Traditional-Chinese-Medicine.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2013/6/2,#,Traditional Chinese Medicine,中医,Ppt Maker,：陈菲 蔡敏 黄雅茜,Speaker,：周玉芳 常艳敏,What is Traditional Chinese Medicine,TCM is a well of,medical knowledge,gained from over,4,000 years,of,observation,investigation,and,clinical experience,.,TCM is an,empirical science,its,theories,and,treatments,have been repeatedly in use and,refined,over this long period of time.,Profile,Traditional Chinese Medicine,refers to a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years,including various forms of,herbal medicine,acupuncture,massage,exercise,and dietary therapy,.These practices are a common part of medical care throughout East Asia,but are considered alternative medicine in the Western world.,TCMs view of the body,put,little emphasis on anatomical structures,but is mainly concerned with the identification of functional entities.,While health is perceived as harmonious interaction of these entities and the outside world,disease is interpreted as a disharmony in interaction.,TCM diagnosis consists in tracing symptoms to an underlying disharmony pattern,mainly by palpating the pulse and inspecting the tongue.,History of TCM Theory,Legend has it that the ancient“Shen Nong tasted a hundred species of herbs and almost 70 species of poisonous plants a day.”,Repeated experience brought knowledge which was passed down through the ages.,Philosophical background,Five,Phases theory,Yinyangism,All phenomena of the universe and nature can be broken down into five elemental qualities represented by,wood,fire,earth,metal,and water.,Strict rules are identified to apply to the relationships between the Five Phases in terms of sequence,of acting on each other,of counteraction etc.All these aspects of Five Phases theory constitute the basis of the Zangfu concept,and thus have great influence regarding the TCM model of the body.Five Phase theory is also applied in,diagnosis andtherapy.,五行归类,五行,木,火,土,金,水,方位,东,南,中,西,北,天干,甲乙,丙丁,戊己,庚辛,壬癸,地支,寅卯,巳午,辰戌 丑未,申酉,子亥,四季,春,夏,长夏,秋,冬,五形,矩形,尖形,方形,圆形,波形,五色,青,赤,黄,白,黑,五味,酸,苦,甘,辛,咸,五志,怒,喜,思,忧,恐,五智,仁,礼,信,义,智,五脏,肝,心,脾,肺,肾,五腑,胆,小肠,胃,大肠,膀胱,五官,目,舌,唇,鼻,耳,五体,筋,脉,肉,皮毛,骨,六神,青龙,朱雀,勾陈 腾蛇,白虎,玄武,Theory of yin and yang,The concept of yin and yang is also applicable to the human body;for example,the upper part of the body and the back are assigned to yang,while the lower part of the body are believed to have the yin character.Yin and yang characterization also extends to the various body functions,and-more importantly-to disease symptoms.Thus,yin and yang of the body are seen as phenomena whose lack(or overabundance)comes with characteristic symptom combinations:,Yin vacuity,(also termed vacuity-heat):heat sensations,possible night sweats,insomnia,dry pharynx,dry mouth,dark urine,a red tongue with scant fur,and a fine and rapid pulse.,Yang vacuity,(vacuity-cold):aversion to cold,cold limbs,bright white complexion,long voidings of clear urine,diarrhea,pale and enlarged tongue,and a slightly weak,slow and fine pulse.,TCM model of the body,Its view of the human body is only marginally concerned with anatomical structures,but focuses primarily on the bodys,functions.,Qi,Xue(blood),Zangfu,Jingluo(meridians),Qi,TCM distinguishes not only one but several different kinds of qi(,气,).In a general sense,qi is something that is defined by five cardinal functions.,Actuation,推动,Warming,温煦,Defense,防御,Containment,固摄,Transformation,气化,Qi is believed to be partially generated from food and drink,and partially from air.Another considerable part of it is inherited from the parents and will be consumed in the course of life,.,由于气在人体所分布的部位不同，有不同的来源与功能特点，因此就有不同的名称，主要的有元气、宗气、营气、卫气等。,Xue,functions:nourishing all parts and tissues of the body,safeguarding an adequate degree of moisture,and sustaining and soothing both consciousness and sleep.,血液的主要来源，是由脾胃所摄取的水谷精激，化为营气，经过肺的作用，贯注心脉而成为血。,Typical symptoms of a lack of xu(“blood vacuity”,血虚,)are described as:,Pale-white or withered-yellow complexion,dizziness,flowery vision,palpitations,insomnia,numbness of the extremities;pale tongue;fine pulse.,气、血、精、津液都是人体生命活动的必需物质，来源于先天的精气和后天的水谷精气，以及大自然的清气。它们的生成和输布有赖于各脏腑功能的正常活动。