中国书法英文版.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Chinese Calligraphy,李丹丹,Introduction,Tools,The scripts,Introduction,Chinese calligraphy is a form of calligraphy widely practiced in China and revered in the Chinese cultural sphere,which often includes Japan,Taiwan,Korea and Vietnam.The calligraphic tradition of East Asia originated and developed from China.Chinese calligraphy and ink and wash painting are closely related,since they are accomplished using similar tools and techniques.,styles of calligraphy,Chinese English,甲骨文,oracle bone script,金文,bronze script,篆书,seal script,隶书,clerical or offical script,草书,cursive or grass script,楷书,regular or standard script,行书,running or semi-cursive script,oracle bone script,Oracle bone script,Because turtle shells as well as bones were used,the oracle bone script is also sometimes called shell and bone script.,As the majority of oracle bones bearing writing date to the late Shang dynasty,oracle bone script essentially refers to a Shang script.People believed that the shells told powers of their gods,so that is why it is called Oracle Bone Script.,Oracle bone script was the form of Chinese characters used on oracle bonesanimal bones or turtle plastrons used in pyromantic divinationin the late 2nd millennium BCE,and is the earliest known form of Chinese writing.,bronze script,bronze script,Chinese bronze inscriptions,also commonly referred to as Bronzeare writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on Chinese ritual bronzes such as zhng bells and dng tripodal cauldrons from the Shang dynasty to the Zhou dynasty and even later.,Early bronze inscriptions were almost always cast(that is,the writing was done with a stylus in the wet clay of the piece-mold from which the bronze was then cast),while later inscriptions were often engraved after the bronze was cast.,seal script,seal script,The seal script is the formal script of the Qn system of writing,which evolved during the Eastern Zhu dynasty in the state of Qn and was imposed as the standard in areas Qn gradually conquered.,Today,this style of Chinese writing is used predominantly in seals,hence the English name,is seal script.,Most people today cannot read the seal script,so it is considered an ancient script,generally not used outside the fields of calligraphy and carved seals.,clerical or offical script,clerical or offical script,The clerical script is popularly thought to have developed in the Hn dynasty and to have come directly from seal script,.,The archaic clerical script of the Chinese Warring States period to Qn Dynasty and early Hn Dynasty can often be difficult to read for a modern East Asian person,but the mature clerical script of the middle to late Hn dynasty is generally legible.,Clerical script characters are often flat in appearance,being wider than the preceding seal script and the modern standard script;some versions of clerical are square,and others are wider.,cursive or grass script,cursive or grass script,The cursive script(sometimes called grass script)is a fully cursive script,with drastic simplifications requiring specialized knowledge;even a person who can read the semi-cursive script cannot be expected to read the cursive script without training.,Entire characters may be written without lifting the brush from the paper at all,and characters frequently flow into one another.Strokes are modified or eliminated completely to facilitate smooth writing and to create a beautiful,abstract appearance.Characters are highly rounded and soft in appearance,with a noticeable lack of angular lines.,Due to the drastic simplification and ligature involved,this script is not considered particularly legible to the average person,and thus has never achieved widespread use beyond the realm of literati calligraphers.,regular or standard script,regular or standard script,The regular script(often called standard script)is one of the last major calligraphic styles to develop,emerging between the Chinese Hn dynasty and Three Kingdoms period,gaining dominance in the Southern and Northern Dynasties,and maturing in the Tng Dynasty.,As the name suggests,the regular script is regular,with each of the strokes placed slowly and carefully,the brush lifted from the paper and all the strokes distinct from each other.,For learners of calligraphy,the regular script is usually studied first to give students a feel for correct placement and balance,as well as to provide a proper base for the other,more flowing styles.,running or semi-cursive script,running or semi-cursive script,The semi-cursive script approximates normal handwriting in which strokes and,more rarely,characters are allowed to run into one another.,In writing in the semi-cursive script,the brush leaves the paper less often than in the regular script.Characters appear less angular and rounder.,In general,an educated person in China or Japan can read characters written in the semi-cursive script with relative ease,but may have occasional difficulties with certain idiosyncratic shapes.,tools,The,ink brush,ink,paper,and inkstone,are essential implements of Chinese calligraphy.They are known together as,the Four Treasures of the Study,.In addition to these four tools,a water-dropper,desk pads and paperweights are also used by calligraphers.,b,rush,The brush is traditional writing implement in Chinese calligraphy.The body of the brush can be made from either bamboo,or rarer materials such as red sandalwood,glass,ivory,silver,and gold.,The head of the brush can be made from the hair(or feathers)of a wide variety of animals,including the weasel,rabbit,deer,chicken,duck,goat,pig,tiger,wolf,etc.,Today,calligraphy may also be done using a pen.,paper,Special types of paper are used in Chinese calligraphy.,In China,Xuanzhi,traditionally made in Anhui province,is the preferred type of paper.It is made from the Tatar wingceltis,as well as other materials including rice,the paper mulberry,bamboo,hemp,etc.,Paperweights are used to hold down paper.A paperweight is often placed at the top of all but the largest pages to prevent slipping;for smaller pieces the left hand is also placed at the bottom of the page for support.,i,nk and inkstick,The ink is made from lampblack(soot)and binders,and comes in inksticks which must be rubbed with water on an inkstone until the right consistency is achieved.,Much cheaper,pre-mixed bottled inks are now available,but these are used primarily for practice as stick inks are considered higher quality and chemical inks are more prone to bleeding over time,making them less suitable for use in hanging scrolls.,Learning to rub the ink is an essential part of calligraphy study.Traditionally,Chinese calligraphy is written only in black ink,but modern calligraphers sometimes use other colors.,inkstone,Made from stone,ceramic,or clay from the banks of the Yellow River,inkstone is used to grind the solid inkstick into liquid ink and to contain the ink once it is liquid.Chinese inkstones are highly prized as art objects and an extensive bibliography is dedicated to their history and appreciation,especially in China.,Water calligraphy or ground calligraphy is a popular pastime as it is to do morning exercises and practice calligraphy for all ranks of society.,The end,