of the 9 Principal Avatars of Vishnu,First incarnation of Vishnu:Matsya the Fish,Second incarnation of Vishnu:Kurma the Turtle,Third incarnation of Vishnu:Varaha the Boar,Fourth,incarnation of Vishnu:Narasingha the Lion,Fifth incarnation of Vishnu:Vamana the Dwarf,Book 3-Unit 8,7,Sixth incarnation of Vishnu:Parasurama,Seventh incarnation of Vishnu:Ram,Eighth incarnation of Vishnu:Krishna,Ninth incarnation of Vishnu:Buddha,Tenth Incarnation of Vishnu:,Kalki,the horse,still to come,to the earth,at the end of the Kaliyuga or the present age of decline.,Book 3-Unit 8,8,Text Summary,Text Organization,Question for Discussion,Difficult Sentences,Drama,Comprehension Work,Book 3-Unit 8,9,Text Summary,Listen to the text and fill in the blanks to complete the summary of the text.,The story is about an _ between _ and _ in India,neither of whom _ _.As a result,the Americans intention of _ is misunderstood by the Indian as an offer to _.,encounter,an old Indian villager,an American tourist,understand the,others language,buying the statue of a horse,buy his two goats,Book 3-Unit 8,10,Text Organization,First half of the story,Second half of the story,From the beginning to,Then,he turned to go,.(Para.11),From,The other seized his shoulder,(Para.12)to the end,The American tried to strike a conversation about the,statue of the horse he admired,but the old man mistook,him for a police officer investigating a recent murder in the,neighbourhood.,Both parties tried to employ different means of communication,to work out the other,s intention.But the misunderstanding,continued and got worse,finally leading to a hilarious ending,when the American was left alone waiting with two thin goats.,Book 3-Unit 8,11,1.Where did the event take place?,1)A mountain village in India,at the village entrance,2)The local language:Tamil,not English as readers may assume,1)Dowsing,not doing much,or just watching two goats graze in the pasture,2)Slow life,boring,but a pastoral style,3)Not rich,poor village,Question for Discussion,2.What was the old man doing at the beginning of the story?,Book 3-Unit 8,12,A police officer,Dressed in Khaki,卡其色,jacket,like a policeman in uniform,A murder not long ago in his neighborhood,Explaining everything at length,uttering each syllable carefully,pausing from time to time,2)Smiling politely,trying to be friendly,3)Causing more misunderstanding than successful communication,4.How did the American try to make the old man understand him and what was the result?,3.What did the old man take the American tourist for at the beginning?And why did he think so?,Book 3-Unit 8,13,The horse:a sacred imagea future reincarnation as the tenth avatar,2)Avatar,the Guardian,the Redeemer,to save the villagers,and punish the wicked or evils at the end of the world,3)The horse:hope of future bliss and eternal happiness for the villagers,5.What was special about the horse according to the old man?,Book 3-Unit 8,14,1)The American flourished the 100-rupee note,his eyes,his patting the goats on the backs,etc.,2)His long-time dream to exchange goats for money for his projects,For the old man:taking the goats away in that vehicle,For the American:taking the horse statue away in that wagon,7.What did the old man mean by pointing at the wagon and what did the American mean by saying,Yes,of course?,6.What made the old man believe that the American wanted to buy his two goats?,Book 3-Unit 8,15,1)No common language(Language barrier),2)Lack of shared information between them(The American tourist had no knowledge about the horse statue;he took it as a commodity;but the idea of selling the horse statue was last thing that the old man would think of.),3)Body language is a useful means of communication in expressing emotions such as,anger,happiness,satisfied,or,complacency,but very limited in its informative power such as expressing the concept of,murder,neighbourhood,avatar,a god citizen,punishing the evil,or getting help for you,etc.,8.Analyze the reasons for the failure of communication between the old man and the American tourist.,Book 3-Unit 8,16,Difficult Sentences,在印度一个叫基瑞坦的小村庄的村口,屹立着一座魁伟的守护神。这座神像是一匹腾空跃起的骏马，它高昂着头，前蹄凌空，尾巴挥舞成圈。