,Zangfu,The Zangfu constitute the centre piece of TCMs systematization of bodily functions.Bearing the names of organs,they are,however,only secondarily tied to anatomical assumptions.As they are primarily defined by their functions,they are not equivalent to the anatomical organs-to highlight this fact,their names are usually capitalized.,Jing Luo,The meridians are believed to be channels running from the Zangfu in the interior of the body to the limbs and joints“the surface”,transporting qi and blood.TCM identifies 12“regular,”,and 8“extraordinary”meridians;the Chinese terms being,十二经脉,(the Twelve Vessels)and,奇经八脉,respectively.Theres also a number of less customary channels branching off from the regular meridians.,Six Excesses,The Six Excesses,六淫,are allegorical terms used to describe disharmony patterns displaying certain typical symptoms.,Wind(,风,),Cold(,寒,),Fire/Heat(,火,),Dampness(,湿,),Dryness(,燥,),Summerheat(,暑,),Medicine,The Book of Rites,five categories of medicines:,herbs,wood,insects,stone,grains,Herbal medicine,There are roughly 13,000 medicinals used in China and over 100,000 medicinal recipes recorded in the ancient literature.Plant elements and extracts are by far the most common elements used.In the classic Handbook of Traditional Drugs from 1941,517 drugs were listed-out of these,45 were animal parts,and 30 were minerals.,Characteristics of TCM,TCM,Differentiation of Syndromes(TDS),Holistic Concept,treating different diseases with the same therapy,Treatment by Differentiation of Syndromes,Description of the contents,treating the same disease with different therapies,Masterpieces of TCM,Master piece 1,Master piece 1,the relationship between man and nature,the physiology and pathology of the human body,the diagnosis,treatment and prevention to diseases,theories of yin-yang and the five elements,Book:,Huangdis Classic on Medicine,Miraculous Pivot(,Ling Shu,),Basic Questions(,Su Wen,),Time:2000 years ago,Masterpiece 2,Masterpiece 2,Shen Nongs Herbal,252 herbs,67 animals,46 minerals,pharmacological theories,harmony in seven emotions,four properties of medicinal herbs,Time:,Qin-Han Period,Shen Nongs Herbal,pharmacological theories,assistant(zuo),adjuvant(chen),principal(jun),guide(shi),Complex prescriptions,(,qi qing he he),Shen Nongs Herbal,four properties of medicinal herbs,(si qi),five tastes of medicinal herbs,(wuwei),Masterpiece 3,Masterpiece 3,Book(s):,Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases,(Shang Han Za Bing Lun),Including:,Treatise on Febrile Diseases,(Shang Han Lun)and,Synopsis of Prescriptions of Golden Cabinet,(Jin Kui Yao Lue),Masterpiece 4,Masterpiece 4,Book(s):,A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,(Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing),Masterpiece 5,Masterpiece 5,works:,General Treatise on the Etiology and Symptomology,(Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun),Significance:,the earliest extant classic on etiology and symptoms in China,Masterpiece 6,Masterpiece 6,Works:,Newly-Revised Materia Medica,(Xin Xiu Ben Cao),Significance:the first pharmacopoeia sponsored officially in ancient China,Master pieces 7,Master pieces 7,Book 1:,Valuable Prescriptions for Emergencies,(Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang),Book 2:,Supplement to Valuable,Prescriptions,(Qian Jin Yi Fang),Master pieces 8,Master pieces 8,Works:,The Compendium of Materia Medica,(Ben Cao Gang Mu),Contribution:10,000 prescriptions and 1,000 illustrations of medicinal items;including botany,zoology,mineralogy,physics,astronomy,meteorology,etc.,Diagnosis:Four Examinations,observation,skin,eyes,tongue,nails,hair,auscultation and olfaction,sound of voice and breath,odor,of breath,interrogation,current condition,health history,family health history,patterns of sleep,appetite,digestion,bowel movement,sweat,pain,emotional features,lifestyle features,pulse feeling and palpatio,check the body temperature,body,moisture,pain;and feel the patients,pulse,Treatment,Acupuncture,Herbs,Tui Na,cupping glass,scraping therapy,Moxibustion,Have you ever tried,Acupuncture,?Does acupuncture hurt?,1.Acupuncture,How does Acupuncture work?,points are located throughout the body and act as gateways to influence,redirect,increase or decrease the vital“substance”of,Qi,corrects imbalances that cause disease,Chinese herbal medicine,Restore a balance of energy,body,and spirit to maintain health,more than 4,000 years,Formulas,To,stimulate,the bodys natural healing process,Be made from the,roots,stems,bark,leaves,seeds,or,flowers,of many plants,as well as some,mineral,and,animal parts,.The herbs are usually,decocted,into a soup.,To make up a prescription,the TCM doctor carefully,blends together,a number of herbs which have specific functions.,Tuina,Tuina is Chinese,massage,.,It establishes a more harmonious flow of Qi throughout the system of channels,allowing the body to naturally heal itself.,joint problems,create relaxation,disorder,Qigong,Qi=energy or vital energy,Gong=practice.,QiGong:practice concerned with exercising of Qi.,The use of Qigong to improve and maintain health was first mentioned in the Yellow Emperors Classic of Internal Medicine,written in about 200 BC.,Chinese food therapy,When one is diseased(unbalanced),certain foods and herbs are prescribed to restore balance to the body,.,Thank you,