,1.At the entrance of the small Indian village of Kiritan,there stood a massive guardian in the shape of a prancing horse,with his head held high proudly,his forelegs in the air and his tail looped up with a flourish.,having the shape of a horse springing up from its hind legs.,The horses tail curled up spiritedly.A,flourish,is a decorative display intended to make people notice it.,The horse was worshipped by the villagers as a protector of the village.,Massive,indicates that the horse statue is not only large in size,but also heavy in weight.Here is one more example:,The new stadium is a massive building.,Book 3-Unit 8,17,接下来的谈话，双方越谈越让对方糊涂。印度人絮絮叨叨地谈论主神,毗湿奴,的各种化身，而美国人则为购买那尊雕像讨价还价。,They continued to talk at cross purposes.,mystification:,n.,when someone or something confuses you by being impossible to understand:e.g.-,And then,to the audiences mystification,the band suddenly stopped playing.,2.A conversation leading to mutual mystification followed,with the Indian chattering away about various,avatars of God Vishnu,and the American trying to drive a bargain for the purchase of the statue.,try to get a cheaper price for,Book 3-Unit 8,18,老人现在意识到他们的谈话中牵涉进了一些金钱因素。他仔细地打量着那张纸币，这种东西他这辈子还从没见过。,3.The old man now realized that some financial element was entering their talk.He peered closely at the note,the like of which he had never seen in his life.,A fairly formal usage,meaning here“notes of this kind/notes of such a large amount of money”.This sentence indicates the poverty of the old man in the story.The expression can have another form,the likes of,The old man now realized that they were talking about money.,Book 3-Unit 8,19,Drama,Task 1,Work with your partner to act out the dialogue between the old man and the American tourist.Suppose both of them can speak English and then you will see how comical their conversation is,using the clues on page 121.,Book 3-Unit 8,20,Task 2,The American and the old Indian man talked at cross-purposes,i.e.they misunderstood and talked irrelevantly to each other.Suppose you were the son or daughter of the old man and understood English.Now,help your dad to complete the dialogue on page 122 so that the talk makes sense.,Book 3-Unit 8,21,A:,How do you do?,B:,A:,Do you smoke?Im from New York,have you heard of America?,B:,A:,I am sure you must know when this horse was made.,B:,A:,Please try to understand me.I arrived three weeks ago and have travelled five thousand miles since,seeing your wonderful country.,B:,A:,Is this statue yours?Will you sell it to me?,B:,A:,Will you take this hundred rupee note for this horse?,B:,A:,If thats not enough,I guess I can go a little higher.,A:American tourist,B:the old Indian,Book 3-Unit 8,22,Language Work,Body Language,In Other Words,Work with Sentences,A Joke,Book 3-Unit 8,23,Understanding&Misinterpretation,The old man and the American both depended a lot on body language for communication.However,they frequently misinterpreted each other.Guess the intended message and the misinterpretation of the following sentences.,(page 122),Body Language,Book 3-Unit 8,24,1.He cried,pacing slowly around the statue he wore a khaki-coloured shirt,speaking politely to the old man.,Correct understanding:,The Indians interpretation:,The American tourist showed an interest in the statue and was,overwhelmed by its beauty and craftsmanship.,The man in the khaki shirt behaved strangely,pacing around,the statue,he seemed to be thinking hard about something.He,must be a police officer,coming to investigate a recent murder,in the neighbourhood.,Book 3-Unit 8,25,The red-faced man glanced at the goats,took out a cigarette,and asked,Intended message:,The American happened to look in the direction of the goats.,He was going to offer a cigarette to old man to start a friendly,conversation.,The policeman understood that those two goats were my,property,not stolen animals.Look,hes going to smoke.It,seems hes not in a hurry to leave and hes going to question,me about the murder.,Book 3-Unit 8,The Indians interpretation:,26,3.“Im sure you must know when this horse was,made,”said the American tourist,and smiled,ingratiatingly.,The American tourist was trying to be nice and friendly to,the old man because he wanted to get more information out,of him.,The policeman probably had no more doubts about me,concerning the murder.,Intended message:,Book 3-Unit 8,The Indians interpretation:,27,4.He drew from his wallet a hundred rupee note.,The American tourist was making the Indian an offer for the,statue.,The police man wanted to change a large note.,Intended message:,Book 3-Unit 8,The Indians interpretation:,28,5.He peered closely at the note With a grin,he,told the man to go,The Americans interpretation:,The old man thought it funny that people should expect a poor,man like him to be able to change a large note.,The old man thought one hundred rupees was not enough.He,was trying to get a better bargain.,Intended message:,Book 3-Unit 8,29,6.The old man said,with his eyes travelling to his,goats.,He might looked at his goats by chance,or he might do it when,he remembered just then how much the village headman,disliked him and his animals.,The old man seemed to love his pets.Perhaps it would be good,policy to show an interest in the old mans goats.,Intended message:,The Americans interpretation:,Book 3-Unit 8,30,7.He went up to them casually and stroked their,backs.,The Indians interpretation:,He wanted to show the old man that he also loved his goats.,The foreigner showed an interest in my goats.Oh,yes.He,wanted to buy them.,Intended message:,Book 3-Unit 8,31,8.The old man pointed at the station wagon.,The Indian wanted to know if the American was going to ship,the goats home in that vehicle.,The old man was asking if I was going to ship the statue home,in the vehicle.,Intended message:,The Americans interpretation:,Book 3-Unit 8,32,9.So saying,he brought his palms together in salute,turned round,and was soon out of sight.,The old man was grateful for this foreigner who helped him to,make his dream come true.He went away quickly because he,was afraid the goats might follow him.If that happened,he,would not get the money he needed.,The old man was grateful for the money and had gone to get,some help to move the heavy statue into my vehicle.,Intended message:,The Americans interpretation:,Book 3-Unit 8,33,In Other Words,Put the following expressions from the text in the blanks.(page 123:B),The old castle was surrounded by _ walls.,Im sorry to _ you,but could you tell me how this machine works?,The girl wept and _ until her mother agreed to do as she wished.,Cows are _ to many Indian people.,The retired editor needed a lot of _ to start up a new newspaper.,The millionaire _ to his grandchildren the story of his success.,The middle-aged employee always spoke to his boss in an _ manner and was looked down on by his colleagues.,One should be _ when talking about other peoples religious beliefs.,plead,respectful,capital,disturb,massive,relate,pleaded,related,sacred,ingratiating,Click the,word,Book 3-Unit 8,34,Work with Sentences,Rewrite the following sentences using the expressions below(page 124:C),get out of sightreact torefer todawn on pace(v.),at the thought of make one an offer for sound policy to do.,The father suddenly realized that his son was lying to him.,The foreigner offered to buy the old jar and the old woman found herself unable to refuse.,The boy responded to his teachers criticism by turning his back on the teacher.,The prisoner felt very regretful when he thought of his past.,It suddenly dawned on the father,that,his son was lying to him.,The foreigner,made the old woman an offer for,the old jar,and she found herself unable to refuse.,The boy,reacted to,his teachers criticism by turning his back on the teacher.,The prisoner felt very regretful,at the thought of,his past.,Book 3-Unit 8,35,He stood at the street corner,following his mother with his eyes until he could no longer see her.,I dont know which companies she was talking about when she spoke of some competing firms.,Mother walked back and forth in the corridor while her daughter was having an operation inside the operation theatre(,手术室).,I think that it is a wise decision to ban smoking in all public places.,I dont know which companies she was,referring to,when she spoke of some competing firms.,I think that it is,sound policy to,ban smoking in all public places.,Mother,paced up and down the corridor,while her daughter was having an operation inside the operation theatre.,He stood at the street corner,following his mother with his eyes until,she got out of sight.,Book 3-Unit 8,36,A,Joke,Read and explain the joke in small groups.Point out the fallacy for the humor.(page 124:D),A Horse with an Infinite Number of Legs,Book 3-Unit 8,Check Your Answer,The joke is based on the play on the words of,fore-legs,and,odd number,.,Fore-legs,means front legs,but it sounds like four legs.,An odd number,means a strange number,but it can also mean a number that cannot be divided into two whole number.,37,Book 3-Unit 8,Return to Menu,38,